loanword

See also:loan word

English

Alternative forms

• loan word

Etymology

AcalqueofGermanLehnwort,equivalent toloan+‎word.CompareWest Frisianlienwurd,Dutchleenwoord,Danishlåneord,Swedishlånord,Icelandiclánsorð.

Pronunciation

• (Canada,US)IPA^(key):/ˈloʊnˌwɝd/
• (UK)IPA^(key):/ˈləʊnˌwɜː(ɹ)d/

• Audio(Southern England):

  (file)

• Audio(Canada):

  (file)

Noun

loanword(pluralloanwords)

1. Aworddirectly taken into onelanguagefrom another one.

   Calque is aloanwordwith french origins, andloanwordis a calque with german origins.

   • [1921[1919],H. L. Mencken,chapter32,inThe American Language,2nd edition, New York:Alfred A. Knopf,→ISBN,→OCLC:

     New words, and particularlyloanwords,are simplified, and hence naturalized in American much more quickly than in English.Employéhas long since becomeemployeein our newspapers, andasphaltehas lost its finale,andmanœuvrehas becomemaneuver,andpyjamashas becomepajamas.]

   • 2018,James Lambert, “Anglo-Indian slang in dictionaries on historical principles”, inWorld Englishes,volume37,page251:

     This searching was facilitated by the author's knowledge of the vagaries of Anglo-Indian spelling and the numerous colonial-era transliteration systems used forloanwordsfrom Indian languages.

Synonyms

• borrowing
• foreignword(informal)
• gainword

Hyponyms

• Hobson-Jobson

Coordinate terms

• calque

Translations

word taken from another language

• Afrikaans:leenwoord
• Arabic:دَخِيلm(daḵīl),لَفْظدَخِيلm(lafẓ daḵīl)
• Armenian:փոխառություն(hy)(pʻoxaṙutʻyun)
• Belarusian:запазы́чаннеn(zapazýčannje),запазы́чанаесло́ваn(zapazýčanaje slóva)
• Bulgarian:зае́мка(bg)f(zaémka),чужди́ца(bg)f(čuždíca)
• Catalan:manlleu(ca)m
• Cebuano:pulong hinulaman
• Chinese:

  Cantonese:Tá từ／Tá từ(ze³ci⁴),Ngoại lai ngữ／Ngoại lai ngữ(ngoi⁶loi⁴jyu⁵)

  Mandarin:Ngoại lai ngữ／Ngoại lai ngữ(zh)(wàiláiyǔ),Tá từ／Tá từ(zh)(jiècí),Tá dụng ngữ／Tá dụng ngữ(zh)(jièyòngyǔ)

• Crimean Tatar:alınma söz
• Czech:přejaté slovon
• Danish:fremmedordn(a loan that retains its native spelling),låneordn
• Dutch:leenwoord(nl)n
• Erzya:ушовал(ušoval),саезь вал(sajeź val),саевкс(sajevks)
• Estonian:laensõna(et)
• Finnish:lainasana(fi)
• French:emprunt(fr)m
• Galician:estranxeirismo(gl)m
• German:Lehnwort(de)n,Fremdwort(de)n
• Greek:δάνειο(el)n(dáneio)
• Greenlandic:oqaasersiaq
• Hindi:आगत शब्दm(āgat śabd)
• Hungarian:jövevényszó(hu),átvétel(hu),kölcsönzés(hu)
• Icelandic:tökuorð(is)n,lánsorðn
• Indonesian:kata serapan(id)
• Irish:focal iasachtam,iasacht(ga)f
• Italian:forestierismo(it),prestitolinguisticom
• Japanese:Ngoại lai ngữ(ja)(がいらいご, gairaigo),Tá dụng ngữ(ja)(しゃくようご, shakuyōgo)
• Kazakh:кірме сөз(kırme söz)
• Khmer:ពាក្យកម្ចី(piək kɑmcəy)
• Korean:외래어( ngoại lai ngữ )(ko)(oeraeeo),차용어( tá dụng ngữ )(ko)(chayong'eo)
• Kyrgyz:өздөштүрүү(ky)(özdöştürüü)
• Latvian:aizguvumsm
• Lithuanian:skolinysm
• Macedonian:заемкаf(zaemka)
• Malay:kata pinjaman
• Maori:kupu whakawhiti,kupu pōriro,kupu mino
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic:зээлдсэн үг(zeeldsen üg),харь үг(mn)(xarʹ üg)

• Norwegian:

  Bokmål:lånord(no)n,fremmedord(no)n,importordn

  Nynorsk:låneordn,lånordn,framandordn,importordn

• Persian:دَخیل(fa)(daxil),وامواژه(fa)(vâm-vâže),واژهٔ دَخیل(vâže-ye daxil),واژهٔ عاریَتی(vâže-ye 'âriyati)
• Polish:zapożyczenie(pl)n
• Portuguese:estrangeirismo(pt)m,empréstimo(pt)m
• Romanian:cuvânt împrumutatn,împrumut(ro)n
• Russian:заи́мствование(ru)n(zaímstvovanije),заи́мствованноесло́воn(zaímstvovannoje slóvo)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic:посуђѐницаf,позајмљеницаf

  Roman:posuđènicaf,pozajmljenica(sh)f

• Slovak:prevzaté slovon
• Slovene:izposojenkaf
• Spanish:extranjerismo(es)m,préstamo(es)m,calco(es)m
• Swedish:lånord(sv)n,låneord(sv)n,främmande ord(sv)n
• Tagalog:salitang hiram
• Tajik:иқтибос(iqtibos)
• Thai:คำยืม(th)(kam-yʉʉm)
• Turkish:alıntı kelime,alıntı sözcük
• Ukrainian:запози́чення(uk)n(zapozýčennja)
• Vietnamese:từ vay mượn,từ du nhập,từ mượn(vi),từ ngoại lai
• Welsh:benthycairm,benthyciad(cy)m
• Yoruba:ọ̀rọ̀-àyálò

Trivia

• While the termloanwordis a calque from German, the termcalqueis a loanword from French.

See also

• calque
• foreignism
• loanblend
• loanshift
• loan translation
• partial calque
• semantic loan
• semi-calque

Further reading

• loanwordon Wikipedia.Wikipedia