Wiktionary

male

See also:Male,malé,Malé,mâle,malë,måle,małe,málé,mäle,malê,mǎlè,andmâlə

English

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EnglishWikipediahas an article on:
Wikipedia
Male symbol⟨♂⟩

Etymology

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    Etymology tree
    Latinmās
    Proto-Indo-European*-lós
    Proto-Italic*-elos
    Latin-ulus
    Latin-culus
    Vulgar Latinmasclus
    Old Frenchmaslebor.
    Middle Englishmale
    Englishmale

    FromMiddle Englishmale,borrowed fromOld Frenchmalle,masle(Modern Frenchmâle), fromLatinmasculus(“masculine, a male”),diminutive ofmās(“male, masculine”).Doubletofmacho.Displaced nativeOld Englishwǣpned(“male”,literally“penised”),derived from the nounwǣpn(“weapon”),which had thesecondarysense“penis”.

    Pronunciation

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    Adjective

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    male(not generallycomparable,comparativemalerormoremale,superlativemalestormostmale)

    1. Belonging to thesexwhich typically producessperm,or to the gender which is typically associated with it.[from 14th c.]
      malewriters
      the leadingmaleand female singers
      amalebird feeding a seed to a female
      in bee colonies, all drones aremale
      intersexmalepatients
      • 1995,Gill Van Hasselt,Childbirth: Your Choices for Managing Pain,Taylor Pub,→ISBN:
        We got the hang of [caring for a baby], Kate and I, with some quiet, surprising guidance from a gentlemalenurse whose touching lack of intrusion was so instinctive as to seem part of the pattern.
      • 2016,Tobias Raun,Out Online,→ISBN:
        Whereas many other transmalevloggers use the videos to assert a conventionally recognizable masculinity through sculpting and carrying their bodies as well as dressing and talking in masculine-coded ways, Carson explores and plays with ways of expressing femininity within (trans) maleness.
      • For more quotations using this term, seeCitations:male.
    2. Characteristic of thissex/gender.(Comparemasculine,manly.)
      stereotypicallymaleinterests,an insect with typicallymalecoloration
      • 2006,Bonnie Roberts,Bruises on the Heart,→ISBN,page118:
        A bright light was shone in her eye and then she heard a kind,malevoice who she figured must be Dr. Smith. “Yes, let her rest now, but keep an eye on her blood pressure and her pulse. Check her about every 15 or 20 minutes. Call me if any problem occurs.”
      • 2004,Mino Vianello, Gwen Moore,Women and Men in Political and Business Elites: A Comparative Study,→ISBN:
        More than that, we cannot find the same dynamics within female career trajectories as in the other two country groups, because the time-structure of female andmalecareers already shows great similarity within the older generation of elites. In addition, the pattern of the relation between female andmalecareers remains the same over time.
      • For more quotations using this term, seeCitations:male.
    3. Tendingto lead to orregulatethedevelopmentof sexual characteristics typical of thissex.
      themalechromosome;like testes, ovaries also produce testosterone and some othermalehormones
    4. (grammar,less common than 'masculine')Masculine;of the masculine grammatical gender.
      • 2012,Naomi McIlwraith,Kiyâm: Poems,→ISBN,page43:
        The teacher's voice inflects the pulse ofnêhiyawêwinas he teaches us. He says a prayer in the first class. Nouns, we learn, have a gender. In French, nouns aremaleor female, but in Cree, nouns are living or non-living, animate or inanimate.
      • 2012,Sinéad Leleu, Michaela Greck-Ismair,German Pen Pals Made Easy KS3:
        If you are describing a female noun, you must make the adjective feminine by adding an 'e'. If you describe amalenoun, you add an 'er'. For neutral nouns you add an 'es'.
    5. (of bacteria)Having theF factor;able to impart DNA into another bacterium which does not have the F factor (afemale).
      • 1967,Symposium on Infectious Multiple Drug Resistance: Genetics, Molecular Nature, and Clinical Implications of R Factors, May 25, 1967,page 7:
        Furthermore,malebacteria with fi + R factors, which inhibit the function of F (fi fertility inhibition) (Watanabe et al., 1964a), cannot form specific cell pairs at high frequencies. On the contrary, the formation of[…]
      • (Can wedatethis quote?),The genetics problem solver,Research & Education Assoc.,→ISBN,page443:
        Malebacteria having the sex factor, also known as the F or "fertility" factor, are termed P if the sex factor exists extrachromosomally. F+ bacteria can only conjugate with F, the female counterparts, which do not possess the F [factor].
    6. (figuratively)Of instruments, tools, or connectors: designed to fit into or penetrate afemalecounterpart, as in aconnector,pipefitting or laboratoryglassware.[from 16th c.]
      • 1982,Popular Science,page119:
        Maleadapter connects female pipe threads to polyethylene cold-water pipe; [...] female flare coupling connectsmalepipe threads to flared copper or plastic;

    Synonyms

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    Coordinate terms

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    Translations

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    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
    Translations to be checked

    Noun

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    male(pluralmales)

    1. One of the male (masculine)sexorgender.
      1. A human member of the masculine sex or gender.
      2. An animal of the sex that hastestes.
      3. A plant of themasculinesex.
    2. Abacteriumwhich has theF factor.
      • 2001August 1, Harrison G. Echols,Operators and Promoters: The Story of Molecular Biology and Its Creators,Univ of California Press,→ISBN,page45:
        During mating, F+ male bacteria transfer the F factor to the recipient females, transforming them into F+males.Malesalso retain a copy of their F factor for themselves (left). When Hfr (or high frequency recombination)malesmate[…]
      • 2021February 26, Gregor Majdic,Soul Mate Biology: Science of attachment and love,Springer Nature,→ISBN,page10:
        In this process, one bacterium designated the male bacterium transfers its DNA into the female bacterium. Bacteria are determined to be male or female by a small piece of DNA, called F-plasmid, or sex factor. Bacteria with this small piece of DNA are labeled asmales,and bacteria that do not have this factor are considered females.[…]Nevertheless, in addition to a small piece of DNA, male bacteria have some unique characteristics. They can make a special protrusion on their surface, called F-pilus. Pilae (plural for pilus) are hair-like structures that cover the[…]
    3. A maleconnector,pipe fitting, etc.
      • 1981,Modern Photography:
        Work another rubber washer over the threads of the male adapter that is now sticking out of the bucket.[…]cut out with an X-acto knife, then thread the female fittings to themales.

    Usage notes

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    • Similar to objections over the usage offemale(s)as a noun, some people find it dehumanizing to refer to men as "male(s)" due to its zoological use, especially in non-technical contexts. It is frequently used in policeblotters,dispatches, reports, and legal, medical, or physiological documents to encompass boys and men, further fueling aversion through this association with criminality and/or vice.

    Antonyms

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    Hyponyms

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    Translations

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    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
    Translations to be checked

    Derived terms

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    terms derived from adjective or noun

    See also

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    Anagrams

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    Afar

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    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key):/maˈle/ [mʌˈlɛ]
    • Hyphenation:ma‧le

    Particle

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    malé

    1. Alternative form ofmaléey

    References

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    • Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015)L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎[1],Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

    Danish

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    Pronunciation

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    Etymology 1

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    FromMiddle Low Germanmālen(“to draw, paint”),fromOld Saxonmālōn,fromProto-West Germanic*mālōn,fromProto-Germanic*mēlōną,which could be related to*mailą(“spot, blemish, mark”).Cognate withIcelandicmála(“to paint”).

    Verb

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    male(imperativemal,presentmaler,pastmaledeormalte,past participlemaletormalt)

    1. Topaint.
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    Etymology 2

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    FromOld Norsemala,fromProto-Germanic*malaną(“to grind”),fromProto-Indo-European*melh₂-(“to grind, rub, break up”).Cognate withIcelandicmala.

    Verb

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    male(imperativemal,infinitiveatmale,present tensemaler,past tensemalede,perfect tenseer/harmalet)

    1. Togrind,mill.
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    Dutch

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    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    male

    1. (archaic)dativesingularofmaal

    Verb

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    male

    1. (dated or formal)singularpresentsubjunctiveofmalen

    Esperanto

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    Etymology

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    From prefixmal-(antonym)+‎-e(indicates adverbs).

    Pronunciation

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    Adverb

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    male

    1. on the contrary
    2. opposingly;in opposition
      maleol...―as opposed to...

    Estonian

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    Etymology

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    Frommalev(“army”),a word attested in the 13th centuryLivonian Chronicle of Henry.Coined byAdo Grenzsteinin the 19th century.

    Noun

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    male(genitivemale,partitivemalet)

    1. (board games)chess

    Declension

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    Declension ofmale(ÕS type16/pere,no gradation)
    singular plural
    nominative male maled
    accusative nom.
    gen. male
    genitive malede
    partitive malet malesid
    illative malle
    malesse     		maledesse
    inessive males maledes
    elative malest maledest
    allative malele maledele
    adessive malel maledel
    ablative malelt maledelt
    translative maleks maledeks
    terminative maleni maledeni
    essive malena maledena
    abessive maleta maledeta
    comitative malega maledega

    See also

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    Chess piecesin Estonian ·malendid(see also:male)(layout·text)
    kuningas lipp vanker oda ratsu ettur

    German

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    Pronunciation

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    Verb

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    male

    1. inflection ofmalen:
      1. first-personsingularpresent
      2. singularimperative
      3. first/third-personsingularsubjunctiveI

    Hawaiian

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    Etymology

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    BorrowedfromEnglishmarry.

    Pronunciation

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    Verb

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    male

    1. tomarry

    Italian

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    Etymology

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    FromLatinmale.

    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key):/ˈma.le/
    • Rhymes:-ale
    • Hyphenation:mà‧le

    Adverb

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    male(comparativepeggio,superlativemalissimo)

    1. badly,wrongly
      Antonym:bene

    Noun

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    malem(pluralmali)

    1. evil,harm
    2. pain,ache,illness,sickness,disease

    Antonyms

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    Derived terms

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    Adjective

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    male

    1. (archaic)femininepluralofmalo(“bad”)

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    Anagrams

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    Latin

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    Etymology

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    Frommalus(“bad, wicked”).

    Pronunciation

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    Adverb

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    male(comparativepēius,superlativepessimē)

    1. badly
      Antonym:bene
      • 1413,Jan Hus,Epistola ad Iohannem de Reinstein‎[2]:
        Melius est bene morī quammalevīvere.
        It is better to die well than to livebadly.
    2. wrongly
      Synonym:prāvē
    3. cruelly,wickedly
    4. notmuch;feebly

    Derived terms

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    Descendants

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    • Aragonese:mal
    • Asturian:mal
    • Catalan:mal
    • Corsican:mal
    • Dalmatian:mal,mul
    • French:mal
    • Friulian:mâl
    • Italian:male
    • Leonese:mal
    • Mirandese:mal
    • Mozarabic:mal
    • Occitan:mal
    • Old Galician-Portuguese:mal
      • Fala:mal
      • Galician:mal
      • Portuguese:mal(see there for further descendants)
    • Sardinian:mabi,mai,mali,male
    • Sicilian:mali
    • Spanish:mal
    • Venetan:mal,małe

    References

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    • “male”,inCharlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879)A Latin Dictionary,Oxford: Clarendon Press
    • “male”,inCharlton T. Lewis (1891)An Elementary Latin Dictionary,New York: Harper & Brothers
    • malein Charles du Fresne du Cange’sGlossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis(augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
    • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894)Latin Phrase-Book‎[3],London:Macmillan and Co.
      • (ambiguous)to deserve ill of a person; to treat badly:male mereri de aliquo
      • (ambiguous)to have a good or bad reputation, be spoken well, ill of:bene, male audire (ab aliquo)
      • (ambiguous)to inculcate good (bad) principles:bene (male) praecipere alicui
      • (ambiguous)a guilty conscience:animus male sibi conscius
      • (ambiguous)a moral (immoral) man:homo bene (male) moratus
      • (ambiguous)to bless (curse) a person:precari alicui bene (male)oromnia bona (mala), salutem
      • (ambiguous)to manage one's affairs, household, property well or ill:rem bene (male) gerere(vid.sect. XVI. 10a)
      • (ambiguous)to buy dearly:magnoormale emere
      • (ambiguous)to win, lose a fight (of the commander):rem (bene, male) gerere(vid.sect. XII. 2, noterem gerere...)
      • (ambiguous)I am sorry to hear..:male(opp.bene)narras (de)

    Limburgish

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    Alternative forms

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    Etymology

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    FromMiddle Dutchmālen,fromOld Dutch*malan,fromProto-West Germanic*malan,fromProto-Germanic*malaną.

    Verb

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    male

    1. Tomill.

    Conjugation

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    Montfortian conjugation ofmale(first conjugation)
    non-finite forms infinitive gerund present participle past participle adjective adverb
    (tö)male 'tmalen malendj höbbegemale gemaledje,gemaledjer,gemaledjes gemaledj,gemaledjelik
    number & tense verb-second order verb-first order
    present past subjunctive present past subjunctive
    first person singular male maledje male male maledje-n male-n
    second person singular males maledjes male males maledjes maler
    third person singular maletj maledje male maletj'r maledje maler
    first person plural male maledje male maletj maledje male
    second person plural maletj maledje male maletj maledje maletj
    third person plural male maledje male male maledje maler
    other forms noun imperative singular impolite imperative singular polite imperative dual imperative plural inclusive
    'tgemalen male! maletj! maletj,maletj! maletj! malem

    Middle English

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    Etymology 1

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      BorrowedfromOld Frenchmasle,malle,fromLate Latinmasclus,fromLatinmasculus;comparefemeleandmasculyn.

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      • IPA(key):/ˈmaːl(ə)/,/ˈmaːdlə/,/ˈmaːdəl/

      Noun

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      male(pluralmales)

      1. Aman;a malehumanoranimal.
      2. (rare)A "male"gemorplant.
      3. (rare)Manhood;thestateof beingmale.
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      Adjective

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      male

      1. male(ofmasculinesex or gender)
      2. Used in extended reference to supposedly "male"gems,plants,or astrological portents.
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      Etymology 2

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      BorrowedfromAnglo-Normanand continentalOld Frenchmale,fromFrankish*malhu,fromProto-Germanic*malhō.

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      Noun

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      male(pluralmales)

      2. Abag,pack,orwallet.
      3. Thebellyor one of its contents; agut.
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      Etymology 3

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      BorrowedfromLatinmālum,fromAncient Greekμῆλον(mêlon),of unknown origin.

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      Noun

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      male

      1. (chieflyLate Middle English,uncommon)Theappletree(Malus domestica) or its fruit.
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      Etymology 4

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      Noun

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      male

      1. Alternative form ofmayle

      Etymology 5

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      Noun

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      male

      1. (Northern)Alternative form ofmel

      Norwegian Bokmål

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      Etymology 1

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      FromOld NorsemálaandMiddle Low Germanmalen.

      Verb

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      male(imperativemal,present tensemaler,passivemales,simple pastmalte,past participlemalt,present participlemalende)

      1. Topaint.

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      Etymology 2

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      FromOld Norsemala.

      Verb

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      male(imperativemal,present tensemaler,passivemales,simple pastmolormalte,past participlemalt,present participlemalende)

      1. Togrindormill(to make smaller by breaking with a device).
      2. Topurr(of a cat, to make a vibrating sound in its throat when contented)
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      Norwegian Nynorsk

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      Etymology 1

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      Verb

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      male(present tensemel,past tensemol,supinemale,past participlemalen,present participlemalande,imperativemal)

      1. Alternative form ofmala

      Etymology 2

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      Verb

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      male(present tensemalar,past tensemala,past participlemala,passive infinitivemalast,present participlemalande,imperativemale/mal)

      1. (pre-2012)alternative form ofmåle,topaint.

      Old English

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      Pronunciation

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      Noun

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      māle

      1. dativesingularofmāl

      Old French

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      Alternative forms

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      Etymology

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      FromMedieval Latinmala,fromFrankish*malha(“leather bag”).

      Noun

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      maleoblique singular,f(oblique pluralmales,nominative singularmale,nominative pluralmales)

      1. pack,bag

      Descendants

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      Pali

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      Alternative forms

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      Alternative scripts

      Noun

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      male

      1. locativesingularofmala(“dirt”)

      Sardinian

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      Etymology

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      FromLatinmale.CompareItalianmale.

      Adverb

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      male

      1. badly

      Serbo-Croatian

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      Adjective

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      male

      1. inflection ofmal:
        1. masculineaccusativeplural
        2. femininegenitivesingular
        3. femininenominative/accusative/vocativeplural

      Toba Batak

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      Etymology

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      FromProto-Batak*ləhey.

      Pronunciation

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      Adjective

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      male

      1. hungry

      References

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      • Warneck, J. (1906).Tobabataksch-Deutsches Wörterbuch.Batavia: Landesdrukkerij,p. 113.
      Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=male&oldid=82621749"