-ül

See also:ül,uel,andAppendix:Variations of "ul"

Azerbaijani

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):[yl]

Suffix

	preceding vowel
	A / I	E / Ə / İ	O / U	Ö / Ü
postconsonantal except after L	-ıl	-il	-ul	-ül
after L	-ın	-in	-un	-ün
postvocalic	-n

-ül

1. Form of-ilafter the vowels Ö / Ü and a consonant other than L.

   ‎döymək(“to beat”)+ ‎-ül→ ‎döyülmək(“to get beaten”)

   ‎tökmək(“to pour”)+ ‎-ül→ ‎tökülmək(“to fall out, get spilled”)

Derived terms

See-il.

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):[yl]

Etymology 1

(Thisetymologyis missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

Suffix

-ül

2. (verb-forming suffix)Added to anadjectiveto form amiddle-voiceverb.It is similar to-edik.

   ‎zöld(“green”)+ ‎-ül→ ‎zöldül(“to become (more) green”)

   ‎szép(“beautiful”)+ ‎-ül→ ‎szépül(“to become (more) beautiful”)

Usage notes

• (verb-forming suffix)Variants:

  -ulis added to back-vowel words. The final vowel is dropped.

  ‎drága(“expensive”)+ ‎-ul→ ‎drágul(“to get more expensive”)

  -ülis added to front-vowel words. The final vowel is dropped.

  ‎gyenge(“weak”)+ ‎-ül→ ‎gyengül(“to weaken”)

Derived terms

Hungarian verbs suffixed with -ül

Etymology 2

Suffix

-ül(essive-modalcase suffix)

2. (essive sense)as,with theintentionof(front-vowel variant of-ul)

   Synonyms:-ként,-képp/-képpen,(stating the capacity)mint

   ‎meglepetés(“surprise”)+ ‎-ül→ ‎meglepetésül(“asa surprise”)

   ‎vég(“end”)+ ‎-ül→ ‎végül(“finally,eventually”,literally“asan/the end”)

4. (modal sense,adverb-forming suffix)Added to anadjectiveto form anadverb.

   ‎feltétlen(“unconditional, definite”)+ ‎-ül→ ‎feltétlenül(“unconditionally,definitely”)

   ‎török(“Turkish”)+ ‎-ül→ ‎törökül(“inTurkish”)

Usage notes

• (essive-modal case suffix)Variants:

  -ulis added to back-vowel words. Final-achanges to-á-.

  -ülis added to front-vowel words. Final-echanges to-é-.

Hungarian case suffixes

Case	Back vowel a, á, o, ó, u, ú	Front vowel
		unrounded e, é, i, í	rounded ö, ő, ü, ű
nominative	—
accusative	-t
	-ot/-at	-et	-öt
dative	-nak	-nek
instrumental	-val	-vel
causal-final	-ért
translative	-vá	-vé
terminative	-ig
essive-formal	-ként
essive-modal	-ul	-ül
inessive	-ban	-ben
superessive	-n
	-on	-en	-ön
adessive	-nál	-nél
illative	-ba	-be
sublative	-ra	-re
allative	-hoz	-hez	-höz
elative	-ból	-ből
delative	-ról	-ről
ablative	-tól	-től
Note for all endings: Stem-final-a/-echanges to-á-/-é-,respectively, except-ként. alma—almában,butalmaként zene―zenében,butzeneként

Derived terms

Hungarian adverbs suffixed with -ül

See also

• Category:Hungarian verbs taking -ul/-ül
• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

Turkish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):[yl]

Suffix

	preceding vowel
	A / I	E / İ	O / U	Ö / Ü
postconsonantal except after L	-ıl	-il	-ul	-ül
after L	-ın	-in	-un	-ün
postvocalic	-n

-ül

1. Form of-ilafter the vowels Ö / Ü and a consonant other than L.

   ‎dövmek(“to beat”)+ ‎-ül→ ‎dövülmek(“to get beaten”)

   ‎dökmek(“to pour”)+ ‎-ül→ ‎dökülmek(“to fall out, get spilled”)

Derived terms

See-il.

Volapük

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):[yl]

Suffix

-ül

1. offspring,young(of ananimal), youngorganism(animal or plant) (e.g.,torül= young bull,bullock;kunül= young cow,heifer;lupül=wolf cub)
2. Hypocoristicor used to denote affection for the noun.(e.g.,Samül=Sammy)

Usage notes

• In many languages, the diminutive form of a word can also be used to denote not (just) littleness but (also) affection or intimacy (for the word'sreferent), whereas in Volapük this secondary meaning of the diminutive is split off, since Volapük attempts, somewhat likeLojban,to avoidpolysemy.

Derived terms

Volapük terms suffixed with -ül

See also

• -il(“diminutivesuffix”)