Wiktionary:Bengali transliteration
These are the rules concerning transliteration inBengalientries.
Consonants
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| letter | ক | খ | গ | ঘ | ঙ | |||||
| translit. | k | kh | g | gh | ṅ | |||||
| IPA | /k/ | /kʰ/ | /ɡ/ | /ɡʱ/ | /ŋ/ | |||||
| letter | চ | ছ | জ | ঝ | ঞ | য | শ | য় | ৎ | |
| translit. | c | ch | j | jh | n ◌̃ (between vowels) |
j | ś/s | ẏ ẇ (afterō) |
t | |
| IPA | /t͡ʃ/ | /t͡ʃʰ/ | /d͡ʒ/ | /d͡ʒʱ/ | /n/,/◌̃/ | /d͡ʒ/ | /ʃ~s/ | /e̯/,/∅/ | /t̪/ | |
| letter | ট | ঠ | ড | ঢ | ণ | র | ষ | ড় | ং | |
| translit. | ṭ | ṭh | ḍ | ḍh | n | r | ś/s | ṛ | ṅ | |
| IPA | /t/ | /tʰ/ | /d/ | /dʱ/ | /n/ | /ɾ~r/ | /ʃ~s/ | /ɽ/ | /ŋ/ | |
| letter | ত | থ | দ | ধ | ন | ল | স | ঢ় | ঃ | |
| translit. | t | th | d | dh | n | l | ś/s | ṛh | ḥ/-[1] | |
| IPA | /t̪/ | /t̪ʰ/ | /d̪/ | /d̪ʱ/ | /n/ | /l/ | /ʃ/,/s/ | /ɽʱ~ɽ/ | /h/,/∅/ | |
| letter | প | ফ | ব | ভ | ম | হ | ||||
| translit. | p | ph | b | bh | m – (if silent)[2] |
h | ||||
| IPA | /p/ | /f/ | /b/ | /bʱ~v/ | /m/,/∅/ | /ɦ/ | ||||
Vowels
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| letter | অ | অ্যা | ই | উ | ঋ | এ | ও | ||
| diacritic | inherent | ্যা | ি | ু | ৃ | ে | ো | ||
| translit. | o[3] | ê/a[4] | i | u | ri | e | ō | ||
| IPA | /ɔ/,/o/ | /æ~ɛ/,/a/ | /i/ | /u/ | /ri/ | /e/,/æ~ɛ/ | /o/ | ||
| letter | আ | ঈ | ঊ | ঐ | ঔ | ||||
| diacritic | া | ী | ূ | ৈ | ৌ | ||||
| translit. | a | i | u | ōi | ōu | ||||
| IPA | /a/ | /i/ | /u/ | /oi̯/ | /ou̯/ | ||||
Other diacritics
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| diacritic | ঁ | ্ব | ্য | ্র | |
| translit. | ◌̃ | – (most cases)[2] b (generally after ম) |
ê (initial) – (elsewhere)[2] |
r | |
| IPA | /◌̃/ | /b/,/∅/ | /æ/,/∅/ | /ɾ/ | |
Irregular ligatures
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ligature | ক্ষ | জ্ঞ | হ্য | হ্ব | |
| translit. | kh (initial) kkh (medial) |
g (initially)[5] gg (medially)[6] |
h (initial) jjh (medial) |
ubh | |
| IPA | /kʰ(ː)/ | /ɡ(ː)/ | /ɦ/,/dʒʱː/ | /u̯bʱ/ | |
Miscellaneous
An apostrophe (') is used to distinguish between an aspirated consonants and an unaspirated consonant followed by a হ. For example:
- সুবহানাল্লাহ(śub'hanallah)
- সুভানাল্লাহ(śubhanallah)
Notes
- ^Usually silent, sometimes double the following consonant.
- ↑2.02.12.2When silent, double the preceding consonant.
- ^Don't useôto represent the inherent vowel. It is reserved to force the /ɔ/ phoneme in
{{bn-IPA}}. - ^The diacritic ্যা is romanised as "ê" or "a" depending on position and/or pronunciation.
- ^Converts the followingatoê.
- ^Does not convert the followingatoêexcept in words containing জ্ঞান.