dun

See also:Appendix:Variations of "dun"

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/dʌn/

  • Audio(US):

    (file)

• (Northern England)IPA^(key):/dʊn/
• Rhymes:-ʌn
• Homophones:done,Donn,Donne,Dunn,Dunne

Etymology 1

FromMiddle Englishdun,donn,dunne,fromOld Englishdunn(“dun, dingy brown, bark-colored, brownish black”),fromProto-West Germanic*duʀn,fromProto-Germanic*duznaz,*dusnaz(“brown, yellow”),fromProto-Indo-European*dʰewh₂-(“to smoke, raise dust”).Cognate withOld Saxondun(“brown, dark”),Old High Germantusin(“ash-gray, dull brown, pale yellow, dark”),Old Norsedunna(“female mallard; duck”).

Alternative etymology derives the Old English word fromBrythonic(compareMiddle Welshdwnn(“dark (red)”)), fromProto-Celtic*dusnos(compareOld IrishdonnandScottish Gaelicdonn(“brown”)), fromProto-Indo-European*dʰews-(compareOld Saxondosan(“chestnut brown”)). More atdusk.

Noun

dun(usuallyuncountable,pluralduns)

1. A brownish grey colour.

   dun:

   Synonym:claybank

Translations

colour

• Bulgarian:сиво-кафяв(sivo-kafjav)
• Czech:šedohnědá barva
• Dutch:vaalbruin(nl),grijs-bruin
• Finnish:harmaanruskea(fi)
• French:brun(fr)grisâtre
• Georgian:მონაცრისფრო-ყვითელი ფერი(monacrispro-q̇viteli peri)
• German:Graubraunn
• Greek:καστανόφαιο(kastanófaio)
• Hungarian:szürkésbarna(hu),ordas(hu)
• Icelandic:grámórauttn
• Indonesian:turangga(id)n
• Irish:donn(ga)
• Italian:bigio(it)m,grigio(it)m,grigiastro(it)m
• Japanese:Tiêu げ màu trà(こげちゃいろ, kogechairo)
• Norwegian:gråbruntn
• Occitan:brunèl
• Persian:دیزه(phát)(dize)
• Portuguese:pardo(pt)m
• Russian:серова́то-кори́чневый(ru)m(serováto-koríčnevyj)(цвет)
• Serbo-Croatian:sivosmeđ
• Spanish:pardo(es)
• Swedish:gråbrun(sv),gråbrunt
• Turkish:kula(tr)

Adjective

dun(notcomparable)

1. Of abrownishgreycolour.
   • c.1606(date written),William Shakespeare,“The Tragedie of Macbeth”,inMr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies[…](First Folio), London:[…]Isaac Iaggard,andEd[ward]Blount,published1623,→OCLC,[Act I, scene v],page134,column 2, lines48–49:

     Come, thick Night,
     And pall thee in thedunneſtſmoake of Hell,
     That my keene Knife ſee not the Wound it makes,
     Nor Heauen peepe through the Blanket of the darke,
     To cry, hold, hold.

   • 1609,William Shakespeare,“Sonnet 130”,inShake-speares Sonnets.[…]‎^[1],London: ByG[eorge] EldforT[homas] T[horpe]and are to be sold byWilliam Aspley,→OCLC:

     My Miſtres eyes are nothing like the Sunne,
     Currallis farre more red, then her lips red,
     If ſnow be white, why then her breſts aredun:
     If hairs bewiers,black wiers grow on her head: [...]

   • 1827,[John Keble], “Twenty-third Sunday after Trinity”, inThe Christian Year: Thoughts in Verse for the Sundays and Holydays throughout the Year,volume II, Oxford, Oxfordshire:[…][B]y W. Baxter, for J. Parker; andC[harles]and J[ohn]Rivington,[…],→OCLC,page85:

     Red o'er the forest glows the setting sun, / The line of yellow light dies fast away / That crown'd the eastern copse, and chill anddun/ Falls on the moor the brief November day.

   • 2007September 25,Bungie,Halo 3,Microsoft Game Studios,Xbox 360,level/area:Terminal One (Legendary):

     Where is the nobility in these streets paved with greasy carbon anddunash?

Translations

of a brownish grey colour

• Bulgarian:сиво-кафяв(sivo-kafjav)
• Chinese:
• Mandarin:Ám màu nâu(zh)(ànhè sắc de)
• Czech:šedohnědý,plavý(cs)(horse)
• Dutch:grijsbruin(nl)
• Finnish:harmaanruskea(fi)
• French:brun gris
• Georgian:მონაცრისფრო-ყვითელი(monacrispro-q̇viteli)
• German:graubraun(de),falb(of horses)
• Hungarian:fakó(hu),ordas(hu)
• Indonesian:turangga(id)
• Irish:riabhach
• Italian:grigio brunastro(it)m
• Norwegian:gråbrun
• Ottoman Turkish:قولا(kula)
• Polish:płowy(pl)m,bułany(pl)(horse coat color)
• Portuguese:pardo(pt)
• Russian:серова́то-кори́чневый(ru)(serováto-koríčnevyj)
• Scottish Gaelic:odhar
• Spanish:pardo(es)
• Swedish:gråbrun(sv)
• Turkish:boz(tr)

Derived terms

• donkey(uncertain)
• dun-bar
• dunbird
• dun crow
• dun diver
• dunfish
• dunness
• dunnish
• dunnock
• dunny
• dunsel

See also

• bawn
• durmast oak
• Appendix:Colors

Etymology 2

Unknown; perhaps a variant ofdin.Several sources suggest origin fromJoe Dun,the name of a bailiff known for arresting debtors, but this is controversial.

Noun

dun(pluralduns)

1. (countable)A collector ofdebts,especially one who isinsistentanddemanding.
   • 1837,L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon],Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides.[…],volume II, London:Henry Colburn,[…],→OCLC,pages162–163:

     "The truth is, Mr. Curl, I cannot write when I am plagued about trifles; and a tiresomedunthis morning put to flight every idea that I had in the world. "
     "Mr. Maynard," said the bookseller, in a solemn tone, "it is very wrong to run in debt."

   • 1889[1712], John Arbuthnot,The History of John Bull,London: Cassell & Co.,→OCLC,page71:

     Look ye, gentlemen, I have lived with credit in the world, and it grieves my heart never to stir out of my doors but to be pulled by the sleeve by some rascallydunor other.

   • 1933January 9,George Orwell[pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], chapter XVIII, inDown and Out in Paris and London,London:Victor Gollancz[…],→OCLC:

     Melancholydunscame looking for him at all hours.

   • 1970,John Glassco,Memoirs of Montparnasse,New York, published2007,page102:

     ‘Frank's worried aboutduns,’ she said as the butler went away.

2. An urgent request or demand of payment.
   • 1842,A.B.G., “Errata”, inEvangelical Magazine and Gospel Advocate,volume13,→OCLC,page251:

     Miss Hoppin received adunfor volume 9 1840–1 which Mr. James McConnell, (who now pays the above) is sure was paid.

Translations

a collector of debts

• Finnish:perijä(fi),velkoja(fi)

Verb

dun(third-person singular simple presentduns,present participledunning,simple past and past participledunned)

1. (transitive)To ask or beset a debtor for payment.
   • 1768,Jonathan Swift,The Works of Dr. Jonathan Swift,London: C. Bathurst,→OCLC,Miscellanies in Verse, page309:

     And hath she sent so soon todun?

   • 1749,Henry Fielding,The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling,volume(please specify |volume=I to VI),London:A[ndrew]Millar,[…],→OCLC:
     Folio Society 1973, p. 577:

     Of all he had received from Lady Bellaston, not above five guineas remained and that very morning he had beendunnedby a tradesman for twice that sum.

2. (transitive)To harass by continually repeating e.g. a request.
   • 1940,Raymond Chandler,Farewell, My Lovely,Penguin, published2010,page107:

     Rich bitches who had to bedunnedfor their milk bills would pay him right now.

Derived terms

• dun letter

Translations

to ask for payment

• Czech:upomínatimpf,urgovat(cs)impf,vymáhat zaplacení
• Dutch:afpersen(nl)
• Finnish:periä(fi),velkoa(fi),karhuta(fi)
• Japanese:Mượn kim の thúc giục(ja)(しゃっきん の さいそく, shakkin no saisoku)
• Portuguese:cobrar(pt)

to harass by continually repeating a request

• Finnish:tivata(fi),perätä(fi)
• Polish:przymawiaćsięimpf,przymówićsiępf

Etymology 3

Uncertain; likely from the color.

Noun

dun(pluralduns)

1. (countable)A newly hatched, immaturemayfly;a mayflysubimago.
   • 1966,John Harris,An Angler's Entomology,New York: Barnes,→OCLC,page16:

     Also,dunsare dull and generally sober colored, whilst spinners are more brightly colored and shining and their wings are clear and transparent.

2. (countable,fishing)Aflymade to resemble the mayfly subimago.
   • 1676,Charles Cotton,The Compleat Angler. Being Instructions how to Angle for a Trout or Grayling in a Clear Stream,London: Richard Marriott, and Henry Brome,→OCLC,March, page59:

     We have besides for this Month a littleDuncall'd a whirling Dun (though it is not the whirling Dun indeed, which is one of the best Flies we have) and for this the dubbing must be of the bottom fur of a Squirrels tail and the wing of the grey feather of a Drake.

Synonyms

• subimago

Translations

immature mayfly

• Finnish:esiaikuinen,subimago

Etymology 4

FromIrishdúnorScottish Gaelicdùn,fromProto-Celtic*dūnom(“fortress”).Cognate withWelshdinas(“city”).Doubletoftown.

Alternative forms

• doon
• dún

Noun

dun(pluralduns)

2. An ancient or medieval fortification;especiallyahill-fortin Scotland or Ireland.
   • 1858,Henry MacLauchlan,Memoir written during a survey of the Roman Wall, through the counties of Northumberland and Cumberland, in the years 1852-1854,London: Printed for private circulation,→OCLC,page 9:

     Pampedun, or Pandon, was probably a place of residence from the earliest times; its sheltered situation for boats, and proximity to the ancient way over the river, protected perhaps by adunorcamp,on the height above [...] possibly gave origin to the ancient name of the place, Pampedun, from the Britishpant,ahollow,anddun,afortorcamp,Pant-y-dun.

3. (archaeology)A structure in the Orkney or Shetland islands or in Scotland consisting of aroundhousesurrounded by a circular wall; abroch.
   • 2013,T.J. Clarkson,The Makers of Scotland: Picts, Romans, Gaels and Vikings,Edinburgh: Birlinn,→ISBN:

     Smaller than the broch was thedun,another type of stone-built 'roundhouse'.

Etymology 5

Seedo.

Verb

dun

1. (nonstandard,informal)Eye dialectspelling ofdone:pastparticipleofdo

   Now, yadunit!

   • 1895May, S.L.N. Foote, “Correspondence”, inInternational Journal of Medicine and Surgery‎^[2],volume 8, retrieved 2016–10–13, page194:

     ...a wise old lady exclaimed, "Why Mrs. M. warn't you orful skeerd wunst when you seed a dog fight? [...] an that ere big yaller dog bit orf your baby's hand that minit; in cors hedunit, so now that settles it. "

   • 2001April 1, Robert Frost,Poems by Robert Frost: A Boy's Will and North of Boston‎^[3],Penguin,→ISBN,→OCLC:

     “Oh, Because I want their dollar.
     I don't want Anything they've not got. I neverdun.
     I'm there, and they can pay me if they like.
     I go nowhere on purpose: I happen by.
     Sorry there is no cup to give you a drink.[…]

2. (nonstandard,informal)Pronunciation spellingofdon't:contraction ofdo+not.
   • 1901,Gilbert Parker,The Right of Way,New York and London: Harper,→OCLC:

     Fwhere's he come from, Idun'no'. French or English, Idun'no'. But a gintleman born, I know.

Etymology 6

Likely from the color of fish so prepared.

Verb

dun(third-person singular simple presentduns,present participledunning,simple past and past participledunned)

1. (transitive,dated)Tocure,ascodfish,by laying them, aftersalting,in a pile in a dark place, covered withsaltgrassor a similar substance.
   • 1832,James Thacher,History of Plymouth; from its first settlement in 1620, to the year 1832,Boston: Marsh, Capen & Lyon,→OCLC,page317:

     Dun-fishare of a superior quality for the table, and are cured in such a manner as to give them a dun or brownish color. Fish fordunningare caught early in spring, and sometimes February, at the Isle of Shoals.

Etymology 7

Seedune.

Noun

dun(pluralduns)

1. Amoundor smallhill.

Etymology 8

Imitative.

Interjection

dun

1. Imitating a deep bass note, such as that found in suspenseful music.
   • 2009,Carrie Tucker,I Love Geeks: The Official Handbook,Avon, Massachusetts: Adams Media,→ISBN:

     How wouldyoudeal with that power? (Dun, dun, DUN!Insert dramatic music here.)

   • 2015,Lisa Dombrowski,The Films of Samuel Fuller: If You Die, I’ll Kill You,page113:

     Dun, dun! Dun, dun!As the music continues, the long shot of Griff's walk is broken down into repeating tight shots of his face, his legs, and his shifting point of view of Brockie.

   • 2016,Helen Russell,Leap Year: How small steps can make a giant difference:

     'DUN DUN DUN DUN-DUN-DUN-DUN! DUN DUN DUN DUNDUN-DUN-DUN... PRESSURE!' By 2.05 a.m. I am Very Awake Indeed and the catastrophising continues.

   • 2020,Spencer Hamilton,The Fear: A Pandemic Horror Novel:

     Whenever that iconic riff in the score cued up—Dun dun... dun dun... dun dun dun dun dun-dun-dun-dun... —Jack's heart would race, and she'd feel the fear on her skin.

Derived terms

• dun dun dun

Etymology 9

Noun

dun(pluralduns)

1. Alternative form ofdhoon(“Himalayan valley”)

See also

etymologically unrelated terms

• dun comma
• dun dun

References

• “dun”,inWebster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary,Springfield, Mass.:G. & C. Merriam,1913,→OCLC.

Anagrams

• DNU,und

Asturian

Etymology

FromLatindum.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/ˈdun/,[ˈd̪ũŋ]
• Rhymes:-uŋ
• Hyphenation:dun

Adverb

dun

1. (literaryorarchaic)meanwhile,in the mean time

   Synonyms:mentes,demientres,mentanto

Contraction

dunm(feminineduna,neuterduno,masculine pluraldunos,feminine pluraldunes)

1. (obsolete)ina(modernd'un)

References

• “dun”inDiccionario general de la lengua asturiana.Xosé Lluis García Arias.→ISBN.

Bambara

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):[dũ˦]

Verb

dun

1. toeat

References

• 2007.The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive.Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.

Basque

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/dun/[d̪ũn]
• Rhymes:-un
• Hyphenation:dun

Verb

dun

1. Informal second-person singular feminine (hik), taking third-person singular (hura) as direct object, present indicative form ofizan.
2. Feminine allocutive form ofda.

Usage notes

Linguistically, this verb form can be seen as belonging to the reconstructed citation formeduninstead ofizan.

Danish

Etymology

FromOld Norsedúnn(“down”).Related todyne.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/duːn/,[d̥uːˀn]

Noun

dunn(singular definitedunet,plural indefinitedun)

1. down(soft, immature feathers)

Inflection

Declension ofdun

neuter gender	Singular		Plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	dun	dunet	dun	dunene
genitive	duns	dunets	duns	dunenes

See also

• “dun”inDen Danske Ordbog
• “dun”inOrdbog over det danske Sprog
• dunon the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia^da

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/dʏn/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation:dun
• Rhymes:-ʏn
• Homophone:Dun

Etymology 1

FromMiddle Dutchdunne,fromOld Dutch*thunni,fromProto-West Germanic*þunnī,fromProto-Germanic*þunnuz.Cognate with Englishthin(Compare West-Flemish thinne).

Adjective

dun(comparativedunner,superlativedunst)

1. thin,slender
2. sparse
3. (liquid)runny

Declension

Declension ofdun
uninflected	dun
inflected	dunne
comparative	dunner
		positive	comparative	superlative
predicative/adverbial		dun	dunner	hetdunst hetdunste
indefinite	m./f.sing.	dunne	dunnere	dunste
	n.sing.	dun	dunner	dunste
	plural	dunne	dunnere	dunste
definite		dunne	dunnere	dunste
partitive		duns	dunners	—

Antonyms

• dicht,dik

Derived terms

• dun schaduwmos
• dunbekwulp
• dundoek
• dunheid
• dunne darm
• dunnen,verdunnen
• dunschiller
• flinterdun

Descendants

• Afrikaans:dun
• Berbice Creole Dutch:doni
• Negerhollands:dun,din
• →Aukan:deni,doin

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the correspondinglemmaform.

Verb

dun

1. inflection ofdunnen:
   1. first-personsingularpresentindicative
   2. (in case ofinversion)second-personsingularpresentindicative
   3. imperative

Galician

Etymology

Fromde(“of”)+un(“masculine singular indefinite article”).

Contraction

dunm(femininedunha,masculine pluralduns,feminine pluraldunhas)

1. Contraction ofdeun.Froma;ofa

Further reading

• “dun, dunha”,inDicionario da Real Academia Galega(in Galician), A Coruña:Royal Galician Academy,2012–2024

German

Alternative forms

• duhn

Etymology

BorrowedfromLow Germanduun.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/duːn/

• Audio:

  (file)

Adjective

dun(strong nominative masculine singularduner,comparativeduner,superlativeamdunsten)

1. (colloquial,chieflyNorthern Germany)drunk
   • 1998,“Du (äh, Du)”, inPower,performed by Fischmob:

     Ich wardundie Nacht
     Und hatte mit chemischen Drogen aus Amerika herumexperimentiert
     Bis ich das Bewußtsein verlor

     I wasdrunkthat night / and had experimented with synthetic drugs from America / until I lost consciousness

Declension

Positive forms ofdun

number & gender		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter
predicative		eristdun	sieistdun	esistdun	siesinddun
strong declension (without article)	nominative	duner	dune	dunes	dune
	genitive	dunen	duner	dunen	duner
	dative	dunem	duner	dunem	dunen
	accusative	dunen	dune	dunes	dune
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	derdune	diedune	dasdune	diedunen
	genitive	desdunen	derdunen	desdunen	derdunen
	dative	demdunen	derdunen	demdunen	dendunen
	accusative	dendunen	diedune	dasdune	diedunen
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	einduner	einedune	eindunes	(keine)dunen
	genitive	einesdunen	einerdunen	einesdunen	(keiner)dunen
	dative	einemdunen	einerdunen	einemdunen	(keinen)dunen
	accusative	einendunen	einedune	eindunes	(keine)dunen

Comparative forms ofdun

number & gender		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter
predicative		eristduner	sieistduner	esistduner	siesindduner
strong declension (without article)	nominative	dunerer	dunere	duneres	dunere
	genitive	duneren	dunerer	duneren	dunerer
	dative	dunerem	dunerer	dunerem	duneren
	accusative	duneren	dunere	duneres	dunere
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	derdunere	diedunere	dasdunere	dieduneren
	genitive	desduneren	derduneren	desduneren	derduneren
	dative	demduneren	derduneren	demduneren	denduneren
	accusative	denduneren	diedunere	dasdunere	dieduneren
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	eindunerer	einedunere	einduneres	(keine)duneren
	genitive	einesduneren	einerduneren	einesduneren	(keiner)duneren
	dative	einemduneren	einerduneren	einemduneren	(keinen)duneren
	accusative	einenduneren	einedunere	einduneres	(keine)duneren

Superlative forms ofdun

number & gender		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter
predicative		eristamdunsten	sieistamdunsten	esistamdunsten	siesindamdunsten
strong declension (without article)	nominative	dunster	dunste	dunstes	dunste
	genitive	dunsten	dunster	dunsten	dunster
	dative	dunstem	dunster	dunstem	dunsten
	accusative	dunsten	dunste	dunstes	dunste
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	derdunste	diedunste	dasdunste	diedunsten
	genitive	desdunsten	derdunsten	desdunsten	derdunsten
	dative	demdunsten	derdunsten	demdunsten	dendunsten
	accusative	dendunsten	diedunste	dasdunste	diedunsten
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	eindunster	einedunste	eindunstes	(keine)dunsten
	genitive	einesdunsten	einerdunsten	einesdunsten	(keiner)dunsten
	dative	einemdunsten	einerdunsten	einemdunsten	(keinen)dunsten
	accusative	einendunsten	einedunste	eindunstes	(keine)dunsten

Further reading

• “dun”inDigitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
• “dun”in Uni Leipzig:Wortschatz-Lexikon
• “dun”inDudenonline

Hunsrik

Etymology

InheritedfromCentral Franconiandun,fromMiddle High Germanduon,fromOld High Germanduon,fromProto-West Germanic*dōn,fromProto-Germanic*dōną,ultimately fromProto-Indo-European*dʰeh₁-.

Cognate withGermantun,KölschdunnandLuxembourgishdoen.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/tuːn/,/toːn/
• Rhymes:-uːn,-oːn
• Hyphenation:dun

Verb

dun

1. (auxiliary,with an infinitive)will;to be going (to do something);forms the future tense

   Ichdundas mache.

   Iwilldo that.

2. (auxiliary,with an infinitive)to be;forms the progressive aspect

   Wasdun-se mache.

   Whatarethey doing.

3. (transitive,with an accusative object)toput,toplace,toadd

   Synonym:stelle

   Dumol en bissje Eis in de Suco.

   Putsome ice in the juice.

4. (intransitive,with an accusative object)todo

   Heit hon-ich nichs sedun.

   I have nothing todotoday.

Conjugation

Irregular with conditional mood
infinitive	dun
participle	gedun
auxiliary	hon
	present indicative	conditional	imperative
ich	dun	däd	—
du	dust	däst	du
er/sie/es	dud	däd	—
meer	dun	däde	—
deer	dud	däd	dud
sie	dun	däde	—
The use of the present participle is uncommon, but can be made with the suffix -end.

Derived terms

• mitdun
• wechdun

Kiput

Etymology

FromProto-North Sarawak*daqun,fromProto-Malayo-Polynesian*dahun(compareMalaydaun).

Noun

dun

1. leaf

Mandarin

Romanization

dun

1. Nonstandardspelling ofdūn.
2. Nonstandardspelling ofdǔn.
3. Nonstandardspelling ofdùn.

Usage notes

• Transcriptionsof Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the criticaltonaldifferences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

FromOld Norsedúnn.

Noun

dunform(definite singulardunaordunen,indefinite pluralduner,definite pluraldunene)
dunn(definite singulardunet,indefinite pluraldun,definite pluraldunaordunene)

1. down(soft, fine fluffy feathers)

References

• “dun”inThe Bokmål Dictionary.
• “dun”inDet Norske Akademis ordbok(NAOB).

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

FromOld Norsedúnnm.

Noun

dunforn(definite singulardunaordunet,indefinite pluraldunerordun,definite pluralduneneorduna)

1. down(soft, fine fluffy feathers)

References

• “dun”inThe Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old English

Etymology

FromProto-West Germanic*dūnu,*dūnā(“sand dune”),possibly fromProto-Germanic*dūnaz(“heap, pile”),fromProto-Indo-European*dʰewh₂-(“to smoke, fume, raise dust”);or alternatively a late borrowing fromProto-Celtic*dūnomfrom the same Proto-Indo-European source.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/duːn/

Noun

dūnf

1. hill,mountain
   • Old English Heptateuch,Genesis 22:2

     "Nim þīnne āncennedan sunu Īsaac, þe þū lufast, and far tō þām landeVisionishraþe, and ġeoffra hine þǣr uppan ānredūne."

     "Take your only-begotten son Isaac, whom you love, and quickly go to the land ofVisionis,and sacrifice him there upon amountain."

Declension

Declension ofdūn(strong ō-stem)

Case	Singular	Plural
nominative	dūn	dūna,dūne
accusative	dūne	dūna,dūne
genitive	dūne	dūna
dative	dūne	dūnum

Derived terms

• ofdūne

Descendants

• Middle English:doun,doune
  • English:down
  • Scots:doun,down

Old French

Etymology

FromLatindonum.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/dun/

Noun

dunoblique singular,m(oblique pluralduns,nominative singularduns,nominative pluraldun)

1. (Anglo-Norman)Alternative form ofdon
   • c.1150,Turoldus,La Chanson de Roland:

     E tute Espaigne tendrat par vostredun

     And all of Spain he will hold as your gift

Old Irish

Article

dun

1. Alternative form ofdon(“to/for the”)

Sranan Tongo

Etymology

Probably fromEwedūn(“stare, unmoving gaze”).

Ideophone

dun

1. Signifiesastonishment,bewilderment,stupefaction

Swedish

Etymology

FromOld Norsedúnn(“down”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/dʉːn/

Noun

dunn

1. down(soft, fine fluffy feathers)

Declension

Declension ofdun

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	dun	duns
	definite	dunet	dunets
plural	indefinite	dun	duns
	definite	dunen	dunens

Related terms

• dunboll
• dunbolster
• dunbädd
• dunig
• dunighet
• dunjacka
• dunkudde
• dunlätt
• dunmjuk
• duntäcke
• dununge
• dunört
• ejderdun
• gåsdun

References

• duninSvenska Akademiens ordlista(SAOL)

Volapük

Etymology

Blend ofEnglishdoandGermantun(“to do”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/dun/

Noun

dun(nominative pluralduns)

1. deed,action,act,doing

   Synonym:dunam

Declension

declension ofdun

	singular	plural
nominative	dun	duns
genitive	duna	dunas
dative	dune	dunes
accusative	duni	dunis
vocative1	odun!	oduns!
predicative2	dunu	dunus

• ¹status as a case is disputed
• ²in later, non-classical Volapük only

Derived terms

• dunam(“act”)
• dunön(“to do”)

Welsh

Pronunciation

• (North Wales)IPA^(key):/dɨ̞n/
• (South Wales)IPA^(key):/dɪn/

Noun

dun

1. Soft mutation oftun(“tin”).

Mutation

Mutated formsoftun

radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
tun	dun	nhun	thun

Note:Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Wolof

Noun

dun(definite formdunbi)

1. island

Yoruba

Etymology 1

Cognates includeItsekiriyọ̀n,Olukumiyọ̀n,Ifèɖɔ̃̀.Likely from the same root asyọ̀nand the /y/ alternatives.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/dũ̀/

Verb

dùn

1. to besweet,to bepleasant

Usage notes

• it induces a high tone syllable when followed by another verb, becomingdùn-únand subcategorizes an embedded clause.

Synonyms

Yoruba Varieties and Languages -dùn(“to besweet”)
view map;edit data
Language Family	Variety Group	Variety/Language	Location	Words
Proto-Itsekiri-SEY	Southeast Yoruba	Ào	Ìdóàní	yàn
		Ìdànrè	Ìdànrè	yùn
		Ìjẹ̀bú	Ìjẹ̀bú Òde	yùn
			Ìkòròdú	yùn
			Ṣágámù	yùn
			Ẹ̀pẹ́	yùn
		Ìkálẹ̀	Òkìtìpupa	yọ̀n
		Ìlàjẹ	Mahin	yọ̀n
		Oǹdó	Oǹdó	yọ̀n
		Ọ̀wọ̀	Ọ̀wọ̀	yọ̀n
	Ìtsẹkírì		Ìwẹrẹ	yọ̀n
	Olùkùmi		Ugbódù	yọ̀n
Proto-Yoruba	Central Yoruba	Èkìtì	Àdó Èkìtì	yụ̀n,dụ̀n
			Àkúrẹ́	yụ̀n,dụ̀n
			Ọ̀tùn Èkìtì	yụ̀n,dụ̀n
	Northwest Yoruba	Àwórì	Èbúté Mẹ́tà	dùn
		Èkó	Èkó	dùn
		Ìbàdàn	Ìbàdàn	dùn
		Ìlọrin	Ìlọrin	dùn
		Oǹkó	Ìtẹ̀síwájú LGA	dọ̀n
			Ìwàjówà LGA	dọ̀n
			Kájọlà LGA	dùn
			Ìsẹ́yìn LGA	dọ̀n
			Ṣakí West LGA	dọ̀n
			Atisbo LGA	dùn
			Ọlọ́runṣògo LGA	dùn
		Ọ̀yọ́	Ọ̀yọ́	dùn
		StandardYorùbá	Nàìjíríà	dùn
			Bɛ̀nɛ̀	dùn
	Northeast Yoruba/Okun	Ìyàgbà	Yàgbà East LGA	dùn
		Owé	Kabba	dùn
	Ede Languages/Southwest Yoruba	Ifɛ̀	Akpáré	ɖɔ̃̀
			Atakpamé	ɖɔ̃̀
			Tchetti	ɖɔ̃̀

Derived terms

• adùn(“sweetness”)
• dídùn(“sweet”)
• gbádùn(“to enjoy”)
• jadùn
• kúndùn
• ìdùn
• ìdùnnú(“happiness”)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/dũ̀/

Verb

dùn

1. tohurt,to bepainful(physically)

   egbò ńdùnmí―The ulcer ishurtingme

2. to bepainful(mentally)

   ódùnmí pé ó kú―Itpainedme that she died

Usage notes

• dunbefore a direct object

Derived terms

• ìdùn
• adùn(“pain”)

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/dṹ/

Verb

dún

1. (transitive)toemitasound

   ẹyẹ yìídún―This birdmade a sound

Derived terms

• ìdún(“sonority”)
• adún(“sonorous”)