sur

See also:Appendix:Variations of "sur"

Asturian

Noun

surm(uncountable)

1. south

Basque

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/s̺ur/,[s̺ur]

Noun

surinan

1. (Biscayan)Alternative form ofsudur

Further reading

• “sudur”,inEuskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia,Euskaltzaindia
• “sur”,inOrotariko Euskal Hiztegia,Euskaltzaindia,1987–2005

Cornish

Etymology

FromFrenchsûr.

Pronunciation

• (Revived Middle Cornish)IPA^(key):/ˈsyːr/
• (Revived Late Cornish)IPA^(key):/ˈsiːr/,/ˈziːr/

Adjective

sur

1. certain,sure

Danish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/sur/,[suɐ̯ˀ]
• Rhymes:-ur

Etymology 1

Verbal noun tosurre(“to whirr”)(imitative).

Noun

surn(singular definitesurret,plural indefinitesur)

1. whirr(a sibilant buzz or vibration from insect wings)

Declension

Declension ofsur

neuter gender	Singular		Plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	sur	surret	sur	surrene
genitive	surs	surrets	surs	surrenes

Etymology 2

FromOld Norsesúrr(“sour”),fromProto-Germanic*sūraz,fromProto-Indo-European*súHros.

Adjective

sur

1. sour(having an acid, sharp or tangy taste)
2. (chemistry)acidic
3. (of dairy products)spoiled
4. (of a person or communication)surly,cross,annoyed,sulky,sore
5. (of work or situation)unpleasant

Inflection

Inflection ofsur
	Positive	Comparative	Superlative
Indefinte common singular	sur	surere	surest2
Indefinite neuter singular	surt	surere	surest2
Plural	sure	surere	surest2
Definite attributive1	sure	surere	sureste
1) When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite, the corresponding "indefinite" form is used. 2) The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.

Esperanto

Etymology

FromFrenchsur.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/sur/

• Audio:

  (file)

Preposition

sur

1. on,upon

Derived terms

• surhavi
• surmeti

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/syʁ/

• Audio(France):

  (file)

• Homophones:sûr,sûre,surent,sûres,sûrs
• Rhymes:-yʁ

Etymology 1

InheritedfromMiddle Frenchsur,fromOld Frenchsur,seur,sor,soure,souvre,sovre(“on, upon, over”),fromLatinsuper(“over, on, above”),from *eks-uper,from*h₁eǵʰs(“out of”)(Latinex) and*upér(“above”),from*upo.Doubletofsuper,a borrowing. Cognate withOld Englishofer(“over, above”).More atover.

Preposition

sur

1. on,upon
2. on top of
3. fromon top of
4. above
5. out of

   septsurdix―sevenout often

6. in the case of
7. about,concerning
8. (informal,France)in(a place)

   Synonyms:à,en,dans

   surParis―inParis

Synonyms

• (above):au-dessus de
• sur ce

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of“on”):sous
• (antonym(s) of“on top of”):dessous
• (antonym(s) of“above”):au-dessous de

Etymology 2

InheritedfromMiddle Frenchsur,fromOld Frenchsur(“sour, bitter”),fromFrankish*sūr(“acidic, sour”),fromProto-Germanic*sūraz(“sour”).More atEnglishsour.

Adjective

sur(femininesure,masculine pluralsurs,feminine pluralsures)

1. sour

See also

• sûr(adjective, "sure" )
• sur-

Further reading

• “sur”,inTrésor de la langue française informatisé[Digitized Treasury of the French Language],2012.

Galician

Alternative forms

• S

Etymology

Borrowed fromFrenchsud,fromOld Englishsuþ,fromProto-Germanic*sunþrą.

Noun

surm(pluralsures)

1. (uncountable)south(cardinal direction)
2. (uncountable)thesouthernportionof a territory or region
3. (countable)asouthern;awindblowing from the south

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of“south”):norte,setentrión
• (antonym(s) of“southern portion”):norte

Coordinate terms

• leste
• norte
• occidente

Derived terms

Derived terms

• América do Sur
• Cruz do Sur
• polo Sur
• surleste
• suroeste

Further reading

• “sur”,inDicionario da Real Academia Galega(in Galician), A Coruña:Royal Galician Academy,2012–2024

Ido

Etymology

Borrowed fromFrenchsur,Italiansu.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/ˈsur/

Preposition

sur

1. on

Italian

Etymology

FromLatinsuper(“above”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/ˈsur/
• Rhymes:-ur
• Hyphenation:sùr

Preposition

sur

1. (archaic)Alternative form ofsuused before words beginning with u (especially indefinite articles)

   surun tavolo―ona table

Further reading

• surin Treccani.it –Vocabolario Treccani on line,Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Maltese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/suːr/

Etymology 1

FromArabicسُور(sūr).

Noun

surm(pluralswar)

1. wall,rampart
   • 1949,Anton Buttigieg,“Il-Bejta fis-Sur”, inMill-Gallerija ta’ Żgħożiti:

     U tela’ għas-sur,wisq imgħaddab,
     u kaxkar kull xitla, kull żrara,
     u l-bejta dlonk ħataf, ġarr miegħu
     bl-għasafar, jaħasra xi ħsara!

     (pleaseadd an English translationof this quotation)

2. bastion
3. rock

Etymology 2

Contraction ofsinjur,fromSiciliansignuri.

Noun

surm(usuallyuncountable)

1. mister,sir

   is-SurButtiġieġ―MrButtigieg

Middle English

Adjective

sur

1. Alternative form ofsure

Middle High German

Etymology

FromOld High Germansūr,fromProto-West Germanic*sūr,fromProto-West Germanic*sūr,fromProto-Germanic*sūraz,fromProto-Indo-European*suHrós.

Adjective

sūr

1. sour

Declension

Positive forms ofsūr

number & gender		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter	nonneuter	neuter
strong declension	nominative	sūrer	sūriu	sūreȥ	sūre	sūriu
	genitive	sūres	sūrer(e)	sūres	sūrer(e)
	dative	sūrem(e)	sūrer(e)	sūrem(e)	sūren
	accusative	sūren	sūre	sūreȥ	sūre	sūriu
weak declension	nominative	dërsūre	diusūre	daȥsūre	diesūren	diusūren
	genitive	dëssūren	dërsūren	dëssūren	dërsūren
	dative	dëmsūren	dërsūren	dëmsūren	dënsūren
	accusative	dënsūren	diesūren	daȥsūre	diesūren	diusūren

Descendants

• Central Franconian:suur,souer(Moselle Franconian)
• German:sauer
• Luxembourgish:sauer
• Vilamovian:zaojwer
• Yiddish:זויער(zoyer)
• →Polish:żur

References

• “sur”inMittelhochdeutsches Handwörterbuch,Matthias von Lexer,3 vols., Leipzig 1872–1878.
• Köbler, Gerhard,Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch(3rd edition 2014)

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

FromOld Norsesúrr,fromProto-Germanic*sūraz,fromProto-Indo-European*súHros.Cognate withDanishsur,Icelandicsúr,Dutchzuur,EnglishsourandGermansauer.

Adjective

sur(neuter singularsurt,definite singular and pluralsure,comparativesurere,indefinite superlativesurest,definite superlativesureste)

1. sour(e.g. the characteristic taste of alemon)
2. In a badtemper,sulky
3. acidic

   surnedbør―acidrain

4. cold,unpleasant(often about weather)

   Det ersurtute.

   The weather is unpleasant outside

   Han prøver å gjøre livetsurtfor meg.

   He's trying to make life difficult for me.

Synonyms

• (taste):skarp,snerpende
• (bad temper):gretten,sint

Antonyms

• søt
• blid,glad

Derived terms

• surdeig

Related terms

• syrlig

References

• “sur”inThe Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

FromOld Norsesúrr,fromProto-Germanic*sūraz,fromProto-Indo-European*súHros.Cognate withDanishsur,Icelandicsúr,Dutchzuur,EnglishsourandGermansauer.

Adjective

sur(neuter singularsurt,definite singular and pluralsure,comparativesurare,indefinite superlativesurast,definite superlativesuraste)

1. sour
2. acidic

   surnedbør―acidrain

3. bad-tempered,annoyed,in a foul mood

   Synonym:gretten

4. used about oldsockswhich are smelling bad

Derived terms

• surdeig

References

• “sur”inThe Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old English

Etymology

FromProto-West Germanic*sūr.Cognate withOld Saxonsūr,Old High Germansūr,Old Norsesúrr.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/suːr/

Adjective

sūr

1. sour

Declension

Declension ofsūr— Strong

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	sūr	sūr	sūr
Accusative	sūrne	sūre	sūr
Genitive	sūres	sūrre	sūres
Dative	sūrum	sūrre	sūrum
Instrumental	sūre	sūrre	sūre
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	sūre	sūra,sūre	sūr
Accusative	sūre	sūra,sūre	sūr
Genitive	sūrra	sūrra	sūrra
Dative	sūrum	sūrum	sūrum
Instrumental	sūrum	sūrum	sūrum

Declension ofsūr— Weak

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	sūra	sūre	sūre
Accusative	sūran	sūran	sūre
Genitive	sūran	sūran	sūran
Dative	sūran	sūran	sūran
Instrumental	sūran	sūran	sūran
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	sūran	sūran	sūran
Accusative	sūran	sūran	sūran
Genitive	sūrra,sūrena	sūrra,sūrena	sūrra,sūrena
Dative	sūrum	sūrum	sūrum
Instrumental	sūrum	sūrum	sūrum

Derived terms

• sūrnes

Descendants

• Middle English:sur,sour
  • English:sour
  • Scots:sour,soor

Old French

Etymology 1

Borrowed fromFrankish*sūr(“acidic, sour”).1160 CE.

Adjective

surm(oblique and nominative feminine singularsure)

1. sour,bitter

Descendants

• Middle French:sur,sour
  • French:sur
• Walloon:Sắc r(Forrières)

Etymology 2

Preposition

sur

1. Alternative form ofseur

Old High German

Etymology

FromProto-West Germanic*sūr,fromProto-West Germanic*sūr,fromProto-Germanic*sūraz,fromProto-Indo-European*suHrós.

Adjective

sūr

1. sour

Descendants

• Middle High German:sūr
  • Central Franconian:suur,souer(Moselle Franconian)
  • German:sauer
  • Luxembourgish:sauer
  • Vilamovian:zaojwer
  • Yiddish:זויער(zoyer)
  • →Polish:żur

Old Swedish

Etymology

FromOld Norsesúrr,fromProto-Germanic*sūraz.

Adjective

sūr

1. sour

Declension

Declension ofsūr(strong)

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	sūr	sūr	sūrt
accusative	sūran	sūra	sūrt
dative	sūrum sūrom	sūrri sūrre	sūru sūro
genitive	sūrs	sūrrar	sūrs
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	sūrir sūrer	sūrar	sūr
accusative	sūra	sūrar	sūr
dative	sūrum sūrom	sūrum sūrom	sūrum sūrom
genitive	sūrra sūra	sūrra sūra	sūrra sūra

Declension ofsūr(weak)

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	sūri sūre	sūra	sūra
accusative	sūra	sūru sūro	sūra
dative	sūra	sūru sūro	sūra
genitive	sūra	sūru sūro	sūra
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	sūru sūro	sūru sūro	sūru sūro
accusative	sūru sūro	sūru sūro	sūru sūro
dative	sūru sūro	sūru sūro	sūru sūro
genitive	sūru sūro	sūru sūro	sūru sūro

Descendants

• Swedish:sur

Prasuni

Alternative forms

• suru(Pronz)

Etymology

FromProto-Nuristani*sara,fromProto-Indo-Iranian*sáras,fromProto-Indo-European*sélos.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/suɾ/

Noun

sur(Pashki)

1. lake
2. pond

Rohingya

Alternative forms

• 𐴏𐴟𐴌(sur)—Hanifi Rohingya script

Etymology

FromSanskritचोर(cora).

Noun

sur(Hanifi spelling𐴏𐴟𐴌)

1. thief

Related terms

• suri/𐴏𐴟𐴌𐴞(suri)

Romanian

Etymology

Most likely from aSlaviclanguage. CompareBulgarianсур(sur),Serbo-Croatiansur.A less likely etymology connects it to Latinsyrus,or links it with Italiansoro.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/sur/

Adjective

surmorn(feminine singularsură,masculine pluralsuri,feminine and neuter pluralsure)

1. grey

   Synonyms:gri,brumăriu

Declension

Declension ofsur

		singular			plural
		masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine	neuter	feminine
nominative/ accusative	indefinite	sur		sură	suri	sure
	definite	surul		sura	surii	surele
genitive/ dative	indefinite	sur		sure	suri	sure
	definite	surului		surei	surelor	surilor

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Comparesurov.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/sûːr/

Adjective

sȗr(Cyrillic spellingсу̑р,definitesȗrī)

1. (expressive,literary)ash-gray
2. (expressive,literary,figurative)gray,gloomy(of weather)
3. (expressive,literary,figurative)glum,stern,scowling,sullen(of person's face or mood)

Declension

indefinite forms

singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		sur	sura	suro
genitive		sura	sure	sura
dative		suru	suroj	suru
accusative	inanimate animate	sur sura	suru	suro
vocative		sur	sura	suro
locative		suru	suroj	suru
instrumental		surim	surom	surim
plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		suri	sure	sura
genitive		surih	surih	surih
dative		surim(a)	surim(a)	surim(a)
accusative		sure	sure	sura
vocative		suri	sure	sura
locative		surim(a)	surim(a)	surim(a)
instrumental		surim(a)	surim(a)	surim(a)

definite forms

singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		suri	sura	suro
genitive		surog(a)	sure	surog(a)
dative		surom(u/e)	suroj	surom(u/e)
accusative	inanimate animate	suri surog(a)	suru	suro
vocative		suri	sura	suro
locative		surom(e/u)	suroj	surom(e/u)
instrumental		surim	surom	surim
plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		suri	sure	sura
genitive		surih	surih	surih
dative		surim(a)	surim(a)	surim(a)
accusative		sure	sure	sura
vocative		suri	sure	sura
locative		surim(a)	surim(a)	surim(a)
instrumental		surim(a)	surim(a)	surim(a)

References

• “sur”,inHrvatski jezični portal(in Serbo-Croatian),2006–2024

Spanish

Etymology

BorrowedfromFrenchsud,fromOld Englishsuþ,fromProto-Germanic*sunþrą.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/ˈsuɾ/[ˈsuɾ]

• Audio(Colombia):

  (file)

• Rhymes:-uɾ
• Syllabification:sur

Noun

surm(pluralsures)

1. south

   Antonym:norte

Coordinate terms

• (compass points)puntos cardinales;

noroeste	norte	noreste
oeste		este
suroeste	sur	sureste

Derived terms

• belloto del sur
• polo sur
• Suramérica
• suramericano
• sureño

Related terms

• sud
• Sudamérica

See also

• austral
• meridional

Further reading

• “sur”,inDiccionario de la lengua española(in Spanish), online version 23.7,Royal Spanish Academy,2023 November 28

Sumerian

Romanization

sur

1. Romanization of𒋩(sur)

Swedish

Etymology

FromOld Swedishsūr,fromOld Norsesúrr,fromProto-Germanic*sūraz,fromProto-Indo-European*súHros.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/sʉːr/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes:-ʉːr

Adjective

sur(comparativesurare,superlativesurast)

1. sour(having the characteristic taste of for example a lemon or vinegar)
2. sour(rancid)

   surmjölk

   sourmilk

3. acidic

   surjord

   acidicsoil

4. angry,annoyed

   Jag blir så jäklasurnär han gör så där

   I get so damnangrywhen he does that

5. bad,sour(of a feeling or the like)

   Det kännssurtatt vi förlorade

   It feelsbadthat we lost

6. wet,damp(of something that should be dry)

   surastrumpor

   wetsocks

Declension

Inflection ofsur
Indefinite	Positive	Comparative	Superlative2
Common singular	sur	surare	surast
Neuter singular	surt	surare	surast
Plural	sura	surare	surast
Masculine plural3	sure	surare	surast
Definite	Positive	Comparative	Superlative
Masculine singular1	sure	surare	suraste
All	sura	surare	suraste
1) Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine. 2) The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative. 3) Dated or archaic

Derived terms

• det kommer surt efter
• dyngsur
• sur som ättika
• sura
• surkart
• surströmming
• surt sa räven

See also

• syrlig(“slightly sour”)

References

• surinSvensk ordbok(SO)
• surinSvenska Akademiens ordlista(SAOL)
• surinSvenska Akademiens ordbok(SAOB)

Anagrams

• urs

Tagalog

Etymology

BorrowedfromSpanishsur,fromFrenchsud,fromMiddle Frenchsud,fromOld Frenchsu,sud(“south”),aGermanicborrowing, fromOld Englishsūþ(“south”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog)IPA^(key):/ˈsuɾ/[ˈsuɾ]
• Rhymes:-uɾ
• Syllabification:sur

Noun

sur(Baybayin spellingᜐᜓᜇ᜔)(uncommon)

1. south(compass point)

   Synonym:timog

   • 1985,Francisco Soc Rodrigo,Mga tula at tilamsik ng diwa:

     At, sa angkan naman ng ating First Lady, si Kokoy, na siyang governor ng Leyte, Ay embahador pa sa lahat ng parte - Sa este't oeste, sasurat sa norte!

     (pleaseadd an English translationof this quotation)

Coordinate terms

hilagang kanluran norweste	hilaga norte	hilagang silangan nordeste
oksidente kanluran oeste		oryente silangan este
salatan timog-kanluran	sur timog	timog-silangan

Related terms

• Sur

Further reading

• “sur”atKWF Diksiyonaryo ng Wikang Filipino‎^[4],Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino,2021
• “sur”,inPambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph,Manila,2018

Turkish

Etymology 1

InheritedfromOttoman Turkishسور,fromArabicسُور(sūr).

Noun

sur(definite accusativesuru,pluralsurlar)

1. citywall

Etymology 2

InheritedfromOttoman Turkishصور,fromArabicصُور(ṣūr).

Noun

sur(definite accusativesuru,pluralsurlar)

1. horn

Welsh

Etymology

FromOld Englishsūr(“sour”).

Pronunciation

• (North Wales)IPA^(key):/sɨːr/
• (South Wales)IPA^(key):/siːr/
• Rhymes:-ɨːr
• Homophone:sir(South Wales)

Adjective

sur(feminine singularsur,pluralsurion,equativesured,comparativesurach,superlativesuraf,not mutable)

1. sour,acidic

   Synonyms:egr,chwibl,asidaidd,asidig

Noun

surm(uncountable,not mutable)

1. (obsolete)acid

   Synonym:asid

See also

Basic tastes in Welsh(layout·text)
melys	sur/egr	hallt	chwerw	sbeislyd	sawrus

Mutation

Mutated formsofsur

radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
sur	unchanged	unchanged	unchanged