1556
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | |
| Decades: | |
| Years: |
| 1556 by topic |
|---|
| Arts and science |
| Leaders |
| Birth and death categories |
| Births–Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments–Disestablishments |
| Works category |
| Gregorian calendar | 1556 MDLVI |
| Ab urbe condita | 2309 |
| Armenian calendar | 1005 ԹՎ ՌԵ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6306 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1477–1478 |
| Bengali calendar | 963 |
| Berber calendar | 2506 |
| English Regnal year | 2Ph.&M.– 3Ph.&M. |
| Buddhist calendar | 2100 |
| Burmese calendar | 918 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7064–7065 |
| Chinese calendar | Ất mãoNiên (WoodRabbit) 4253 or 4046 — to — Bính thần niên (FireDragon) 4254 or 4047 |
| Coptic calendar | 1272–1273 |
| Discordian calendar | 2722 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1548–1549 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5316–5317 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| -Vikram Samvat | 1612–1613 |
| -Shaka Samvat | 1477–1478 |
| -Kali Yuga | 4656–4657 |
| Holocene calendar | 11556 |
| Igbo calendar | 556–557 |
| Iranian calendar | 934–935 |
| Islamic calendar | 963–964 |
| Japanese calendar | Kōji2 ( hoằng trị ２ niên ) |
| Javanese calendar | 1475–1476 |
| Julian calendar | 1556 MDLVI |
| Korean calendar | 3889 |
| Minguo calendar | 356 beforeROC Dân tiền 356 niên |
| Nanakshahi calendar | 88 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2098–2099 |
| Tibetan calendar | Âm mộc thỏ niên (female Wood-Rabbit) 1682 or 1301 or 529 — to — Dương hỏa long niên (male Fire-Dragon) 1683 or 1302 or 530 |
Year1556(MDLVI) was aleap year starting on Wednesday(link will display the full calendar) of theJulian calendar.
Events
[edit]January–March
[edit]- January 4– In Japan,Saitō Yoshitatsu,the eldest son ofSaitō Dōsan,arranges the murders of his two younger brothers, Magoshiro and Kiheiji, and forces his father to flee from the Sagiyama Castle.
- January 16–Charles Vresigns the throne of theSpanish Empire(including his colonies in the New World) in favor of his son,Philip II,and retires to a monastery.[1]
- January 23– TheShaanxi earthquake,the deadliest earthquake in history, occurs with itsepicenterinShaanxiprovince, China; 830,000 people may have been killed.[2][3]
- January 24– In India, at theSher MandalinDelhi,the Mughal EmperorHumayuntrips while descending the stairs from his library and strikes the side of his head against a stone step, sustaining a fatal injury. He never regains consciousness and dies seven days later.[4]
- February 5–Truce of Vaucelles:Fighting temporarily ends betweenFranceandSpain.[5]
- February 14–Akbar the Greatascends the throne of theMughal EmpireinIndiaat age 13; he will rule until his death in1605,by which time most of the north and centre of theIndian subcontinentwill be under his control.[6]
- March 21– InOxford,Thomas Cranmer,the formerArchbishop of Canterbury,is burned at the stake for treason for his role in theEnglish Reformationas chief bishop of the Anglican Church.[7]
- March 22–Reginald Pole,aRoman CatholicCardinal,is appointed by Queen Mary of England as the newArchbishop of Canterburyand head of the Catholic Archdiocese of Canterbury.[8]
April–June
[edit]- April 3– InQazvin,theShah of IranTahmasp I,becomes enraged with the sexual orientation of his sonIsmail II,and sends Ismail toAfghanistanto serve as the Iranian governor ofHeratprovince.[9]
- April 24–Pál Márkházysurrenders the Hungarian fortress atAjnácskő(now Hajnáčka inSlovakia) to the Ottoman Empire. Márkházy, accused of treachery, is stripped of his estates and title by the King of Hungary, and forced to flee to the Principality of Transylvania.[10]
- May 28(20th day of 4th month ofKōji 2) – InJapan,theBattle of Nagara-gawatakes place along theNagara RiverinMino Provincenear what is now theGifu Prefecture.Saitō Yoshitatsu,with 17,500 troops, overwhelms and kills his father,Saitō Dōsan,who had attempted to avenge the Saitō family honor with less than 3,000 people.[11]
- June 14–Lorenzo Priulibecomes the newDogeof theVenetian Republic.[12]
- June 27– Thirteen English Protestants (11 men and two women), the "Stratford Martyrs",are burned at the stake atStratford-le-BownearLondonafter being convicted of heresy.[13][14]
July–September
[edit]- July 17–Kostajnica Fortressin what is nowCroatiafalls to the Ottoman Empire and remains under Turkish control for the next 132 years.
- August 15– Work begins on thePeresopnytsia Gospelat theMonastery of the Holy Trinityin theGrand Duchy of Lithuania,and continues for the next five years.[15]
- August 27–Charles Vabdicates his position asHoly Roman Emperorin favor of his younger brother,Ferdinand, King of the Romans.The Imperial Diet postpones recognizing the abdication for the next 18 months.
- September 1– AfterPope Paul IVattempts to getKing Henry II of Franceto join him in an invasion ofSpanish-controlled Naples,Spain'sDuke of Albainvades thePapal Statesin Italy.[16]
October–December
[edit]- October 7– TheBattle of Delhiis fought in India, atTughlaqabad) nearDelhibetween forces of theSur Empire(ruled byMuhammad Adil Shah) and theMughal Empire(ruled byAkbar the Great). GeneralHemchandra Vikramaditya(Hemu) of the Suris overwhelms the forces commanded by the Mughal Governor of Delhi,Tardi Beg Khanwithin one day.[17]
- November 5–Second Battle of Panipat:Fifty miles north ofDelhi,aMughalarmy defeats the forces ofHemuand recaptures Delhi for the Mughal Empire, guaranteeingAkbar's rule.[18][19]
- November 10– The English shipEdward Bonadventure,commanded byRichard Chancelloris wrecked on the coast ofScotlandatPitsligo,killing most of its crew, including Chancellor. The few survivors include the first Russian ambassador to England, Osip Nepeya.[20]
- November 17– In the Holy Roman Empire, theSteter Kriegsratis founded as a War Council with five generals and five civil servants to advise the Habsburg rulers.[21]
- December 7– The Mughal EmperorAkbarpersonally travels withBairam Khanto lead an invasion force to defeat the Sultan of the Sur Empire,Sikandar Shah Suri.[22]
- December 27–Péter Erdődyis appointed as theOttoman Viceroy of Croatiaafter the death on September 7 ofNikola IV Zrinski.
- December 31– All military authorities in the Holy Roman Empire are ordered to submit to the decisions of the Imperial War Council.
Date unknown
[edit]- The kings ofSpaintake control of theFlandersregion, including what is now the FrenchdépartementofNord.[23]
- ThePlantations of Irelandare started in King's County (nowCounty Offaly) and Queen's County (nowCounty Laois), the earliest attempt at systematicethnic cleansingin Ireland, by theRoman Catholicruler QueenMary I of England.
- Future KingPrince John,younger son of KingGustav I of SwedenbecomesDuke of Finland.[24]
- Ivan the TerribleconquersAstrakhan,opening theVolga Riverto Russian traffic and trade.
- TheWelserbanking families ofAugsburglose colonial control ofVenezuela.[25]
- The falseMartin Guerreappears in theFrenchvillage of Artigat.[26]
- The firstprinting pressin India is introduced byJesuits,atSaint Paul's College, Goa.[27]
Births
[edit]
- January 8–Uesugi Kagekatsu,Japanese samurai and warlord (d.1623)
- January 24–Christian Barnekow,Danish noble, explorer and diplomat (d.1612)[28]
- February 4–Dorothea of Hanau-Münzenberg,German noblewoman (d.1638)
- February 7–Countess Maria of Nassau(d.1616)[29]
- February 16–Tōdō Takatora,Japanese daimyō (d.1630)[30]
- February 21–Sethus Calvisius,German calendar reformer (d.1615)[31]
- March 7–Guillaume du Vair,French statesman and philosopher (d.1621)[32]
- March 13–Dirck van Os,Dutch merchant (d.1615)
- April 8–David Hoeschel,German librarian (d.1617)[33]
- April 9–Andreas von Auersperg,Carniolan noble and military commander in the battle of Sisak (d.1593)
- April 27–François Béroalde de Verville,French writer (d.1626)[34]
- May 31–Jerzy Radziwiłł,Polish Catholic cardinal (d.1600)[35]
- June 6–Edward la Zouche, 11th Baron Zouche,English politician and diplomat (d.1625)[36]
- June 13–Pomponio Nenna,Italian composer (d.1608)[37]
- June 24
- Victoria of Valois,French princess (d. 1556)
- Joan of Valois,French princess (d. 1556)
- July 9–Elizabeth Finch, 1st Countess of Winchilsea,English countess (d.1634)[38]
- July 22–Otto Henry, Count Palatine of Sulzbach(d.1604)[39]
- July 26–James Melville,Scottish divine and reformer (d.1614)[40]
- August 10–Philipp Nicolai,German Lutheran pastor (d.1608)[41]
- August 16–Bartolomeo Cesi,Italian painter (d.1629)[42]
- September 21–William Harris,English knight (d.1616)
- October 18
- Charles I, Duke of Elbeuf,French duke and nobleman (d.1605)[43]
- John Dormer,English Member of Parliament (d.1626)[44]
- October 24–Giovanni Battista Caccini,Italian artist (d.1613)[45]
- October 26–Ahmad Baba al Massufi,Malian academic (d.1627)[46]
- November 25–Jacques Davy Duperron,French cardinal (d.1618)[47]
- November 28–Francesco Contarini,Doge of Venice (d.1624)[48]
- December 5–Anne Cecil, Countess of Oxford,English countess (d.1588)[49]
- December 17–Abdul Rahim Khan-I-Khana,Indian composer (d.1627)[50]
- December 27–Jeanne de Lestonnac,French saint (d.1640)
- date unknown
- Margaret Clitherow,English Catholic martyr (d.1586)[51]
- Ahmad Baba al Massufi,Sudanese writer and political leader (d.1627)[52]
- Alexander Briant,English Jesuit martyr (d.1581)[53]
Deaths
[edit]
- January 8–Anne Shelton,English courtier, elder sister of Thomas Boleyn (b.1475)[54]
- January 27–Humayun,2ndMughal Emperor(b.1508)[55]
- February 12–Giovanni Poggio,Italian cardinal and diplomat (b.1493)[56]
- February 26–Frederick II, Elector Palatine(1544–1556) (b.1482)[57]
- March 21–Thomas Cranmer,Archbishop of Canterbury(burned at the stake) (b.1489)[58]
- April 18
- April 26–Valentin Friedland,German scholar and educationist of the Reformation (b.1490)[61]
- May 4–Luca Ghini,Italian physician and botanist (b.1490)[62]
- May 28–Saitō Dōsan,Japanese warlord (b.1494)
- June 10–Martin Agricola,German composer (b.1486)[63]
- June 24–Joan of Valois,French princess (b. 1556)[64]
- July 31–Ignatius of Loyola,Spanish founder of the Jesuit order and saint (b.1491)[65]
- August 1–Girolamo da Carpi,Italian painter (b.1501)[66]
- August 11–John Bell,Bishop of Worcester[67]
- August 17–Victoria of Valois,French princess (b. 1556)
- September–Patrick Hepburn, 3rd Earl of Bothwell,Scottish traitor (b.1512)[68]
- October 7–Frederick of Denmark,Prince-bishop (b.1532)[69]
- October 21–Pietro Aretino,Italian author (b.1492)[70]
- November 10–Richard Chancellor,English Arctic explorer (drowned at sea) (b. c.1521)[71]
- November 14–Giovanni della Casa,Italian poet (b.1503)[72]
- date unknown
- probable
- Brian mac Cathaoir O Conchobhair Failghe, last of theKings of Ui Failghe
- Jacob Clemens non Papa,Flemish composer (b.1510)[75]
References
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- ^Moreau, Jean (1836).Histoire de ce qui s'est passé en Bretagne(in French). Brest. p. 25.RetrievedOctober 12,2023.
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