1951
(Redirected fromApril 1951)
Clockwise from top-left: theTreaty of Parisestablishes the European Coal and Steel Community, a precursor to the European Union; Shigeru Yoshida, Prime Minister of Japan signing theTreaty of San Francisco;Ships in Wellington harbour during the1951 New Zealand waterfront dispute;TheSakuragichō train is on fire;TheRosenbergs sentenced to death;Leading figures of the Nepali Congress in the1951 Nepalese revolution;Remington Rand delivers the firstUNIVAC Icomputer; Destruction left in the wake of the1951 eruption of Mount Lamington.
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1951(MCMLI) was acommon year starting on Mondayof theGregorian calendar,the 1951st year of theCommon Era(CE) andAnno Domini(AD) designations, the 951st year of the2nd millennium,the 51st year of the20th century,and the 2nd year of the1950sdecade.
Events
[edit]January
[edit]
- January 4–Korean War:Third Battle of Seoul– Chinese andNorth Koreanforces captureSeoulfor the second time (having lost theSecond Battle of Seoulin September 1950).
- January 9– The Government of the United Kingdom announces abandonment of theTanganyika groundnut schemefor the cultivation ofpeanutsin theTanganyika Territory,with the writing off of £36.5M debt.[1]
- January 11- In the U.S., a top secret report is delivered to U.S. President Truman by his National Security Resources Board, urging Truman to expand the Korean War by launching "a global offensive against communism" with sustained bombing of Red China and diplomatic moves to establish "moral justification" for a U.S. nuclear attack on the Soviet Union. The report will not not be declassified until 1978.[2]
- January 15– In a court in West Germany,Ilse Koch,The "Witch of Buchenwald", wife of thecommandantof theBuchenwald concentration camp,is sentenced to life imprisonment.[3]
- January 20–Winter of Terror:Avalanchesin theAlpskill 240 and bury 45,000 for a time, in Switzerland, Austria and Italy.
- January 21–Mount Lamingtonin Papua New Guineaerupts catastrophically,killing nearly 3,000 people and causing great devastation in Oro Province.[4]
- January 25– Dutch authorAnne de Vriesreleases the first volume of his children's novelJourney Through the Night(Reis door de nacht), set during World War II.
February
[edit]- February– TheConvention People's Partywinsnational electionsinGold Coast (British colony).
- February 1–2– The1951 Nepalese revolutionleads to agreement for a democratic constitution.
- February 1– TheUnited Nations General Assemblydeclares that China is an aggressor in the Korean War, in United Nations General Assembly Resolution 498.
- February 6–Woodbridge train wreck:APennsylvania Railroadpassenger train derails nearWoodbridge Township, New Jersey,killing 85 people and injuring over 500, in one of the worst rail disasters in American history.
- February 12
- The seven-nation Commonwealth Consultative Committee meets to discuss theColombo Planfor south and south-east Asia.[5]
- Muhammad Reza ShahmarriesSoraya Esfandiary-Bakhtiari.
- February 19– Jean Lee becomes the last woman hanged in Australia, when she and her twopimpsare hanged for the murder and torture of a 73-year-old bookmaker.
- February 25– The firstPan American Gamesopen inBuenos Aires.
- February 27– TheTwenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution,limitingPresidentsto two terms, is ratified.
March
[edit]
- March 6– The trial ofJulius and Ethel Rosenbergfor conspiracy to commit espionage begins in the United States.
- March 14
- Korean War:Operation Ripper– For the second time, United Nations troops recapture Seoul.
- West Germany joinsUNESCO.
- March 29–Second Red Scare:In the United States,Julius and Ethel Rosenbergare convicted ofconspiracyto commitespionage.OnApril 5they are sentenced to death.
- Rodgers and Hammerstein'sThe King and Iopens onBroadway,and runs for three years. It is the first of their musicals specifically written for an actress (Gertrude Lawrence). Lawrence is stricken withcancerduring the run of the show, and dies halfway through its run a year later. The show makes a star ofYul Brynner.
- The23rd Academy AwardsCeremony is held;All About Evewins theBest Pictureaward and five others.
- March 31–Remington Randdelivers the firstUNIVAC Icomputer to theUnited States Census Bureau.
April
[edit]- April 11
- U.S. PresidentHarry S. Trumanrelieves GeneralDouglas MacArthurof his Far Eastern commands.
- After its clandestine removal fromWestminster AbbeyonChristmas Day,1950,theStone of Sconeresurfaces atArbroath Abbeyin Scotland.
- April 18– TheTreaty of Paris (1951)is adopted, establishing theEuropean Coal and Steel Community.
- April 21– TheNational Olympic Committeeof theSoviet Unionis formed. The USSR will first participate in the Olympic Games atHelsinki,Finland, in 1952.
- April 24–Sakuragichō train fire:inYokohama,Japan, a fire on atrainkills more than 100.
- April 28–1951 Australian federal election:Robert Menzies'Liberal/CountryCoalitionGovernmentis re-elected with a decreased majority, defeating theLabor Party,led by formerPrime MinisterBen Chifley.Chifley dies a little over a month after the election; he will bereplacedby his deputyH. V. Evatt.
May
[edit]- May 1– Theopera house of Geneva,Switzerland is almost destroyed in a fire.
- May 3
- KingGeorge VIopens theFestival of Britainin London, including theRoyal Festival Hall.[6]
- TheU.S. Senate Committee on Armed ServicesandU.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relationsbegin their closed door hearings into the dismissal of General Douglas MacArthur by U.S. President Harry S Truman.
- May 8–Operation Greenhouse:The firstthermonuclearweapon is tested in the "George" test onEnewetokAtoll in theMarshall Islandsby the United States.
- May 15– Amilitary coupoccurs inBolivia.
- May 23– TheTibetan governmentsigns theSeventeen Point Agreement for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibetwith the People's Republic of China.
- May 24– Operation Greenhouse: The first atomic bomb "boosted" by the inclusion oftritiumis tested in the "Item" test on Enewetok Atoll in the Marshall Islands by the United States.
- May 25–26– British spiesGuy BurgessandDonald Macleanleave the United Kingdom to defect to theSoviet Union.[7]
June
[edit]- June 7– Nazi war criminalOtto Ohlendorfis hanged atLandsberg Prison,Bavaria.
- June 14–UNIVAC Iis dedicated by the U.S. Census Bureau.[8]
- June 15–July 1– InNew Mexico,Arizona,California,Oregon,WashingtonandBritish Columbia,thousands of acres of forests are destroyed in fires.
July
[edit]- July 5–William Shockley,John BardeenandWalter Brattain,of Bell Labs, announce the invention of thegrown-junction transistor.Same year, General Electric and RCA developalloy-junction transistor.
- July 10
- July 13–Vuoristorata,one of the oldest still-operating wooden roller coasters in Europe, is opened at theLinnanmäki amusement parkinHelsinki, Finland.[9][10]
- July 16– KingLeopold III of Belgiumabdicates in favour of his sonBaudouin,who on July 17 takes the oath as king of Belgium.
- July 20– KingAbdullah I of Jordanis assassinated by aPalestinianwhile attending Friday prayers inJerusalem.He is succeeded by his son, KingTalal.
- July 23– MarshalPhilippe Pétain,former Prime Minister and Head of State of France, Chief of State ofVichy FranceduringWorld War II,hero commander ofWorld War Iwho led the French Army to victory at the nine-month-longBattle of Verdun,for which he was called "the Lion of Verdun", dies while serving a sentence of life-imprisonment on the island ofÎle-d'Yeuat 95 years old.
- July 26– The firstbirch bark manuscriptis discovered inNovgorod.
- July 28–Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees,amultilateral treatyof theUnited Nations,is signed at a special conference inGeneva,defining the status ofrefugeesand setting out the basis for grantingright of asylum,coming into force on 22 April 1954.
August
[edit]- August 11–René Plevenbecomes Prime Minister of France.
- August 15-Dezik and Tsyganbecome the first dogs to enter suborbital spaceflight.
- August 31– The firstVolkswagen Type 1rolls off the production line inUitenhage,South Africa.
September
[edit]- September 1– The United States, Australia and New Zealand all sign a mutual defense pact, theANZUS Treaty.
- September 2– TheSri Lanka Freedom Partyis founded byS. W. R. D. Bandaranaike.
- September 8
- Treaty of San Francisco:InSan Francisco,48 representatives out of 51 attending sign apeace treatywith Japan, formally ending thePacific War;the delegations of theSoviet Union,PolandandCzechoslovakiado not sign the treaty, instead favoring separate treaties.
- TheU.S.-Japan Security Treaty,which allowsUnited States Armed Forcesto be stationed in Japan even after the end of theoccupation of Japan,is signed by Japan and the United States.
- September 9– Chinese Communist forces move into Lhasa, the capital of Tibet.
- September 10– The United Kingdom begins an economic boycott ofIran.
- September 20–NATOaccepts Greece and Turkey as members.
- September 26–28– A blue sun is seen over Europe: the effect is due to ash coming from the Canadian forest fires 4 months previously.
- September 30–Charlotte Whittonbecomes mayor ofOttawaand Canada's first woman mayor of a major city.
October
[edit]- October 3–8–Korean War:First Battle of Maryang-san– United Nations (primarily Australian) forces drive back the Chinese.
- October 6–Malayan Emergency:Communistinsurgents kill British commander SirHenry Gurney.
- October 14– TheOrganization of Central American States(Organización de Estados Centroamericanos,ODECA) is formed.
- October 15
- Norethisterone,theprogestinused in thecombined oral contraceptive pill,is synthesized byLuis E. Miramontesin Mexico.
- On television, the situation comedyI Love Lucyairs its first episode onCBS.
- October 16
- Judy Garlandbegins a series of concerts in New York'sPalace Theatre.
- Prime MinisterLiaquat Ali Khanof Pakistan is assassinated.
- East China Normal Universityis founded in Shanghai, China.
- October 19– The state of war between the United States andGermanyis officially ended.
- October 21– A storm in southern Italy kills over 100.
- October 24– U.S. President Harry Truman declares an official end to war with Germany.
- October 26–Winston Churchillis re-electedPrime Minister of the United Kingdom(a month before his 77th birthday) in ageneral electionwhich sees the defeat ofClement Attlee'sLabourgovernment, after 6 years in power.[11]
- October 27–Farouk of Egyptdeclares himself king ofSudan,with no support.
November
[edit]- November 1–Desert Rock exercises,the first military exercises fornuclear war,with infantry troops included, are held in theNevadadesert.
- November 2– 6,000 British troops are flown into Egypt to quell unrest in theSuez Canalzone.[12]
- November 10–Direct dialcoast-to-coast telephone service begins in the United States.
- November 11–Juan Perónis re-elected president ofArgentina.
- November 12– TheNational Ballet of Canadaperforms for the first time inEaton Auditorium,Toronto.
- November 20– ThePo Riverfloods in northern Italy.
- November 29–LEOruns the world's first commercial computer program, bakery valuations, forJ. Lyons and Co.'s tea shops in the U.K.
December
[edit]- c. December – TheInstitute of War and Peace Studiesis established byDwight D. EisenhoweratColumbia Universityin New York (of which he isPresident) withWilliam T. R. Foxas first director.[13]
- December 3–Lebanese Universityis founded inLebanon.
- December 6– Astate of emergencyis declared inEgypt,due to increasing riots.
- December 13– A water storage tank collapses inTucumcari, New Mexico,United States, resulting in 4 deaths and 200 buildings destroyed.
- December 17–We Charge Genocide,a petition describinggenocideagainstAfrican Americans,is delivered to the United Nations.
- December 20
- Experimental Breeder Reactor I(EBR-1), the world's first (experimental)nuclear power plant,opens inIdaho,United States.
- A charteredCurtiss C-46 Commandocrash-lands inCobourg,OntarioCanada; all on board survive.
- TheWorld Meteorological Organizationbecomes a specialized agency of theUnited Nations.
- December 22– TheSelangor Labour Partyis founded inSelangor,Malaya.
- December 24
- Libyabecomes independent from Italy;Idris Iis proclaimed King.
- Gian Carlo Menotti's 45-minute opera,Amahl and the Night Visitors,premieres live onNBCin the United States, becoming the first opera written especially for television.
- December 31– TheMarshall Planexpires, after distributing more than $13.3 billion US inforeign aidto rebuild Europe.[14]
Unknown dates
[edit]- IBM(United Kingdom) is formed.[15]
- An 18-year-old sailor is fined for kissing in public inStockholm,Sweden.The law court calls his actions "obnoxious behavior repulsive to the public morals".[15]
- The United States becomesmalaria-free (excluding territories and possessions)[16][17]
Births
[edit]January
[edit]
- January 1
- Ashfaq Hussain,Urdu poet
- Nana Patekar,Indian actor, screenwriter, philanthropist and filmmaker[18]
- January 2–Jan Fischer,8thPrime Minister of the Czech Republic
- January 3–Charles W. Mills,British-born American philosopher (d.2021)[19]
- January 5–Bakunde Ilo Pablo,Congolese musician
- January 8
- Kenny Anthony,Lucian politician, two-timePrime Minister of Saint Lucia
- John McTiernan,American film-maker
- January 9–Crystal Gayle,American country music singer
- January 12–Rush Limbaugh,American conservative radio personality (d.2021)
- January 18–Elijah Cummings,African-American politician (d.2019)
- January 20–Rouslan Saghabalyan,Russian writer, journalist and screenwriter[20]
- January 23–Sully Sullenberger,American diplomat and pilot
- January 25–Steve Prefontaine,American runner (d.1975)
- January 30–Phil Collins,English rock musician and producer
- January 31
- Harry Wayne Casey(KC), American musician, songwriter and producer
- Phil Manzanera,British rock musician[21]
February
[edit]
- February 3
- Blaise Compaoré,3rdPresident of Burkina Faso(1987-2014)[22]
- Eugenijus Riabovas,Lithuanian football manager
- February 10–Bob Iger,American CEO ofThe Walt Disney Company[23]
- February 12–Rossana Ordóñez,Venezuelan journalist (d.2021)[24]
- February 14–Kevin Keegan,English footballer and manager
- February 15
- Melissa Manchester,American pop singer
- Jane Seymour,English actress
- February 16–William Katt,American film, television actor
- February 19–Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri,Pakistani Islamic Sufi scholar, leader
- February 20
- Gordon Brown,Scottish-bornPrime Minister of the United Kingdom[25]
- Edward Albert,American film and television actor (d.2006)
- February 22–Ellen Greene,American actress
- February 23–Patricia Richardson,American actress
- February 24–Debra Jo Rupp,American actress
- February 25–Don Quarrie,Jamaican sprinter[26]
- February 27–Steve Harley,British glam rock singer-songwriter (d.2024)[27]
March
[edit]
- March 3–Heizō Takenaka,Japanese economist
- March 4
- Edelgard Bulmahn,German politician
- Kenny Dalglish,Scottish footballer and manager
- Linda Yamamoto,Japanese pop star
- March 6–Gerrie Knetemann,Dutch cyclist (d.2004)
- March 8–Karen Kain,Canadian ballerina
- March 9–Zakir Hussian,Indian tabla virtuoso, composer, percussionist, music producer and actor
- March 10–Gloria Diaz,Filipino actress of film and television, model and beauty queen
- March 13–Charo,Spanish-American singer, entertainer
- March 14–Jerry Greenfield,American co-founder ofBen & Jerry'sice cream
- March 17–Kurt Russell,American actor
- March 18–Ben Cohen,American co-founder ofBen & Jerry'sice cream
- March 20–Jimmie Vaughan,American blues rock guitarist and singer
- March 24–Tommy Hilfiger,American fashion designer[28]
- March 26
- Aleksey Buldakov,Russian actor (d.2019)
- Carl Wieman,American physicist,Nobel Prizelaureate[29]
- March 30–Wolfgang Niedecken,German singer
April
[edit]
- April 5
- Dean Kamen,American inventor, entrepreneur
- Fr. Sylvester Wijayakulasuriya,Parish Priest
- Guy Vanderhaeghe,Canadian author
- April 6–Rita Raave,Estonian actress
- April 7–Janis Ian,American singer-songwriter
- April 8
- Geir Haarde,Prime Minister of Iceland(2006–2009)
- Joan Sebastian,Mexican singer, songwriter (d.2015)
- April 12–Tom Noonan,American actor[citation needed]
- April 13
- Peabo Bryson,African-American singer[30]
- Peter Davison,British actor
- Max Weinberg,American drummer
- April 14
- Julian Lloyd Webber,English cellist
- Greg Winter,English biochemist,Nobel Prizelaureate
- April 15–Beatrix Schuba,Austrian figure skater
- April 16
- Björgvin Halldórsson,Icelandic singer
- Pierre Toutain-Dorbec,French photographer
- April 17
- Horst Hrubesch,German footballer
- Olivia Hussey,Argentine-born actress (Romeo and Juliet)
- Milagros Mata Gil,Venezuelan novelist and essayist.[31]
- April 19–Jóannes Eidesgaard,Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands
- April 20
- Louise Jameson,British actress
- Luther Vandross,African-American R&B, soul singer, songwriter (d.2005)
- April 21
- Tony Danza,American actor and comedian
- Vladimír Špidla,4thPrime Minister of the Czech Republic
- April 22–Paul Carrack,English singer
- April 24–Enda Kenny,13thTaoiseachof Ireland
- April 27
- Ace Frehley,American rock guitarist (Kiss)
- Freundel Stuart,7th Prime Minister of Barbados
- April 29
- Kwesi Amissah-Arthur,Ghanaian economist, academic and politician (d.2018)
- Dale Earnhardt,American race car driver (d. 2001)
May
[edit]
- May 3–Christopher Cross,American singer-songwriter
- May 6
- Antonio Saldías,Chilean historian
- Samuel Doe,President of Liberia(d.1990)
- May 9
- Christopher Dewdney,Canadian poet
- Joy Harjo,Native American poet
- May 13–Jumbo Tsuruta,Japanese professional wrestler (d.2000)
- May 15
- Yoshifumi Hibako,Japanese general
- Jonathan Richman,American musician
- Frank Wilczek,American physicist,Nobel Prizelaureate[32]
- May 16–Unshō Ishizuka,Japanese voice actor (d.2018)
- Jonathan Richman,American musician
- May 18–Ben Feringa,Dutch organic chemist,Nobel Prizelaureate
- May 19
- Joey Ramone,American rock musician (Ramones) (d.2001)
- Dick Slater,American professional wrestler (d.2018)
- May 20–Christie Blatchford,Canadian newspaper columnist, journalist and broadcaster (d.2020)[33]
- May 22–Kenneth Bianchi,American serial killer and rapist[34]
- May 23
- Jill E. Barad,American businessperson
- Anatoly Karpov,Russian chess player
- Antonis Samaras,Greek economist, politician and 185thPrime Minister of Greece
- May 25–Jamaluddin Jarjis,Malaysian politician (d.2015)
- May 26
- Ramón Calderón,Spanish lawyer and businessman
- Lou van den Dries,Dutch mathematician
- Sally Ride,American astronaut (d.2012)
- Madeleine Taylor-Quinn,Irish politician
- May 30
- Stephen Tobolowsky,American actor
- Fernando Lugo,President of Paraguay
- May 31–Jimmy Nalls,American guitarist (Sea Level) (d.2017)
June
[edit]
- June 2
- Jeanine Pirro,Lebanese-American attorney, politician and conservative political commentator
- Larry Robinson,Canadian hockey player
- June 3–Jill Biden,First Lady of the United States
- June 8–Bonnie Tyler,Welsh pop singer
- June 9–James Newton Howard,American musician, composer
- June 12
- Brad Delp,American rock vocalist (d.2007)
- Andranik Margaryan,14thPrime Minister of Armenia(d.2007)
- June 13
- Stellan Skarsgård,Swedish actor
- Richard Thomas,American actor
- June 14–Paul Boateng,British politician
- June 15–Álvaro Colom,35th President of Guatemala (d.2023)
- June 16–Roberto Durán,Panamanian boxer
- June 17–Shahidan Kassim,Malaysian politician
- June 18
- Gyula Sax,Hungarian chess grandmaster (d.2014)
- Steve Miner,American film, television director, film producer
- June 20
- Tress MacNeille,American voice actress
- Paul Muldoon,Irish-born poet
- June 21–Nils Lofgren,American musician[35]
- June 23–Michèle Mouton,French rally driver
- June 25–Elvy Sukaesih,Indonesian dangdut singer
- June 27
- Ulf Andersson,Swedish chess player
- Madan Bhandari,Nepalese politician (d.1993)
- Mary McAleese,8thPresident of Ireland[36]
- June 28
- Mick Cronin,Australian rugby league player
- Daniel Ruiz,Spanish footballer
- June 29–Zvi Eliezer Alonie,Israeli rabbi
- June 30–Stanley Clarke,American bassist
July
[edit]
- July 1
- Sabah Abdul-Jalil,Iraqi footballer and coach (d. 2021)
- Abdul Karim Jassim,Iraqi footballer and coach
- Abdoulkader Kamil Mohamed,Djiboutian politician
- Thomas Boni Yayi,7thPresident of Benin
- July 2
- Elisabeth Brooks,Canadian actress (d.1997)
- Wiesław Gawlikowski,Polish sport shooter
- July 3
- Richard Hadlee,New Zealand cricketer
- Lodewijk Jacobs,Dutch sprint canoer
- July 4
- Beverly Boys,Canadian diver
- S. S. Ahluwalia,Indian politician
- July 5
- Goose Gossage,American baseball player
- Yehoshua Gal,Israeli footballer
- Gilbert Van Binst,Belgian footballer
- July 6–Geoffrey Rush,Australian actor
- July 7–Menachem Ben-Sasson,Israeli politician
- July 8–Anjelica Huston,American actress
- July 9
- Jeje Odongo,Ugandan military officer and politician
- Chris Cooper,American actor
- July 12–Cheryl Ladd,American actress and singer
- July 14–Erich Hallhuber,German actor (d.2003)
- July 15
- Folorunso Alakija,Nigerian businesswoman
- Rick Kehoe,Canadian professional ice hockey player and coach
- July 16–Franco Serantini,Italian anarchist (d.1972)
- July 18
- Eva Wittke,German swimmer
- Elio Di Rupo,Belgian politician
- July 21–Robin Williams,American actor and comedian (d.2014)[37]
- July 24
- Lynda Carter,American actress and singer
- Chris Smith,British politician
- July 25–Yury Kovalchuk,Russian oligarch
- July 26–Sabine Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger,German politician
- July 28
- Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba,Spanish politician (d.2019)[38]
- Santiago Calatrava,Spanish architect and engineer
- July 31
- Evonne Goolagong Cawley,Australian tennis player
- Vjekoslav Šutej,Croatian orchestral conductor (d. 2009)
August
[edit]
- August 2–Andrew Gold,American singer-songwriter and musician (10cc,Wax) (d.2011)
- August 3–Marcel Dionne,Canadian hockey player
- August 6–Catherine Hicks,American actress
- August 8
- Louis van Gaal,Dutch footballer and manager
- Mohamed Morsi,Egyptian politician, 5thPresident of Egypt(d.2019)
- Mamoru Oshii,Japanese film director
- Randy Shilts,American journalist and author (d.1994)
- August 10–Juan Manuel Santos,President of Colombiaand recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
- August 11–Katsumi Chō,Japanese voice actor
- August 13–Dan Fogelberg,American singer, songwriter and multi-instrumentalist (d.2007)
- August 14–Carl Lumbly,American actor
- August 15–Jim Allen,West Indian cricketer
- August 16–Umaru Musa Yar'Adua,13thPresident of Nigeria(d.2010)
- August 19–John Deacon,English rock bassist
- August 20–Greg Bear,American author (d.2022)
- August 21
- Eric Goles,Chilean mathematician and computer scientist
- Chesley V. Morton,American politician and securities arbitrator
- August 22–Chandra Prakash Mainali,Nepalese politician
- August 23
- Jimi Jamison,American musician (Survivor) (d.2014)[39]
- Akhmad Kadyrov,President of Chechnya (d.2004)
- Queen Noor of Jordan,born Lisa Najeeb Halaby, American-born queen consort
- August 24–Orson Scott Card,American writer[40]
- August 25–Rob Halford,English rock singer
- August 26–Edward Witten,American mathematician, Fields medalist
- August 28–Wayne Osmond,American pop singer
- August 30
- Behgjet Pacolli,3rdPresident of Kosovo.
- Dana Rosemary Scallon,Irish singer,Eurovision Song Contest 1970winner andMember of the European Parliament(MEP)
September
[edit]
- September 2
- Jim DeMint,American politician,United States Senator(R-SC)
- Mark Harmon,American actor
- September 3-D. Rolland Jennings,American politician[41]
- September 4–Judith Ivey,American actress[42]
- September 5–Michael Keaton,American actor
- September 7–Chrissie Hynde,American rock singer
- September 9–Alexander Downer,Australian politician, diplomat
- September 12
- Bertie Ahern,Taoiseachof Ireland
- Joe Pantoliano,American actor
- September 13
- Jean Smart,American actress
- Salva Kiir Mayardit,1st President of South Sudan[43]
- September 14
- Duncan Haldane,English-born condensed-matter physicist, recipient of theNobel Prize in Physics[44]
- Volodymyr Melnykov,Ukrainianpoet,writer,songwriterandcomposer[45]
- September 15
- Pete Carroll,American football coach
- Fred Seibert,American producer andFrederator Studiosfounder
- September 17–Cassandra Peterson,American actress, known for her role inElvira, Mistress of the Dark
- September 18–Dee Dee Ramone,American bassist (d.2002)
- September 20
- Guy Lafleur,Canadian hockey player (d.2022)[46]
- Javier Marías,Spanish novelist[47](d.2022)
- September 21–Aslan Maskhadov,President of Chechnya (d.2005)[48]
- September 22
- David Coverdale,English singer and musician
- Wolfgang Petry,German singer
- September 24–Alfonso Portillo,President of Guatemala
- September 25
- Mark Hamill,American actor, known for his role inStar Wars
- Bob McAdoo,American basketball player and coach
- September 26–Stuart Tosh,Scottish musician
- September 28–Jim Diamond,Scottish singer-songwriter (d.2015)[49]
- September 29
- Michelle Bachelet,President of Chile[50]
- Andrés Caicedo,Colombian writer (d.1977)
- Maureen Caird,Australian hurdler
- September 30–Barry Marshall,Australian physician and recipient of theNobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
October
[edit]
- October 2–Sting,British singer, rock musician, philanthropist
- October 3
- Keb' Mo',American musician
- Kathryn D. Sullivan,American astronaut
- Dave Winfield,American baseball player
- October 4–Bakhytzhan Kanapyanov,Kazakhpoet
- October 5–Bob Geldof,Irish musician (The Boomtown Rats)
- October 6–Manfred Winkelhock,German racing driver (d.1985)
- October 7
- Jakaya Kikwete,4th President of Tanzania
- John Mellencamp,American musician and songwriter
- October 10–Epeli Ganilau,Fijian soldier and statesman (d.2023)
- October 11
- Jean-Jacques Goldman,French singer and songwriter
- Jon Miller,American sports announcer
- October 15
- Hani Al-Mulki,Prime Minister of Jordan
- Rafael Vaganian,Armenian chess grandmaster
- October 17
- Prabowo Subianto,Indonesian politician, businessman, retired honoraryarmy general,8thPresident of Indonesia.
- October 18
- Pam Dawber,American actress
- Mike Antonovich,American ice hockey player and executive
- Terry McMillan,American author
- October 19–Annie Golden,Americana actress
- October 20–Claudio Ranieri,Italian football manager and player
- October 22–William David Sanders,American victim of theColumbine High School massacre(d.1999)
- October 23–Charly García,Argentine musician and songwriter
- October 26
- Willie P. Bennett,Canadian songwriter and singer (d.2008)
- Bootsy Collins,American musician, singer-songwriter
- October 27–Éric Morena,French singer (d.2019)
- October 30–Harry Hamlin,American actor
November
[edit]
- November 2–Thomas Mallon,American author and critic
- November 3–Ed Murawinski,American cartoonist (New York Daily News)
- November 4
- Traian Băsescu,President of Romania
- Hal Malchow,political consultant (d.2024)
- November 5–Prince B.B Apugo,Nigerian politician
- November 7–Dennis Allen,Australian criminal and drug dealer, eldest son ofKath Pettingill(d.1987)
- November 8–Alfredo Astiz,Argentine commander
- November 9
- Martin Khor,Malaysian journalist and economist (d.2020)
- Lou Ferrigno,American actor and bodybuilder
- November 10–Danilo Medina,Dominican politician 53rdPresident of the Dominican Republic
- November 12–Marcelo Rezende,Brazilian journalist and television presenter (d.2017)
- November 15
- Alamgir Hashmi,English poet
- Beverly D'Angelo,American actress and singer
- November 16
- Miguel Sandoval,American actor
- Paula Vogel,American playwright
- November 17–Stephen Root,American actor
- November 18–Justin Raimondo,American political activist (d.2019)
- November 19–Charlie Falconer, Baron Falconer of Thoroton,British politician
- November 20–Rodger Bumpass,American voice actor known for his role as Squidward Tentacles onSpongeBob SquarePants
- November 21–Thomas Roth,German television news anchor and presenter
- November 24–Chet Edwards,American politician
- November 26–Cicciolina,Hungarian-Italian actress and politician
- November 27–Teri DeSario,American singer-songwriter
- November 29
- Kathryn Bigelow,American film director
- Roger Troutman,American funk musician (d.1999)
- November 30–Christian Bernard,French-born mystic
December
[edit]
- December 1
- Obba Babatundé,American actor
- Jaco Pastorius,American bassist (d.1987)
- Treat Williams,American actor, writer and aviator (d.2023)
- December 2–Adrian Devine,American baseball pitcher (d. 2020)
- December 3
- Natalis Chan,Hong Kong actor and producer
- Riki Choshu,Korean-Japanese professional wrestler
- December 4
- Chang Fei,Taiwanese television personality
- Patricia Wettig,American actress
- December 7–Richard Darbois,French-Canadian voice actor
- December 8
- Bill Bryson,American-born British non-fiction author
- Jan Eggum,Norwegian singer and songwriter
- December 11–Peter T. Daniels,American writing systems scholar
- December 12–Wau Holland,German hacker (d.2001)
- December 14
- Mike Krüger,German comedian and singer
- Jan Timman,Dutch chess player
- December 17–Ken Hitchcock,Canadian hockey coach
- December 27–Levy Fidelix,Brazilian politician, businessman, and journalist (d.2021)
- Ernesto Zedillo,54thPresident of Mexico(1994–2000)[51]
Full date unknown
[edit]- Peter Hargitay,public relations executive and a partner of the European Consultancy Network[52]
Deaths
[edit]January
[edit]
- January 3–Georgios Drossinis,Greek author, poet, scholar and editor (b.1859)
- January 5
- Yasunosuke Gonda,Japanese sociologist and theorist (b.1887)
- Andrei Platonov,Russian-born Soviet writer (b.1899)[53]
- January 6
- Ken Le Breton,Australian speedway rider (b.1924)
- Maila Talvio,Finnish writer, nominated for theNobel Prize in Literature(b.1871)
- January 7
- René Guénon,French metaphysician (b.1886)
- Lucien Cuénot,French biologist (b.1866)
- January 10–Sinclair Lewis,American writer,Nobel Prizelaureate (b.1885)
- January 12
- Jacques de Baroncelli,French director and screenwriter (b.1881)
- Prince Maximilian of Saxony(b.1870)
- January 13
- Dorothea Bate,British palaeontologist, a pioneer of archaeozoology (b.1878)
- Florence Kahn,American actress (b.1878)
- Francesco Marchetti Selvaggiani,ItalianRoman Catholiccardinal and eminence (b.1871)
- January 15–Sir Ernest Swinton,British Army general (b.1868)[54]
- January 16–Tsunejirō Ishii,Japanese admiral (b.1887)
- January 17–Franziskus Hennemann,South AfricanTitular bishopand reverend (b.1882)
- January 18
- Amy Carmichael,Irish missionary to India (b.1867)
- Jack Holt,American actor (b.1888)
- January 21–Yuriko Miyamoto,Japanese novelist (b.1899)
- January 22–Harald Bohr,Danish mathematician and footballer (b.1887)[55]
- January 23–Robert J. Blackham,British general and author (b.1868)
- January 27–Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim,Finnish military leader and statesman, 6thPresident of Finland(b.1867)
- January 28
- Dominic Salvatore Gentile,American pilot (b.1920)
- Petar Dujam Munzani,ItalianRoman Catholicarchbishop and reverend (b.1890)
- January 29–Frank Tarrant,Australian cricketer (b.1880)
- January 30–Ferdinand Porsche,German auto engineer (b.1875)
February
[edit]
- February 1–Blas Taracena Aguirre,Spanish archaeologist (b.1895)
- February 3
- Choudhry Rahmat Ali,one of the founding fathers of Pakistan (b.1895)
- Zaifeng, Prince Chun,Qing Dynasty prince (b.1883)
- February 8
- Fritz Thyssen,German businessman and industrialist (b.1873)
- Zygmunt Szendzielarz,Polish commander (b.1910)
- February 9–Eddy Duchin,American pianist and bandleader (b.1909)
- February 13–Lloyd C. Douglas,American author (b.1877)
- February 14–Andrés Barbero,Paraguayan scientist and botanist (b.1877)
- February 18
- Lyman Gilmore,American aviation pioneer (b.1874)
- Miloš Slovák,Czech painter (b.1885)
- February 19–André Gide,French writer,Nobel Prizelaureate (b.1869)[56]
- February 22–Alfred Lindley,American Olympic rower - Men's eights (b.1904)
- February 28
- Henry W. Armstrong,American boxer and songwriter (b.1879)
- Giannina Russ,Italian soprano (b.1873)
March
[edit]
- March 1–Maria Dickin,British social reformer (b.1870)
- March 2
- Cassiano Conzatti,Italian botanist, explorer and pteridologist (b.1862)
- Al Taylor,American actor (b.1887)
- March 4
- Anna Berentine Anthoni,Norwegian trade unionist and politician (b.1884)
- Zoltán Meszlényi,HungarianRoman Catholicpriest, bishop, martyr and blessed (b.1892)
- March 6
- Ivor Novello,British actor, musician and composer (b.1893)
- Volodymyr Vynnychenko,Ukrainian statesman, political activist, writer, playwright and artist, 1stPrime Minister of Ukraine(b.1880)
- March 7– PrinceRangsit Prayurasakdi(b.1885)
- March 8–Charles Coleman,American actor (b.1885)
- March 10–Kijūrō Shidehara,Japanese diplomat, 31stPrime Minister of Japan(b.1872)
- March 12–Alfred Hugenberg,German businessman and politician (b.1865)
- March 13–Ants "the Terrible" Kaljurand,Estonian anti-communist, freedom fighter andforest brother(b.1917)[57]
- March 14–Val Lewton,American producer and screenwriter (b.1904)
- March 16–Janusz Jędrzejewicz,Polish politician and educator, 24thPrime Minister of Poland(b.1885)
- March 17–Archduke Karl Albrecht of Austria(b.1888)
- March 19
- Dmytro Doroshenko,Soviet political figure (b.1882)
- Jacob Christiaan Koningsberger,Dutch biologist and politician (b.1867)[58]
- March 20–Alfredo Baquerizo,19th President of Ecuador (b.1859)
- March 21–Willem Mengelberg,Dutch conductor (b.1871)
- March 24–José Enrique Varela,Spanish military officer (b.1871)
- March 25
- Eddie Collins,American baseball player (Chicago White Sox) and a member of theMLB Hall of Fame(b.1887)
- Oscar Micheaux,American filmmaker (b.1884)
- March 31–Ralph Forbes,American actor (b.1896)
April
[edit]
- April 2–Mikhail Vladimirsky,Soviet politician (b.1874)
- April 4–George Albert Smith,8th President ofThe Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints(b.1870)
- April 5–Cường Để,Vietnamese revolutionary leader (b.1882)
- April 6–Robert Broom,British paleontologist (b.1866)
- April 9–Vilhelm Bjerknes,Norwegian physicist and meteorologist (b.1862)
- April 11
- Peter Enzenauer,Canadian politician (b.1878)
- Joe King,American actor (b.1883)
- April 14
- Ernest Bevin,British labour leader, politician and statesman (b.1881)
- Al Christie,Canadian film director and producer (b.1881)
- April 16–Adolph Bolm,Russian-American dancer and choreographer (b.1881)
- April 18–Óscar Carmona,96thPrime Minister of Portugaland 11thPresident of Portugal(b.1869)
- April 19–Frank Hopkins,American professional horseman, soldier (b.1865)
- April 20–Ivanoe Bonomi,Italian politician and statesman, 25thPrime Minister of Italy(b.1873)
- April 21–Lambertus Johannes Toxopeus,Dutch lepidopterist (b.1894)
- April 22–Horace Donisthorpe,British myrmecologist (b.1870)
- April 23–Charles G. Dawes,30thVice President of the United States,recipient of theNobel Peace Prize(b.1865)
- April 25–Shyam,Hindi actor (b.1920)
- April 26–Arnold Sommerfeld,German physicist (b.1868)
- April 29–Ludwig Wittgenstein,Austrian philosopher (b.1889)
May
[edit]
- May 1–Klymentiy Sheptytsky,SovietOrthodox priest,martyr and blessed (b.1869)
- May 2
- Alphonse de Châteaubriant,French writer (b.1877)
- Mansour bin Abdulaziz Al Saud,Saudi politician (b.1921)
- May 3–Homero Manzi,Argentine Tango lyricist and author (b.1907)
- May 5
- Eddie Dunn,American actor (b.1896)
- John Flynn,Australian medical services pioneer (b.1880)[59]
- Andronicus Rudenko,GreekOrthodox priestand blessed (b.1874)
- May 6–Henri Carton de Wiart,23rdPrime Minister of Belgium(b.1869)
- May 7–Warner Baxter,American actor (b.1889)
- May 8–Pat Hartigan,American actor and director (b.1881)
- May 10–Nikola Mushanov,23rdPrime Minister of Bulgaria(b.1872)
- May 16–François Hussenot,French engineer (b.1912)
- May 17
- William Birdwood, 1st Baron Birdwood,British field marshal (b.1865)
- Mary Emelia Moore,New Zealand Presbyterian missionary inChina(b.1869)
- Empress Teimeiof Japan, Empress consort ofEmperor Taishō(b.1884)
- May 18–Gaspar Agüero Barreras,Cuban composer, pianist and composer (b.1873)
- May 20–Marguerite Merington,English-American author (b.1857)
- May 23–Antonio Gandusio,Italian actor (b.1875)
- May 25
- Franz Klebusch,German actor (b.1887)
- Paula von Preradović,Austrian poet and writer (b.1887)[60]
- May 27– SirThomas Blamey,Australian field marshal (b.1884)
- May 29
- Fanny Brice,American entertainer (b.1891)
- Antonio Mosca,Italian painter (b.1870)
- May 30
- Hermann Broch,Austrian author (b.1886)
- Sir Reginald Tyrwhitt,British admiral (b.1870)
June
[edit]
- June 1
- José Alejandrino,Filipino general (b.1870)
- Rafael Altamira y Crevea,Spanish historian and jurist (b.1866)
- Ludvig Oskar,Estonian painter (b.1874)
- June 4–Serge Koussevitzky,Russian-born conductor (b.1874)
- June 7
- Paul Blobel,German SS officer (executed) (b.1894)
- Werner Braune,German SS officer (executed) (b.1909)
- Erich Naumann,German SS officer (executed) (b.1905)
- Otto Ohlendorf,German SS officer (executed) (b.1907)
- Oswald Pohl,German SS officer (executed) (b.1892)
- June 9–Mayo Methot,American actress (b.1904)
- June 13–Ben Chifley,Australian politician, 16thPrime Minister of Australia(b.1885)
- June 16
- Pyotr Pavlenko,Soviet writer and screenwriter (b.1899)
- Thomas Alan Goldsborough,American politician, member of theUS House of Representativesfrom 1921 to 1939 and a United States district judge from 1939 to 1951 (b.1877)
- June 21
- Charles Dillon Perrine,American astronomer, discovered two moons ofJupiter(HimaliaandElara) (b.1867)
- Ville Kiviniemi,Finnish politician (b.1877)[61]
- June 25–Ferdinand Budicki,Croatian pioneer (b.1871)
- June 27–David Warfield,American stage actor (b.1866)
- June 28–Maria Pia Mastena,ItalianRoman Catholicreligious sister and blessed (b.1881)
- June 29–Juan Rivero Torres,Bolivian engineer and statesman (b.1897)
July
[edit]
- July 2–Ferdinand Sauerbruch,German surgeon (b.1875)
- July 3–Tadeusz Borowski,Polish writer and journalist (b.1922)
- July 9
- Harry Heilmann,American baseball player (Detroit Tigers) and a member of theMLB Hall of Fame(b.1894)
- Egbert Van Alstyne,American songwriter and pianist (b.1878)[62]
- July 13–Arnold Schoenberg,Austrian composer (b.1874)
- July 15–Florentino Collantes,Filipino poet (b.1896)
- July 17
- Charles Desplanques,French anarchist and journalist (b.1877)
- Riad Al Solh,2-Time Prime Minister of Lebanon (b.1894)
- July 18
- Ludovico di Caporiacco,Italian arachnologist (b.1901)
- Antti Juutilainen,Finnish farmer and politician (b.1882)
- July 20
- KingAbdullah I of Jordan(assassinated) (b.1882)
- Elías Ahúja y Andría,Spanish philanthropist, politician, businessman and academic (b.1863)
- Crown Prince Wilhelm of Prussia(b.1882)
- July 23
- Robert J. Flaherty,American filmmaker (b.1884)
- Philippe Pétain,French World War I marshal, leader of Vichy France, 78thPrime Minister of France(b.1856)
- July 25–Henrik Ramsay,Finnish politician and economist (b.1886)
- July 26–Juozas Gabrys,Lithuanian politician and diplomat (b.1880)
- July 30–Sir Max Horton,British admiral (b.1883)
- July 31–Cho Ki-chon,Korean poet (b.1913)
August
[edit]
- August 14–William Randolph Hearst,American newspaper publisher (b.1863)
- August 15–Artur Schnabel,Austrian-born Jewish classical pianist (b.1882)
- August 16–Louis Jouvet,French actor and director (b.1887)
- August 19–Władysław Wróblewski,Polish politician, scientist, diplomat and lawyer, provisionalPrime Minister of Poland(b.1875)
- August 21–Constant Lambert,British composer (b.1905)
- August 24
- Henri Rivière,French painter (b.1864)
- Antonio Sánchez de Bustamante y Sirven,Cuban lawyer (b.1865)
- August 26–Bill Barilko,Canadian hockey player (b.1927)
- August 28–Robert Walker,American actor (b.1918)
September
[edit]
- September 1
- Louis Lavelle,French philosopher (b.1883)
- Wols,German painter and photographer (b.1913)
- September 2–Antoine Bibesco,Romanian aristocrat, lawyer, diplomat and writer (b.1878)
- September 3
- Ernestina Lecuona y Casado,Cuban pianist, musician, educator and composer (b.1882)
- Enrico Valtorta,ItalianRoman Catholicbishop ofHong Kongand reverend (b.1883)
- Serge Voronoff,Russian-born French surgeon (b.1866)
- September 5–Mário Eloy,Portuguese painter (b.1900)
- September 7
- Maria Montez,Dominican actress (b.1912)
- John French Sloan,American artist (b.1871)
- September 9
- Anton Golopenția,Romanian sociologist (b.1909)
- Gibson Gowland,British actor (b.1877)
- September 10–Giuseppe Mulè,Italian composer and conductor (b.1885)
- September 15–Jacinto Guerrero,Spanish composer (b.1895)
- September 17
- František Nušl,Czechoslovak astronomer and mathematician (b.1867)
- Jimmy Yancey,American pianist and composer (b.1898)
- September 18
- Márton Rátkai,Hungarian actor (b.1881)
- Tomonaga Sanjūrō,Japanese philosopher (b.1871)
- September 26–Ioan Dimăncescu,Romania army officer (b.1898)
- September 27–Augusto de Vasconcelos,Portuguese surgeon, politician and diplomat, 57thPrime Minister of Portugal(b.1867)
- September 29–Thomas Cahill,American soccer coach (b.1864)
October
[edit]
- October 4–Henrietta Lacks,American originator of theHeLacellline (b.1920)
- October 6
- Will Keith Kellogg,American industrialist, founder of theKellogg Company(b.1860)
- Otto Fritz Meyerhof,German-born physician and biochemist (b.1884)
- October 12–Leon Errol,Australian-born actor and comedian (b.1881)
- October 14–Herman Charles Bosman,South African writer and journalist (b. 1905)
- October 16
- Liaquat Ali Khan,1stPrime Minister of Pakistan(assassinated) (b.1895)
- Saad Akbar Babrak,Afghan assassin (b.1921or1922)
- October 17–József Farkas,Hungarian nobleman, jurist and politician (b.1857)
- October 23–Fernando Poe Sr.,Filipino actor (b.1916)
- October 24
- Al Baker,American magician (b.1874)
- Prince Carl, Duke of Västergötland(b.1861)
- Clarence Stewart Williams,American admiral (b.1863)
- October 25–Amélie of Orléans,Queen consort of Portugal(b.1865)
- October 26
- William S. Finucane,American businessman and politician (b.1888)
- Óscar Pérez Solís,Spanish artillery officer, engineer, jurist and politician (b.1882)
- October 28–Mady Christians,Austrian actress (b.1892)
- October 30–Gustav Smedal,Norwegian jurist (b.1888)
November
[edit]- November 3
- Aleksei Badayev,Soviet functionary (b.1883)
- Richard Wallace,American film director (b.1894)
- November 4–Khelifa Belkacem,Algerian chaabi singer (b.1907)
- November 5
- Agrippina Vaganova,Soviet ballerina (b.1879)
- Reggie Walker,South African Olympic athlete (b.1889)
- November 9
- Luigi Beltrame Quattrocchi,ItalianRoman Catholiclayman and blessed (b.1880)
- Sigmund Romberg,Hungarian-born American composer (b.1887)
- November 13–Nikolai Medtner,Soviet pianist and composer (b.1880)
- November 14–Ludovico Chigi Albani della Rovere,Prince and Grand Master of the Order of Malta (b.1866)
- November 15–Robert Elliott,American actor (b.1879)
- November 20
- Thomas Quinlan,British opera singer (b.1881)
- Lou Skuce,Canadian cartoonist (b.1886)
- November 21
- Jean Trescases,a FrenchChief warrant officer,during theFirst Indochina War(b.1916)
- November 23–Enrichetta Alfieri,ItalianRoman Catholicreligious professed and blessed (b.1891)
- November 25
- István Friedrich,24th Prime Minister of Hungary (b.1883)
- Harry B. Liversedge,American general (b.1894)
- November 27–Timrava,Slovak novelist (b.1867)
- November 29–Pramathesh Barua,Indian actor, director and screenwriter (b.1903)
December
[edit]
- December 1–Felix Petyrek,Austrian composer (b.1892)
- December 4–Pedro Salinas,Spanish poet (b.1891)
- December 5–Shoeless Joe Jackson,American baseball player (Chicago White Sox) (b.1887)
- December 6
- J. Edward Bromberg,Hungarian-born character actor (b.1903)
- André Gobert,French tennis player (b.1890)
- Harold Ross,American editor (b.1892)
- December 10–Algernon Blackwood,British writer (b.1869)
- December 11
- Christopher Addison, 1st Viscount Addison,British politician and physician (b.1869)
- Selim Palmgren,Finnish composer, pianist and conductor (b.1878)
- December 12–Bill Patton,American actor (b.1894)
- December 15–Eric Drummond, 7th Earl of Perth,British diplomat, 1st Secretary-General of theLeague of Nations(b.1876)
- December 19
- Barton Yarborough,American actor (b.1900)
- Umberto Cassuto,Italian rabbi and biblical scholar (b.1883)
- December 20–Anton Durcovici,Austro-Hungarian born RomanianRoman Catholicbishop and blessed (b.1888)
- December 23–Enrique Santos Discépolo,Argentine tango and milonga musician and composer (b.1901)
- December 24–Raffaele Rossetti,Italian engineer and military naval officer (b.1881)
- December 31–Maxim Litvinov,Russian revolutionary and Soviet diplomat (b.1876)
Date unknown
[edit]- Ștefan Burileanu,Romanian general, engineer, inventor, and academic (b.1874)
Nobel Prizes
[edit]
- Physics–John CockcroftandErnest Walton
- Chemistry–Edwin McMillanandGlenn T. Seaborg
- Physiology or Medicine–Max Theiler
- Literature–Pär Lagerkvist
- Peace–Léon Jouhaux
References
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