Asterids
| Asterids Temporal range:[1]
| |
|---|---|
| |
| Impatiens capensis(Ericales) | |
| |
| Oreganofrom Lamiales | |
Scientific classification
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Core eudicots |
| Clade: | Superasterids |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Clades | |
In theAPG IV system(2016) for the classification offlowering plants,the nameasteridsdenotes aclade(amonophyleticgroup). Asterids is the largest group offlowering plants,with more than 80,000 species, about a third of the total flowering plant species.[2][3]Well-known plants in this clade include thecommon daisy,forget-me-nots,nightshades(includingpotatoes,eggplants,tomatoes,chili peppersandtobacco), thecommon sunflower,petunias,yacon,morning glory,lettuce,sweet potato,coffee,lavender,lilac,olive,jasmine,honeysuckle,ash tree,teak,snapdragon,sesame,psyllium,garden sage,table herbs such asmint,basil,androsemary,and rainforest trees such asBrazil nut.
Most of the taxa belonging to this clade had been referred to asAsteridaein theCronquist system(1981) and asSympetalaein earlier systems.[citation needed]The name asterids (not necessarily capitalised) resembles the earlierbotanical namebut is intended to be the name of a clade rather than a formal ranked name, in the sense of theICBN.
History
[edit]Genetic analysis carried out afterAPG IImaintains that the sister to all other asterids are theCornales.A second order that split from the base of the asterids are theEricales.The remaining orders cluster into two clades, the lamiids and the campanulids. The structure of both of these clades has changed inAPG III.[4][5]
In the APG III system, the following clades were renamed:
Phylogeny
[edit]The phylogenetic tree presented hereinafter has been proposed by the APG IV project.[3]
| asterids | |
Subdivision
[edit]Lamiids
[edit]The lamiid subclade consists of about 40,000 species and account for about 15% of angiosperm diversity, characterized in general by superiorovariesandcorollaswith any fusion of the petals (sympetaly) occurring late in the process of development. The major part of lamiid diversity occurs in the group of five orders from Boraginales to Solanales, referred to informally as "core lamiids" (sometimes called Laminae), although Vahliales consists of the single small genusVahlia.The remainder of the lamiids are referred to as "basal lamiids", in whichGarryalesis thesister groupto the core lamiids. It has been suggested that the core lamiids radiated from an ancestral line of tropical trees in which the flowers were inconspicuous and the fruit large,drupaceousand often single-seeded.[6]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^Atkinson, Brian A. (14 November 2022)."Icacinaceae fossil provides evidence for a Cretaceous origin of the lamiids".Nature Plants.8(12): 1374–1377.doi:10.1038/s41477-022-01275-y.ISSN2055-0278.PMID36376504.S2CID253521093.
- ^Bremer, Kåre; Friis, elsemarie; Bremer, birgitta (1 June 2004)."Molecular Phylogenetic Dating of Asterid Flowering Plants Shows Early Cretaceous Diversification".Systematic Biology.53(3): 496–505.doi:10.1080/10635150490445913.PMID15503676.S2CID41752744.
- ^abAngiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016)."An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV".Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society.181(1): 1–20.doi:10.1111/boj.12385.
- ^abAngiosperm Phylogeny Group (2003). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II".Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society.141(4): 399–436.doi:10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x.
- ^abAngiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009)."An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III".Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society.161(2): 105–121.doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x.hdl:10654/18083.
- ^Stull et al 2015.
Bibliography
[edit]- Stull, Gregory W.; Duno de Stefano, Rodrigo;Soltis, Douglas E.;Soltis, Pamela S.(November 2015)."Resolving basal lamiid phylogeny and the circumscription of Icacinaceae with a plastome-scale data set".American Journal of Botany.102(11): 1794–1813.doi:10.3732/ajb.1500298.PMID26507112.
External links
[edit]
Media related toAsteridsat Wikimedia Commons- Asteridsin Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards).Angiosperm Phylogeny Website.Version 7, May 2006.
