East Sussex
This articleneeds additional citations forverification.(May 2022) |
East Sussex | |
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Coordinates:50°56′N0°22′E/ 50.94°N 0.37°E | |
Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
Constituent country | England |
Region | South East England |
Established | |
Time zone | UTC+0(GMT) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+1(BST) |
UK Parliament | 8 MPs |
Ceremonial county | |
Lord Lieutenant | Andrew Blackman CStJ (2021–)[1] |
High Sheriff | Richard Bickersteth[2](2023–24) |
Area | 1,791 km2(692 sq mi) |
• Rank | 33rd of 48 |
Population (2022)[3] | 828,685 |
• Rank | 30th of 48 |
Density | 463/km2(1,200/sq mi) |
Ethnicity |
|
Non-metropolitan county | |
County council | East Sussex County Council |
Control | Conservative |
Admin HQ | Lewes |
Area | 1,709 km2(660 sq mi) |
• Rank | 19th of 21 |
Population (2022)[4] | 550,720 |
• Rank | 21st of 21 |
Density | 322/km2(830/sq mi) |
ISO 3166-2 | GB-ESX |
GSS code | E10000011 |
ITL | TLJ22 |
Website | eastsussex |
Districts | |
![]() Unitary County council area Districts of East Sussex | |
Districts |
East Sussexis aceremonial countyinSouth East England.It is bordered byKentto the north-east,West Sussexto the west,Surreyto the north-west, and theEnglish Channelto the south. The largest settlement is the city ofBrighton and Hove,and the county town isLewes.
The county has an area of 1,792 km2(692 sq mi) and a population of 822,947.[5][6]The latter is largely concentrated along the coast, where the largest settlements are located: Brighton and Hove (277,105),Eastbourne(99,180), andHastings(91,490).[7]The centre and north of the county are largely rural, and the largest settlement isCrowborough(21,990).[7]Forlocal governmentpurposes, East Sussex comprises anon-metropolitan county,with five districts, and theunitary authorityof Brighton and Hove. East Sussex and West Sussexhistoricallyformed a single county,Sussex.
The north-east of East Sussex is part of theWeald,asandstoneanticlinethat was once an extensive woodland. The highest point in this area is Crowborough Hill (242 m (794 ft)), part of the High Weald uplands. The south-west of the county is part of theSouth Downs,a rollingchalkescarpmentthat stretches west into West Sussex and Hampshire.Ditchling Beacon(248 m (814 ft)) is the highest point. Where the downs reach the sea, they form high cliffs such as theSeven Sisters,where erodeddry valleyscreate an undulating skyline.[8]The county does not contain large rivers, but its largest are theRother,which forms part of the boundary with Kent, theCuckmere,and theOuse,which rises in West Sussex and flows throughLewesbefore reaching the English Channel atNewhaven.[9]
History
[edit]East Sussex is part of thehistoric countyofSussex,which has its roots in the ancientkingdom of the South Saxons,who established themselves there in the 5th century AD, after the departure of theRomans.Archaeological remains are plentiful, especially in the upland areas. The area's position on the coast has also meant that there were many invaders, including the Romans and later theNormans,following the defeat of the English army byWilliam the Conquererat theBattle of Hastingsin 1066.[10]Earlier industries included fishing, iron-making, and the wool trade, all of which have declined or been lost completely.
Governance
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/County_Hall%2C_Lewes_-_geograph.org.uk_-_896752.jpg/220px-County_Hall%2C_Lewes_-_geograph.org.uk_-_896752.jpg)
Sussexwas historically sub-divided into sixrapes.From the 12th century the three eastern rapes together and the three western rapes together had separatequarter sessions,with thecounty townof the three eastern rapes beingLewes.[11]This situation was formalised by Parliament in 1865, and the two parts were made intoadministrative counties,each with its own electedcounty councilin 1889 under theLocal Government Act 1888.In East Sussex there were also three self-administeredcounty boroughs:Brighton,EastbourneandHastings.
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Arms_of_the_East_Sussex_County_Council.svg/100px-Arms_of_the_East_Sussex_County_Council.svg.png)
Upon its foundation, East Sussex included the south ofTunbridge Wellsand the south ofLamberhurst;by theLocal Government Act 1894these areas were transferred toKent.
In 1974 East Sussex was made anon-metropolitanandceremonial county,and the three county boroughs became districts within the county. At the same time the western boundary was altered, so that theMid Sussexregion (includingBurgess HillandHaywards Heath) was transferred to the non metropolitan county ofWest Sussex.In 1997,Brighton and Hovebecame a self-administeredunitary authority;it was grantedcity statusin 2000, whilst remaining part of the ceremonial county of East Sussex.
The area of East Sussex County Council's jurisdiction is divided into fivelocal government districts.Three are large rural districts (from west to east):Lewes,Wealden,andRother.EastbourneandHastingsare mainly urban areas. The rural districts are further subdivided intocivil parishes.[12]
Geography
[edit]Geology
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Seven_Sisters_3.jpg/170px-Seven_Sisters_3.jpg)
Geologically, East Sussex is part of southernanticlineof theWeald:theSouth Downs,a range of moderatechalkhills which run across the southern part of the county from west to east and mirrored inKentby theNorth Downs.To the north lie parallel valleys and ridges, the highest of which is the Weald itself (the Hastings beds and Wealden Clay). The sandstones and clays meet the sea at Hastings; the Downs, atBeachy Head.The area contains significant reserves of shale oil, totalling 4.4 billionbarrels of oilin the Wealden basin according to a 2014 study, which then Business and Energy MinisterMichael Fallonsaid "will bring jobs and business opportunities" and significantly help with UK energy self-sufficiency.Frackingin the area is required to achieve these objectives, which has been opposed by environmental groups.[13]
Climate
[edit]East Sussex, like most counties by the south coast, has an annual average total of around 1,750[14]hours of sunshine per year. This is much higher than the UK's average of about 1,340 hours of sunshine a year.
Relief and drainage
[edit]The relief of the county reflects the geology.
Thechalkuplands of theSouth Downsoccupies the coastal strip between Brighton and Eastbourne. There are two river gaps: theRivers OuseandCuckmere.TheSeven Sisters,where the Downs meet the sea, are the remnants of dry valleys cut into the chalk; they end atBeachy Head,530 feet (162 m) above sea level. To the east of Beachy Head lie the marshlands of thePevenseyLevels, formerly flooded by the sea but now enclosed within a deposited beach. AtBexhillthe land begins to rise again where the sands and clays of the Weald meet the sea; these culminate in the sandstone cliffs east of Hastings. Further east are thePettLevels, more marshland, beyond which is the estuary of theRiver Rother.On the far side of the estuary are thedunesofCamber Sands.The highest point in the county isDitchling Beaconon the South Downs, which has a maximum elevation of 248 m (814 ft)[15]and is classed as aMarilyn.
TheWealdoccupies the northern borderlands of the county. Between the Downs and Weald is a narrow stretch of lower lying land; many of the rivers and streams occupying this area originate in the Weald. The High Weald is heavily wooded in contrast to the South Downs; the Low Weald less so. Part of the Weald is theAshdown Forest.
Settlements
[edit]The location of settlements in East Sussex has been determined both by its history and its geography. The original towns and villages tended to be where its economy lay: fishing along the coast and agriculture and iron mining on the Weald. Industry today tends to be geared towards tourism, particularly along the coastal strip where towns such asBexhill-on-Sea,Eastbourne,andHastingsare located.NewhavenandRyeare ports, although the latter is also of historical importance.PeacehavenandSeafordserve asdormitory towns.Away from the coast are former market towns such asHailsham,HeathfieldandUckfield;Crowboroughis a centre for the Ashdown Forest.Lewes,theCounty townof East Sussex;Battle,with itsNorman Conquestbeginnings, andWadhurstare the other three towns of significance.
Economy and demography
[edit]![]() | This section needs to beupdated.(September 2020) |
This is a chart of trend of regional gross value added of thenon-metropolitan countyof East Sussex (Brighton & Hovehas a separate table) at current basic pricespublishedArchived4 August 2011 at theWayback Machine(pp. 240–253) byOffice for National Statisticswith figures in millions of pounds.
Year | Regional Gross Value Added[16] |
Agriculture[17] | Industry[18] | Services[19] |
---|---|---|---|---|
1995 | 4,359 | 84 | 1,053 | 3,222 |
2000 | 4,953 | 54 | 1,155 | 3,744 |
2003 | 5,326 | 69 | 1,252 | 4,004 |
Area | August 2012 | August 2001 | Population (April 2011) |
---|---|---|---|
East Sussex | 18,790 | 34,335 | 526,671 |
% of 2011 resident population (2001 population where applicable) [clarification needed] |
3.6% | 7.0% | – |
Hastings | 6.7% | 12.1% | 90,254 |
Eastbourne | 4.3% | 8.2% | 99,412 |
Rother | 3.1% | 6.5% | 90,588 |
Lewes | 3.0% | 5.7% | 97,502 |
Wealden | 1.8% | 4.2% | 148,915 |
Economic activities
[edit]Measured by the number of registered companies, East Sussex is not a major manufacturing or industrial area of the UK. Of the companies registered, the leading category in 2023 was "construction", followed by "real estate activities".[21]An important contribution to the county's economy comes from the fact that many residents of Brighton and Hove, Eastbourne and Hastings commute to London orwork remotelyfor companies outside the county.[22]
There were 1,720 agricultural holdings in East Sussex (excluding Brighton and Hove) in 2022, with a total farmed area of 108,825 hectares. They employed just over 4000 people and, in 2020, produced a gross value added of £66 million. Livestock grazing accounts for almost 40% of the farmed area, with there being approximately six times as many sheep as cattle.[23]Fishing is limited but there are still fishing fleets, notably at Rye and Hastings, although the number of boats is much reduced. Historically, the fisheries were of great importance.
Landmarks
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/MermaidStreet.jpg/170px-MermaidStreet.jpg)
TheSeven SistersPark is part of theSouth Downs National Park.Beachy Headis one of the most famed local attractions, along with the flats alongNormans Bay.
Apart from the physical landmarks such as the Downs and the Weald, East Sussex has a great many landmarks of historical interest. There are castles atBodiam,Herstmonceux,LewesandPevensey;and defence works such as theMartello towersandEastbourne Redoubt.[24]Battle Abbey,built to commemorate theBattle of Hastings;Bateman's,home ofRudyard Kipling,Hammerwood Park,one of the first examples ofGreek Revival architecturein the UK; and theUniversity of Sussexbuildings atFalmerare among interesting buildings.Bexhill-on-Seais also home to theDe La Warr Pavilion.East Sussex also includes two chalkhill figures,being theLitlington White Horseand theLong Man of Wilmington,which are both situated in theSussex Downs.
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Litlington_White_Horse.jpg/220px-Litlington_White_Horse.jpg)
Transport
[edit]Roads
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Rpp_010.jpg/220px-Rpp_010.jpg)
East Sussex has no motorways, and even dual carriageways are sparse in the county. The main roads through the county are those part of the radial pattern from London: theA21fromKentto Hastings; theA22from Surrey to Eastbourne; and theA23from Gatwick to Brighton. Cross-country routes include theA26which carries traffic from Newhaven and Lewes north into Kent; and the south coast trunk route, which starts inFolkestone(Kent) as theA259 trunk road,and traverses the south coast toEastbourne,where it becomes theA27 trunk roadand heads westwards towardsChichesterin West Sussex and ultimately toHonitonin Devon. All the main roads suffer from congestion and traffic problems: the A27 which connectsEastbournetoPortsmouthis one of the busiest trunk roads in the UK.[citation needed]
Bus routes serve all the main areas of settlement and many of the villages in the county.
Railways
[edit]The railways serve the main towns in a similar fashion to the roads. Until the closures of many branch railways in the 20th century, rural East Sussex was well-served by rail: few such branch lines escaped theBeeching cutsso that today only main-line services remain. They include theEast Coastway Line(including theMarshlink Line); theHastings line;and the Uckfield branch of theOxted Line.There are threeheritage railways:theKent and East Sussex Railwayoperates fromTenterdenin Kent toBodiam;theBluebell RailwayfromSheffield ParktoEast Grinstead;and theLavender Line Steam Railwayis a one-mile line atIsfield,nearUckfield.[25]
Trains in the county are operated bySouthern,Southeastern,ThameslinkandGreat Western Railway.Southern is the key operator for the county, operating services along the West Coastway and East Coastway routes, as well as trains fromBrighton,Eastbourne,SeafordandHastingstoLondon Victoria,and to a lesser extentLondon Bridge,which is also where trains to/fromUckfieldgo. Southeastern operate trains fromLondon Charing Crossto Hastings. Thameslink operate trains from Brighton toBedford.
Airports
[edit]There are no airports offering scheduled flights in East Sussex. London's second airport,Gatwick Airport,is a short distance from East Sussex and easily accessible by road and rail from most of the county. Despite its name,Brighton City Airport,the former Shoreham Airport, is in West Sussex. Three airports service small private planes, helicopters and flying schools: Spilsted Farm near Hastings;[26]Kittyhawk Aerodrome near Lewes;[27]andDeanland Airfield,also near Lewes.[28]
Ferries
[edit]A ferry operates fromNewhaventoDieppein France twice daily in the off-season and three times daily in the summer. Both vehicles and foot passengers are accepted.[29]
Footpaths
[edit]Among thelong-distance footpathsin East Sussex are theSouth Downs Way;1066 Country Walk,High Weald Landscape Trail,Saxon Shore Way,Sussex Border Path,Sussex Ouse Valley Way,Vanguard Way,WealdwayandThe Monarch's Way.
Education
[edit]The Universities ofSussexandBrightonare based in East Sussex, with facilities inBrighton,FalmerandHastings.
Over 150 primary schools serve the area; many of them small and local in scope.
State and independent secondary schools includeLewes Old Grammar School,which celebrated its 500th anniversary in 2012. Overall, more than 50 serve East Sussex, including further education colleges in larger towns.
A number of independent boarding schools that also cater to day students are located in the county, includingBrighton CollegeandRoedean.ThePestalozziChildren's Village, an international foundation, is located atSedlescombe.
Culture
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Glyndebourne_4_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Glyndebourne_4_%28cropped%29.jpg)
East Sussex has many theatres and performance venues, including theTheatre Royalin Brighton and theBrighton Dome,theAttenborough Centre for the Creative Artsat the University of Sussex, theRoyal Hippodrome TheatreandDevonshire Park Theatrein Eastbourne, and theWhite Rock Theatrein Hastings. The annualGlyndebourne Festival Operatakes place atGlyndebournenear Lewes. TheBrighton Festivalis a large multi-arts festival held every May.
There is a wide range of museums and art galleries in East Sussex. Notable amongst these are theBrighton Museum & Art Gallery;theHove Museum of Creativity;theHastings Museum and Art Gallery;Hastings Contemporary;Charleston Farmhousenear Lewes, with an exhibition devoted to the artistic work of theBloomsbury Group;the De La Warr Pavilion in Bexhill-on-Sea, which houses a contemporary art gallery; and theTowner Eastbournegallery, which celebrated its centenary in 2023 and hosted the award ceremony for theTurner Prizeon 5 December of that year.[30]
Tourism
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Brighton_royal_pavilion_Qmin.jpg/220px-Brighton_royal_pavilion_Qmin.jpg)
The coastal towns of Brighton and Hove, Bexhill-on-Sea, Hastings and Eastbourne attract many day trippers during the summer to visit the beaches. Brighton and Hove have a range of attractions including theRoyal Pavilion.Beginning in 1787, it was built in three stages as a seaside retreat forGeorge, Prince of Wales,who became King George IV in 1820. A more recent attraction is theBrighton i360,a 162 m observation tower on the seafront, which opened on 4 August 2016 to provide extensive views over Brighton and Hove, the South Downs and theEnglish Channel.The tower has never achieved forecast visitor numbers and in June 2023 the company operating it owed Brighton and Hove Council £48 million.[31]
Brighton Palace Pier,Eastbourne PierandHastings Pierserve as entertainment centres that attract many visitors. Several other piers built in the heyday of day tripper visits by train no longer exist, notablySt Leonards Pier,inSt Leonards-on-Sea,and theWest Pierin Brighton, parts of which can still be seen in the sea opposite the Brighton i360. Originally, the profits from the i360 were seen as a potential source of funds to rebuild the West Pier, but that now seems unlikely.[32] Other important tourist attractions within East Sussex includeAshdown Forest,Drusillas Zoo ParknearAlfristonandMichelham Priory.The county has two narrow-gauge railways, theHastings Miniature Railway,which is powered by a steam locomotive, andVolk's Electric Railway,which runs from Brighton's Palace Pier toBrighton Marinaalong the seafront. Volk's is the oldest operational electric railway in the world. There are also several castles that attract many visitors, as indicated in the Landmarks section above.
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/De_Dion-Bouton_6_CV_1903_at_Veteran_car_run_2012%2C_Madeira_Drive_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3221426.jpg/220px-De_Dion-Bouton_6_CV_1903_at_Veteran_car_run_2012%2C_Madeira_Drive_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3221426.jpg)
Annual events also promote tourism to the county.Brighton Prideis one of the UK's largest and oldestpride paradesand other pride events take place at Eastbourne and Hastings.[33][34]The London to Brighton Veteran Car Run is the world's longest-running motoring event. To qualify, cars must have been built before 1905. It is also the world's largest gathering of veteran cars. The race finishes onMadeira Drivein Brighton.[35]
For visitors who wish to explore East Sussex by car, there are many interesting and attractive towns and villages, such asAlfriston;Battle,site of the Battle of Hastings;Ditchling;Herstmonceux,with the castle of the same name; Lewes;Rottingdean;andRye.
Traditions
[edit]TheLewes Bonfireis a set of bonfire celebrations held onGuy Fawkes Night,which both celebrates the uncovering of theGunpowder Plotin 1605 and commemorates the memory of theseventeen Protestant martyrsfromMayfieldburned at the stake between 1555 and 1557. It has a history of religious antagonism and anti-popery, including the burning of an effigy of thePope.The event attracts tens of thousands of spectators every year. There are also many otherbonfire societiesin East Sussex.[36]
Sport
[edit]Football
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/The_Dripping_Pan.jpg/220px-The_Dripping_Pan.jpg)
Brighton & Hove Albion F.C.is the most successful club in East Sussex, playing in thePremier Leaguein 2023–24 and also competing in the2023–24 UEFA Europa League.It has appeared once in theFA Cup final,in 1983, losing to Manchester United after a replay. It is the only fully professional men's team in the county. The oldest club in East Sussex isEastbourne Town F.C.,which was founded in 1881.Lewes F.C.is a semi-professional football club. The men's first team is in theIsthmian LeaguePremier Division. It also has asuccessful women's team,which in 2023–24 was competing in the second-tierWomen's Championshipagainst teams supported by much larger clubs, including some with their men's team in the Premier League.[37]
Cricket
[edit]Cricket had itsoriginsin the counties ofKent,Surreyand Sussex. There is no team representing East Sussex. It combines with West Sussex as theSussex County Cricket Club,playing first-team matches at theCounty Groundin Hove and reserve-team matches in both East and West Sussex. There are around 25 local clubs playing the game in East Sussex.[38]
Rugby
[edit]There are around 15 rugby clubs in East Sussex, with many of them fielding several teams including women's and girls' teams.Seaford Rugby Clubclaims the distinction of playing its home games below sea level.[39]
Cycling
[edit]The fourth stage of the1994 Tour de Franceended in Brighton after departing fromDover.The route included a climb over Ditchling Beacon.[40]The hilly nature of the Downs presents a good challenge for cyclists and there are at least eight cycling clubs in East Sussex.[41]
Golf
[edit]There are 42 golf courses in East Sussex, many on downland. Four of these (2 in Brighton and Hove, one in Eastbourne and one in Crowborough) are public courses; the remainder private, semi-private or resorts.[42]
Other sports
[edit]Other popular sports include sailing, bowls and tennis.
See also
[edit]- Outline of England
- Historic coats of arms of East Sussex County Council
- History of local government in Sussex
- List of High Sheriffs of East Sussex
- List of hills of East Sussex
- The Keep:the county'sarchiveand record office, nearFalmer
- List of Lord Lieutenants of East Sussex
- Healthcare in Sussex
References
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- ^"High Sheriff".Lieutenancy of East Sussex.Retrieved3 March2024.
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- ^"Mid-Year Population Estimates, UK, June 2022".Office for National Statistics.26 March 2024.Retrieved3 May2024.
- ^"East Sussex County".Nomis.Archivedfrom the original on 23 June 2023.Retrieved4 December2023.
- ^"Brighton and Hove Local Authority".Nomis.Archivedfrom the original on 5 December 2023.Retrieved4 December2023.
- ^ab"Towns and cities, characteristics of built-up areas, England and Wales – Office for National Statistics".www.ons.gov.uk.Archivedfrom the original on 21 November 2023.Retrieved4 December2023.
- ^"East Sussex | Coastal Towns, Beaches, South Downs".Britannica.Archivedfrom the original on 24 July 2023.Retrieved24 July2023.
- ^Encyclopædia Britannica.Vol. 26 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 165–168. .
- ^"Battle of Hastings".Encyclopædia Britannica.Archivedfrom the original on 29 November 2023.Retrieved4 December2023.
- ^ConnectionsArchived25 May 2013 at theWayback MachineWest Sussex
- ^SeeList of civil parishes in East Sussex
- ^Prynn, Jonathan (23 May 2014)."Massive oil reserves lie under commuter belt in South, says report".London Evening Standard.p. 8.Archivedfrom the original on 27 November 2018.Retrieved26 November2018.
- ^"Met Office:English Climate".Met Office. Archived fromthe originalon 25 May 2007.Retrieved4 August2007.
- ^Bathurst, David (2012).Walking the county high points of England.Chichester: Summersdale. pp. 69–75.ISBN978-1-84-953239-6.
- ^Components may not sum to totals due to rounding
- ^includes hunting and forestry
- ^includes energy and construction
- ^includes financial intermediation services indirectly measured
- ^Key Statistics: Population; Quick Statistics: Economic indicatorsArchived11 February 2003 at theWayback Machine.(2011 censusand2001 census) Retrieved 27 February 2015.
- ^"Companies in East Sussex".SparkLines.Retrieved5 December2023.
- ^"Horsham and Reading show over 218% rise in commuting to London".the business magazine.July 2021.Archivedfrom the original on 5 December 2023.Retrieved4 December2023.
- ^"Agriculture in Sussex"(PDF).House of Commons Library.Retrieved6 December2023.
- ^Eastbourne Redoubt Fortress Military MuseumArchived18 June 2011 at theWayback MachineEastbourne Redoubt is the home of the Royal Sussex Regimental Museum
- ^"Heritage railways, steam railways and railway museums in South East".Railtracks.Archivedfrom the original on 29 October 2023.Retrieved4 December2023.
- ^"Spilsted Farm Airfield".Cristal Air.Archivedfrom the original on 2 July 2022.Retrieved4 December2023.
- ^"Kittyhawk Aerodrome".Kittyhawk Farm.Archivedfrom the original on 23 September 2023.Retrieved4 December2023.
- ^"Deanland Airfield".Deanland Airfield.Archivedfrom the original on 22 September 2023.Retrieved4 December2023.
- ^"Ferries to France".DFDS.Retrieved6 December2023.
- ^Seymour, Tom (5 December 2023)."British artist Jesse Darling wins 2023 Turner Prize".The Art Newspaper.Retrieved5 December2023.
- ^"'Range of options' on table after latest £900k loan default by i360 ".The Argus.7 January 2023.Retrieved6 December2023.
- ^"West Pier's 150th birthday to be celebrated in style".Brighton Argus & Gazette.5 September 2016.Retrieved6 December2023.
- ^"Eastbourne Pride 2024".Eastbourne Pride.Retrieved6 December2023.
- ^"Hastings Pride 27th August 2023".Hastings Pride.Retrieved6 December2023.
- ^"London to Brighton Veteran Car Run 2023".Royal Automobile Club.Retrieved6 December2023.
- ^"The History of Lewes: The Biggest Bonfire Night Celebration in the UK".Sky History.Archivedfrom the original on 14 November 2022.Retrieved4 December2023.
- ^"Lewes Women – Fixtures and Results".Football Web Pages.Archivedfrom the original on 11 August 2022.Retrieved4 December2023.
- ^"Cricket clubs in East Sussex".East Sussex.org.Retrieved5 December2023.
- ^"Rugby in East Sussex".East Sussex.org.Retrieved5 December2023.
- ^James, Ben (16 September 2014)."Spectacle over in a flash".Evening Argus.Retrieved5 December2023.
- ^"Cycling in East Sussex".East Sussex.org.Retrieved5 December2023.
- ^"East Sussex Golf Guide".Golf Pass.Retrieved5 December2023.
External links
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png)
- East SussexatCurlie
- Images of East Sussexat theEnglish Heritage Archive
- WW1 East Sussex,Sussex County Council
- Further historical information and sources on GENUKI