February 1919
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The following events occurred inFebruary 1919:
February 1,1919 (Saturday)
[edit]
- Estonian War of Independence– Estonian forces liberatedValgaandVõru,expelling theRed Armyfrom the entire territory ofEstonia.[1]
- Khotyn Uprising– TheRomanian Armyregained control ofKhotyn,Bessarabiafrom rebel forces. It was estimated Romanian forces inflicted 15,000 casualties on the ethnic Ukrainians over 12 days of fighting and forced 4,000 rebel soldiers and 50,000 refugees to cross theDniester Riverinto neighboringUkraine.[2][3]
- U.S. NavytroopshipUSSNarragansettran aground in theEnglish Channel,with over 3,500 people evacuated from the ship.[4]She was refloated on 17 February.[5]
- Car manufacturerSamuel Pandolfoand all members of his executive with thePan Motor Companywere convicted of fraud by trial jury inSt. Cloud, Minnesota.Despite an attempt to appeal the decision, mounting costs and poor public reactions lead to the company closing by 1923 after which Pandolfo surrendered to authorities and served two years in prison.[6]
- Cecil McKenzie Hill, chief instructor for the Canterbury Aviation Company, was killed in an air accident while flying overRiccarton, New Zealandin what was the country's first aircraft fatality.[7]
- TheGerman National Library of Economicswas founded as department for theKiel Institute for the World EconomyinKiel,Germany.[8]
- Clark County, Idahowas established with its seat inDubois.[9]
- Several rail stations were reopened inGreat Britainafter being closed down duringWorld War I,including stationsKingsknoweinEdinburgh,[10]RhosneigrinWales,[11]andGlassoninEngland.[12]
February 2,1919 (Sunday)
[edit]- Born:Lisa Della Casa,Swiss opera singer, best known for her collaborations withBavarian State OperaandMetropolitan Opera,inBurgdorf, Switzerland(d.2012);Anne Fogarty,American fashion designer, developed the sportswear look for women, author ofWife Dressing,inPittsburgh(d.1980);Ernst-Wilhelm Reinert,German air force officer, commander of theJagdgeschwader 77,Jagdgeschwader 27,andTaktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 31for theLuftwaffeduringWorld War II,recipient of theKnight's Cross of the Iron Cross,inLindenthal, Cologne,Germany(d.2007)
February 3,1919 (Monday)
[edit]
- Battle of Kiev– TheRed Armybegan a siege onKiev.[13]
- Battle of Rawicz– Polish rebel forces attempted to capture the town ofRawiczinGreater Polandfrom occupying German forces.[14]
- An estimated 12,000 British troops and six tanks were deployed to key points aroundGlasgowand the surrounding area to keep the peace followingriotsstemming from the largestgeneral strikeinScotland.[15]
- Éamon de Valera,the leader ofSinn Féin,escaped fromLincoln PrisoninEnglandalong with two other comrades in a breakout arranged by fellow Sinn Féin membersMichael CollinsandHarry Boland.[16]
- Auto engine manufacturerCumminswas established inColumbus, Indiana.[17]
- TheLondon UndergroundopenedDebden Stationon theCentral line.[18]
- Born:Bill Alley,Australian cricketer, batsmen for theNew South Wales cricket teamfrom 1946 to 1947 andSomerset County Cricket Clubfrom 1958 to 1968, inHornsby, New South Wales,Australia(d.2004)
- Died:Mary Moore, Irish actress, sister ofMatt,OwenandTom Moore,known for film roles includingA Million a Minute(b.1890)
February 4,1919 (Tuesday)
[edit]- Women were granted the right to vote and stand in elections inBelarus.[19][20]
- A new capital ofSlovakiawas established atBratislava,formerly Pressburg.[21]
- TheNew Zealand Rifle Brigadewas disbanded.[22]
- The first prototype of theBristol Badgeraircraft crashed on its test flight due to fuel supply problems. It was not until May that engineering issues were resolved and it could make a second flight.[23]
- TheUnited States Congressestablished three medals specific for theUnited States NavyandUnited States Marine Corps:
- TheNavy Distinguished Service Medal,which was to be awarded those that served in either the navy or marines, with the first presentation posthumously given toBrigadier GeneralCharles A. Doyen,for being the first marine officer to command aUnited States Armydivision inWorld War I.[24]
- TheNavy Cross,which was to be awarded to those that displayed exceptional or heroic service in theUnited States Navy.[25]
- TheTiffany Cross Medal of Honor,which was to be awarded to those that displayed heroic service outside of combat.[26]
- Born:Peter Butterworth,English actor, best known for his comedic roles in theCarry Onseries, andThe MonkinDoctor Who(d.1979);Janet Waldo,American actress, best known for the voices ofJudy JetsoninThe Jetsonsand Josie inJosie and the Pussycats,inYakima, Washington(d.2016)
- Died:William Gilbert,Australian politician, member of theSouth Australian House of Assemblyfrom 1881 to 1906 (b.1829)
February 5,1919 (Wednesday)
[edit]
- Battle of Kiev– TheRed ArmycapturedKiev.[27]
- TheUkrainian Soviet Socialist Republicestablished theDonets Governorate.It would eventually be abolished in 1925.[28]
- Battle of Rawicz– Polish rebel forces launched a second attempt to captureRawiczinGreater Polandafter German defenders repelled the first assault.[29]
- The9th Battalion of the Royal Queensland Regimentwas disbanded after the last members of the unit returned toAustralia.[30]
- Charlie Chaplin,Mary Pickford,Douglas FairbanksandD. W. GriffithlaunchedUnited Artists.[31]
- German air carrierDeutsche Luft-Reedereibegan offering regular flights betweenBerlinandWeimar,usingAEGandDFWaircraft.[32]
- Born:Red Buttons,American actor, known for his comedic and dramatic roles inHatari!,The Poseidon AdventureandPete's Dragon,recipient of theAcademy Award for Best Supporting ActorforSayonara,inNew York City(d.2006);Cornelia Fort,American air force officer, member of theWomen Airforce Service PilotsduringWorld War II,inNashville, Tennessee(d.1943,killed in an air crash);Tim Holt,American actor, best known for his film roles inThe Magnificent AmbersonsandThe Treasure of the Sierra Madre,inBeverly Hills, California(d.1973);Andreas Papandreou,Greek state leader, 3rd and 8thPrime Minister of Greeceduring theThird Hellenic Republic,inChios,Greece(d.1996);
- Died:William Michael Rossetti,English writer, member of thePre-Raphaelite Brotherhood(b.1829)
February 6,1919 (Thursday)
[edit]- Over 65,000 workers went onstrikeinSeattle,inciting theFirst Red Scarein theUnited States.[33]
- Battle of Rawicz– German forces repelled a second Polish assault to takeRawiczinGreater Poland.[34]
- The167thand169th Infantry Brigadesof theBritish Armywere disbanded.[35]
- Convicted war criminalMehmed Reshid,who was governor ofDiyarbekir vilayetin theOttoman Empireduring theArmenian genocide,was cornered by authorities after escaping from prison a few days earlier inConstantinople.He shot himself rather than be retaken into custody.[36]
- Sports clubSpikkestadwas established in theRøyken,Norway.It merged withRøykenin 1963 to becomeSpikkestad & Røyken (ROS).The club now offersfootball,handball,cycling,tennis,gymnastics,volleyballandskiing.[37]
- Born:Josef Stalder,Swiss gymnast, gold and silver medalist in the1948 Summer Olympics,silver and bronze medalist in the1952 Summer Olympics(d.1991)
- Died:Angel De Cora,American indigenous artist, known for promotingHo-Chunkart, instructor at theCarlisle Indian Industrial School(b.1871)
February 7,1919 (Friday)
[edit]- The city ofSeattleadded 600 men to the Seattle Police Force and hired another 2,400 deputies to counter theSeattle General Strike.Federal troops were summoned by thestate attorney generalofWashingtonto keep order in the city, along with 950U.S. Navysailors and marines.[38]Seattle MayorOle Hansonalso threatened to use 1,500 police and 1,500 troops to replace striking workers, but did not it carry through.[39]
- Britishpaddle steamerHMSErin's Islestruck a naval mine left over fromWorld War IoffNore,England,killed 23 passengers and crew on-board while another 28 survivors were rescued.[40][41]
- TheMichigan Supreme CourtruledHenry Fordhad to run theFord Motor Companyfor the interest of the shareholders, the first major legal citation of theshareholder primacyin corporate America.[42]
- Swedish airlineSvensk Lufttrafikwas established inStockholm.[43]While its operation was very short, it had briefly employed former German ace and futureNazileaderHermann Göring.[44]
- Garfield County, Montanawas established with its seat inJordan.[45]
- Jerome County, Idahowas established with its seat inJerome.[46]
- Born:Desmond Doss,American army medical officer, recipient of theMedal of Honorand twoBronze Star Medalswhile being aconscientious objectorduring theBattle of Okinawa,subject of the documentaryThe Conscientious Objectorand the war filmHacksaw Ridge,inLynchburg, Virginia(d.2006);Jock Mahoney,American actor and stuntman, best known for his lead in the television westernsThe Range RiderandYancy Derringer,inChicago(d.1989);Robert F. Yonash,American aviation engineer, member of the start-up team forTemco Aircraft,co-founder of theIntercontinental Manufacturing Company,inWadena, Minnesota(d.1997)
February 8,1919 (Saturday)
[edit]- Several striking transit workers returned to work to restore critical city transportation services inSeattlefollowing three days ofstrikingthat shut down the city.[47]
- French pilot Lucien Bossoutrot completed the first commercial flight betweenLondonandParis,flying aGoliaththat carried 12 passengers fromToussus-le-Noble,France,toRAF Kenley,England.[48]
- The first outlet of the public library systemOBAopened inAmsterdam.[49]
- TheBoca JuniorsdefeatedRosario Central1–0 in thefinalfootball match to win theCopa Ibargurenchampionship inBuenos Aires.[50]
February 9,1919 (Sunday)
[edit]
- Seattle MayorOle Hansonattributed theSeattle General Striketo theRussian Revolutionand stated to the news press that "any man who attempts to take over the control of the municipal government functions will be shot."[51]
- The Americanwomen's suffragegroupSilent Sentinelsburned aneffigyof U.S. PresidentWoodrow Wilsonin front of theWhite Houseduring a public campaign to pressure the American government to pass a constitutional amendment extending voting rights to women, which had been returned to theSenatefor another vote.[52]
- Berne Internationalwas established inBern,Switzerlandto re-establish theSecond Internationalsocialist organization, which had dissolved in 1916, to act as counterpart toCommunist International.[53]
- TheHoly Trinity Russian Orthodox Churchwas established inBaltimoreby a congregation ofBelarusianimmigrants.[54]
- TheBritish Columbia Amateur Hockey Associationwas established inVictoria, British Columbiaas the governing body for amateur hockey associations throughout the Canadian province, and eventually theYukon.[55]
February 10,1919 (Monday)
[edit]- The strike committee voted to end thegeneral strikein Seattle.[56]
- An amendment to theU.S. Constitutionthat would extend voting rights to women lost by only one vote in theUnited States Senate.[57][58]
- TheInter-Allied Women's Conference,convened to compile a list of women's issues to present to the delegates of theParis Peace Conference,[59]since they were barred from the official conference.[60]
- Battle of Rawicz– German forces failed to end the Polish siege onRawiczinGreater Poland.[61]
- German submarineSMUC-91foundered in the North Sea while on en route for formal surrender with the loss of seventeen of her crew.[62]
- Nankai Universitywas established, initially as a private institution, inTianjin,China.[63]
- TheBroken Hill railway lineinNew South Wales,Australiawas extended, with stationsEuabalong WestandMount Hopeserving the line.[64][65][66]
- Born:Bob Montgomery,American boxer,World Lightweight Championfrom 1943 to 1944, inSumter, South Carolina(d.1998)
February 11,1919 (Tuesday)
[edit]- Friedrich Ebertwaselectedas the firstPresident of Germanyby theWeimar National Assembly,beating challengerArthur von Posadowsky-Wehnerby a landslide of 277 to 49 votes and becoming the first democratically elected leader ofGermany.[67]
- TheSeattle General Strikeformally ended after shutting down the city for five days.[68]
- Caribou County, Idahowas established with its seat inSoda Springs.[69]
- Liberty County, Montanawas established with its seat inChester.[70]
- The sports clubGlassverketwas established inDrammen,Norway.The club offers competitivefootballandhandball.[71]
- Born:Eva Gabor,Hungarian actress, best known for lead her role in the 1960s television comedyGreen Acres,inBudapest(d.1995);Tom Leigh,Australian air force officer, member of theNo. 76 SquadronduringWorld War II,member of the escape team from the GermanPOWcampStalag Luft III,inWaverley, New South Wales,Australia(d.1944,executed)
- Died:John Hood,American naval officer, commander ofUSSHawkduring theSpanish–American WarandUSSTexasduringWorld War I(b.1859)
February 12,1919 (Wednesday)
[edit]- Soldiers with theCzechoslovak Legionopened fire on unarmed ethnic German and Hungarian demonstrators ofBratislavaprotesting against the city's incorporation intoCzechoslovakia.[72]
- TheUnited States Navyclosed its air naval base atBerehaven,Irelandfollowing the end ofWorld War I.[73]
- Beta Alpha Psiwas founded as an honor society for accounting and financial students at theUniversity of Illinois.[74]
- Born:Forrest Tucker,American actor, better known for his role in 1960s television comedyF Troop,inPlainfield, Indiana(d.1986);Ferruccio Valcareggi,Italianfootballplayer and manager,midfielderfor clubs includingFiorentinaandBolognafrom 1937 to 1954, inTrieste(d.2005);Russell L. Ackoff,American academic, developed the concepts ofoperations researchandsystems theory,inPhiladelphia(d.2009)
- Died:Joseph Arch,British politician, architect of theRepresentation of the People Act(b.1826);Harold Gilman,British painter, founding member of theCamden Town Group(b.1876)
February 13,1919 (Thursday)
[edit]
- Paris Peace Conference–Japanproposed the inclusion of a "racial equality clause"in theCovenant of the League of Nations.[75]
- The first democratically elected governing body ofGermanywas established, with acabinetunderPhilipp Scheidemannbeing the first administration of theWeimar Republic.[76]
- Portugal'sMonarchy of the Northended after civilians inPortorevolted, with support from theNational Republican Guard.[77]
- TheSocial Democratic Partywon a majority of the parliament seats in theelectionsinAbkhazia.[78]
- Concrete cutting and drilling tools manufacturerTyrolitwas established inSchwaz,Austria.[79]
- The sports clubRivadaviawas established inComodoro Rivadavia,Argentina,withbasketballandhandballprograms.[80]
- Born:Tennessee Ernie Ford,American country musician, known for his country hits "The Shotgun Boogie"and"Sixteen Tons"and the 1950s television variety seriesThe Ford Show,inBristol, Tennessee(d.1991);Joan Edwards,American singer, best known for her work on the radio showYour Hit Paradeand her collaborations withPaul Whiteman,inNew York City(d.1981)
- Born:Eddie Robinson,American football coach, head of theGrambling State Tigersfootball and basketball teams from 1941 to 1997, held the record for most season wins in theNCAA Division I,inJackson, Louisiana(d.2007);William Nierenberg,American physicist, member of theManhattan Projectand director of theScripps Institution of Oceanographyfrom 1965 to 1986, co-founder of theGeorge C. Marshall Institute,inNew York City(d.2000)
- Died:Matteo Albertone,Italian army officer, commander of Italian forces at theBattle of Adwaduring theFirst Italo-Ethiopian War(b.1840)
February 14,1919 (Friday)
[edit]- ThePolish–Soviet Warbegan with theBattle of Bereza Kartuska,with Polish forces capturing 80 soldiers with theRed Armyat what is now the town ofByaroza,Belarus.[81]
- TheNational Council of Georgiawas dissolved for the first free elections in theDemocratic Republic of Georgia,which also included women participating for the first time in national voting.[82][83][84]
- Died:Joseph J. Kinyoun,American public servant, founder of the United States' Hygienic Laboratory, the predecessor of theNational Institutes of Health(b.1860)
February 15,1919 (Saturday)
[edit]- A unit with the paramilitary organizationHaidamakamassacred1,500 Jewish villagers inProskurov, Ukraine,supposedly under orders ofSymon Petliura,president of theUkrainian People's Republic.[85]
- GeneralJohn J. PershingandTheodore Roosevelt Jr.,eldest son of the late U.S. PresidentTheodore Roosevelt,organized a dinner between non-career and career military officers at theParisYMCAto discuss creating a new organization for American servicemen involved inWorld War I,eventually leading to the creation of theAmerican Legion.[86]
- The sports clubIngolstadtwas established inIngolstadt,Germanywhere it now hosts 21 sports programs.[87]
- TheUnited States Navyclosed its air naval base atWexford,Irelandfollowing the end ofWorld War I.[88]
February 16,1919 (Sunday)
[edit]- A prolongation of the ceasefire between theAlliesandGermanyhelped end most of themajor fightingbetween the Germans and Polish rebels inGreater Poland,although skirmishes continued until the signing of theTreaty of Versailleson June 28.[89]
- Yugoslav troops massacred 432 Albanians inRugova,Albania.The atrocities were reported by theCommittee for the National Defence of Kosovo[90]
- TheSocial Democratic Party of Austriawon a majority of the seats inelectionsfor the Austrian Constituent Assembly, the first since the end of theWorld War Iand the establishment of theRepublic of German-Austria(later shortened toAustria). It was also the first time Austrian women could participate in elections,[91][92]and eight women were elected to assembly, includingAnna Boschek,Emmy Freundlich,Adelheid Popp,Gabriele Proft,Therese Schlesinger,Amalie Seidel,Maria Tusch, andHildegard Burjan.[93]
- TheSocial-Democratic Partywon the first free elections held in theDemocratic Republic of Georgiaand formed the firstConstituent Assembly of Georgia.[94]It was also the first time Georgian women participated in national voting.[95]
- TheYugoslav Muslim Organizationwas established inSarajevoby Yugoslav leaderMehmed Spaho.[96]
- Football clubShkodërwas established inShkodër,Albania.[97]
- Died:Eva Luckes,English nurse, matron of theRoyal London Hospitalfrom 1880 to 1919 (b.1854);Mark Sykes,British diplomat, leading adviser onMiddle Eastrelations to theDavid Lloyd Georgeadministration, co-architect of theSykes–Picot Agreement(b.1879);Vera Kholodnaya,Russian actress, known for her film roles inThe Woman Who Invented LoveandSong of Triumphant Love(b.1893)
February 17,1919 (Monday)
[edit]- Wilfrid Laurier,leader of theLiberal Party of Canada,Leader of the Opposition and formerly the seventhPrime Minister of Canada,died two years after his defeat in the federal election againstRobert Borden.He was the fourth longest serving prime minister in Canadian history and longest-serving leader of a Canadian political party.[98]
- Two football clubs were formed inGermany:Bahrenfelder[99]inBahrenfeld,Hamburg,andHeidingsfeld.[100]inWürzburg.
- Died:Robert Atkinson Gibson,American clergy, sixthBishopof theEpiscopal ChurchinVirginia(b.1846)
February 18,1919 (Tuesday)
[edit]- British troops deployed to control aviolent strikeinGlasgowwere recalled fromScotland.[101]
- Born:Jack Palance,American actor, known for his memorable performances in Western and thriller films includingPanic in the Streets,Sudden FearandShane,recipient ofAcademy Award for Best Supporting ActorforCity Slickers,inHazleton, Pennsylvania(d.2006);Amir-Abbas Hoveyda,Iranian state leader, 42ndPrime Minister of Iran,inTehran(d.1979,executed)
- Died:Henry Ragas,American jazz musician, pianist for theOriginal Dixieland Jass Band(b.1891);Ōyama Sutematsu,Japanese academic, first woman to receive a college degree inJapan(b.1860)
February 19,1919 (Wednesday)
[edit]- Queen Margaret Collegewas established inWellington,New Zealand as a school for girls from Years 1 to 13 (ages 5 to 18).[102]
- Sports clubSkiwas established inSki, Norway,with programs infootball,handball,track and field,floorball,ice hockey,tennisandgymnastics.[103]
- Born:Ross King,Canadian hockey player, goaltender and goal medalist for the Canadian hockey team at the1948 Winter Olympics,inPortage la Prairie,Manitoba(d.1972);Tikkavarapu Pattabhirama Reddy,Indian film director, known for films includingSamskara,inNellore,British India(d.2006)
- Died:Frederick DuCane Godman,British biologist, best known for research into the flora and fauna ofCentral America(b.1834);Fukushima Yasumasa,Japanese army officer, noted commander during theFirst Sino-Japanese WarandRusso-Japanese War,recipient of theOrder of the Bath(b.1852);I. C. Frimu,Romanian journalist and politician, founder of the newspaperRomânia Muncitoare,founding member of theSocial Democratic Party of Romania(b.1871)
February 20,1919 (Thursday)
[edit]
- Habibullah Khan,Emir of Afghanistan,was assassinated by Mustafa Seghir, an Indian spy employed by theUnited Kingdom.[104]
- TheBanat Republicwas formally dissolved, allowingRomaniaandYugoslaviato divide up territory in the region.[105]
- German submarineSMUC-71foundered in theNorth Seawhile en route for surrender.[106]
- Communist demonstrators inBudapestraided the newspaper office ofThe People's Voice,the official paper of theSocial Democratic Party of Hungary.Seven people, including police officers, were killed in the violence. As a result, the Hungarian government began arresting leaders of theSocialist Party of Hungaryand banning their publicationVörös Újság (Red News).[107]
- The1st Legions Infantry Divisionof thePolish Armywas established using veterans of thePolish Legionsthat served inWorld War I.[108]
- TheNebraska Capitol Commissionwas established to address deteriorating building conditions around theNebraska State Capitol.[109][110]
- Born:Joe Krol,Canadian football player,quarterbackfor theToronto Argonautsfrom 1945 to 1952, six timesGrey Cupchampion, inHamilton, Ontario(d.2008);Hugh Culverhouse,American sports executive, owner of theTampa Bay Buccaneersfrom 1974 to 1994, inBirmingham, Alabama(d.1994);Lursakdi Sampatisiri,Thai business leader, founder of theHilton Bangkok,inBangkok(d.2010)
- Died:Francisco Tongio Liongson,Filipino politician, 4thGovernor of Pampanga,member of theSenate of the Philippinesfrom 1916 to 1919 (b.1869)
February 21,1919 (Friday)
[edit]
- Kurt Eisner,leader of thePeople's State of Bavaria,was shot dead by German nationalistAnton Graf von Arco auf Valleywhile on his way to the legislature where he planned to announce his resignation as head of state.[111]
- Nasrullah KhanbecameEmir of Afghanistanafter his older brotherHabibullah Khanwas murdered the previous day.[112]
- The2nd Legions Infantry Divisionwas established by thePolish Army.[113]
- The first American fighter plane, theThomas-Morse,made its first test flight for theUnited States Army Air Service.[114][115]
- The American Radio and Research Corporation began broadcasting radio signals from their experimental broadcasting station1XEinMedford, Massachusettswith theSSGeorge Washingtonas it approachedBoston,which was carrying U.S. PresidentWoodrow Wilsonback from theParis Peace Conference.[116]
- GeorgiancomposerZacharia Paliashvilipremiered his operaAbesalom da Eteriat theTbilisi Opera and Ballet TheatreinTbilisi.Based on the medieval Georgian folk poemEteriani,the opera combined Georgian folk songs with traditional 19th-centuryRomanticthemes. Because of its popularity, passages of the opera were adapted as theNational Anthem of Georgiain 2004.[117]
- Swedish composerWilhelm Peterson-Bergerpremiered his operaThe Doomsday Prophetsat theRoyal Swedish OperainStockholm.[118]
- Born:Kehat Shorr,Romanian-Israeli athletics coach, head coach of the Israeli Olympic team for the1972 Summer Olympics,one of the 11 victims in theMunich massacre(d.1972,murdered)
- Died:John O'Connor Power,Irish politician, Member of Parliament ofMayofrom 1874 to 1885, member of theHome Rule League(b.1846);Mary Edwards Walker,American activist, only female recipient of theMedal of Honorfor her role as an army surgeon during theAmerican Civil War(b.1832);Alice Wheeldon,British activist, leading member of theWomen's Social and Political Union(b.1866)
February 22,1919 (Saturday)
[edit]- AconventiononIrish Home Rulewas held inPhiladelphia,leading to the formation of the American Commission on Irish Independence that would lobby for Irish independence efforts at theParis Peace Conference.[119]
- Women were able to run as candidates inelectionsfor the first time for seats in theParliamentfor theIsle of Man,though property restrictions for voters continued until 1969.[120]
- German submarineSMU-21foundered in theNorth Seawhile being towed for surrender.[121]
- TheUnited States Navyclosed its air naval base atFoyle,Irelandfollowing the end ofWorld War I.[122]
- ThePebble Beach Golf Linksopened inPebble Beach, California.[123]
- Born:Mary Maguire,Australian actress, known for her roles inHeritageandThe Outsider,inMelbourne(d.1974)
February 23,1919 (Sunday)
[edit]- An estimated 50,000 spectators witnessed the state funeral procession of former Canadian prime ministerWilfrid Laurieras it made its way toNotre Dame CemeteryinOttawa.[124]
- TheLatvian National Theatreofficially opened inRiga.[125]
- Born:Johnny Carey,Irish football player,defenderforManchester Unitedand theRepublic of Ireland national football teamfrom 1936 to 1953, inDublin(d.1995)
February 24,1919 (Monday)
[edit]- TheUnited States Congressestablished theAmerican Relief Administrationwith a budget of $100 million, later matched with another $100 million in private donations, to fund and organize relief aid to 23 European countries devastated byWorld War I.[126]
- TheBank of Estoniawas established by the provisional government to distribute the newEstonian markcurrency.[127]
- Konstantin Päts,Prime Minister of Estonia,established theCross of Libertyto honor those that served in theEstonian War of Independence.[128]
- Born:Nellie Connally,American social leader, 46thFirst Lady of Texas,wife toJohn Connally,passenger in thePresidential Limousineduring theassassination of John F. Kennedy,inAustin, Texas(d.2006);John Carl Warnecke,American architect, designer of many public buildings and monuments including theHawaii State Capitol,theJohn F. Kennedy Eternal Flamegrave site, andLafayette Square, Washington, D.C.,in,Oakland, California(d.2010)
February 25,1919 (Tuesday)
[edit]- An air traffic committee made up of representatives from 36 states in theBritish Empireunder the Council of Defence met for the first time.[129]
- Oregonplaced a one cent per US gallon (0.26¢/liter) tax ongasoline,becoming the first U.S. state to levy agasoline tax.[130][131]
- William Hale Thompsonretained his seat asMayor of Chicagoduringcity elections.[132]
- The13th Infantry Divisionof theUnited States Armywas disbanded.[133]
- Aircraft manufacturerAero Vodochodywas established inPrague,where it became known for its military aircraft.[134]
- Born:Karl H. Pribram,Austrian-American medical scientist, developed theholonomic brain theory,inVienna(d.2015);Monte Irvin,American baseball player, left fielder for theNewark EaglesandNew York Giants1938 to 1955,1954 World Serieschampion, inHaleburg, Alabama(d.2016);Clarence Seignoret,Dominican state leader, thirdPresident of Dominica,inRoseau,Dominica(d.2002)
February 26,1919 (Wednesday)
[edit]- TheGrand Canyon National Parkwas officially established, finally fulfilling efforts to establish the natural area as a national park that had been ongoing since 1882.[135]
- TheMaine Senatepassed a resolution allowing women to vote for candidates in theUnited States Electoral College.[136]
- Lafayette National Park was established nearBar Harbor, Maine,with the name attributed toAmerican RevolutionleaderMarquis de Lafayette.It was later renamedAcadia National Parkin 1929.[137]
- Born:Constant Tonegaru,Romanian artist and poet, member of theSburătorulliterary movement, inGalați,Romania(d.1952)
- Died:Anne Isabella Thackeray Ritchie,English writer, author ofMrs. DymondandFrom An Island,daughter ofWilliam Makepeace Thackeray(b.1837)
February 27,1919 (Thursday)
[edit]
- Princess Patricia of ConnaughtmarriedRoyal NavyofficerAlexander Ramsay,who was from a common background, in the firstroyal weddingheld atWestminster Abbeysince the 14th century.[138][139]
- TheWorld War Isong "How Ya Gonna Keep 'em Down on the Farm (After They've Seen Paree)?"became one of the biggest music hits of the year, starting withVictor Recordsreleasing a single byArthur Fields,followed by another single byNora BayesandBilly Murrayin March. A jazz version byJames Reese Europereleased throughPathé Recordswas also popular.[140][141]
- The oldest newspaper inAbkhazia,theApsny,was established with national poetDmitry Guliaas editor.[142]
- Born:Johnny Pesky,American baseball player, shortstop and third baseman for theBoston Red Sox,Detroit TigersandWashington Senatorsfrom 1942 to 1954, inPortland, Oregon(d.2012)
- Died:George F. Edmunds,American politician, U.S. Senator fromVermontfrom 1866 to 1891 (b.1828);Robert Harris,Welsh-Canadian painter, known for his portrait of theFathers of ConfederationofCanada(b.1848);George A. Porterfield,American army officer, commander of the25th Virginia Infantry Regimentduring theAmerican Civil War(b.1822)
February 28,1919 (Friday)
[edit]
- The Soviet republics ofLithuaniaandByelorussiamerged to become theSocialist Soviet Republic of Lithuania and Belorussia,with the capital inVilnius(although it was moved toMinskin April).[143]
- Paris Peace Conference– TheAlliesinformedHungaryof a new demarcation line inTransylvaniathat would allowRomaniato advance more of its armed forces to occupy territory, with a demilitarized zone of 5 km west of the line to ensure the cities ofSzatmátnémeti,NagyváradandAradwould not be occupied by Romanian forces.[144]
- Amanullah Khanoverthrew his brotherNasrullah Khanto becomeEmir of Afghanistan.[145]
- An independence mission to theUnited States,funded by the Philippine legislature, set out fromManilato present a case for sovereignty for thePhilippinestoU.S. Secretary of WarNewton D. Baker.[146]
- The student newspaperThe Mirrorwas first published at theUniversity of Northern Colorado.[147]
- TheAurorafootball club was established inBusto Arsizio,Italy.[148]
- The city ofCalipatria, Californiawas established.[149]
- Born:Brian Urquhart,British diplomat,Under-Secretary-General of the United Nationsfrom 1971 to 1985, inDorset,England(d.2021)
- Died:Daniel Russell Brown,American politician, 43rdGovernor of Rhode Island(b.1848)
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{{cite web}}:Check|url=value (help) - ^PAWEŁ PIOTR WIECZORKIEWICZ, WRZESIEŃ 1939 - PRÓBA NOWEGO SPOJRZENIA
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