Fehmarn
 | This articleneeds additional citations forverification.(January 2019) |
Fehmarn | |
|---|---|
 Aerial view | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
Location of Fehmarn within Ostholstein district  | |
  Fehmarn  Fehmarn | |
| Coordinates:54°26′43″N11°10′13″E/ 54.4454°N 11.1702°E | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Schleswig-Holstein |
| District | Ostholstein |
| Government | |
| •Mayor | Jörg Weber (SPD) |
| Area | |
| • Total | 185.45 km2(71.60 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 10 m (30 ft) |
| Population (2022-12-31)[1] | |
| • Total | 13,247 |
| • Density | 71/km2(190/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00(CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00(CEST) |
| Postal codes | 23769 |
| Dialling codes | 04371 und 04372 |
| Vehicle registration | OH |
| Website | www.stadtfehmarn.de |
Fehmarn(German:[ˈfeːmaʁn];Danish:Femern;from OldWagrianSlavic"Fe More",meaning"In the Sea") is an island in theBaltic Sea,off the eastern coast ofGermany's northernmost state ofSchleswig-Holstein.It is Germany's third-largest island, afterRügenandUsedom.Fehmarn is separated from the German peninsula ofWagriainHolsteinby the Fehmarn Sound, and from the southernDanishisland ofLollandby theFehmarn Belt.It is connected to the Holsatian mainland by theFehmarn Sound Bridge.The island belongs to the district ofOstholstein(East Holstein). The closest larger towns on the mainland areHeiligenhafen(Saints’ Harbor) andOldenburg in Holstein(founded asStarigard). Right opposite Fehmarn, on the tip of the Wagrian Peninsula, isGroßenbrode.
TheVogelfluglinie(Danish: Fugleflugtslinjen), an importanttransport corridorconnecting the Danish capital ofCopenhagenon the island ofZealandto the second-largest German city ofHamburgviaLübeck,runs across the island. There are currently two tunnels under construction in the region: theFehmarn Belt TunnelbetweenPuttgardenon Fehmarn andRødbyhavnon Lolland, and theFehmarn Sound Tunnelbetween Strukkamp (Fehmarn) and Großenbrode (Wagria). The most notable settlements on Fehmarn are Burg auf Fehmarn (Low German:Borg op Fehmarn) and Puttgarden, with the island's ferry port.
Fehmarn isallegoricallyrepresented by the "Goldene Krone im blauen Meer" (Golden Crown in the blue Sea), which can be seen on many flags on the island, making reference to theHouse of Oldenburg,the Danish royal house.
History
[edit]
The Golden Crown flag of Fehmarn
Earlier names of the island are Femera, Fimbria, Cimbria parva, and Imbra.[2]As a part ofWagria,it was settled by the SlavicLechitictribe ofWagriin theEarly Middle Ages.Fehmarn is one of the westernmost places of the former contiguous settlement area of theSlavs,and the westernmost island with a former Slavic settlement. The name of the island itself derives from thePolabianfe more(in the sea), modernv more,and has the same etymological background asPomerania,deriving frompo more,at the sea.[3]Puttgardenis also a Slavic name, deriving frompod gard,which meansunder the castle(onRügenexists a village with the same etymological background, evolving into the modern formPutgarten).
Other Slavic-founded villages on Fehmarn are Bannesdorf, Dänschendorf, Gahlendorf, Gammendorf-Siedendorf, Gollendorf, Hinrichsdorf, Klausdorf, Kopendorf, Lemkendorf, Meeschendorf, Püttsee, Sahrensdorf, Schlagsdorf, Sulsdorf and Vitzdorf. The villages of Bisdorf, Presen and Staberdorf are either Slavic-founded or founded by Germanic colonists fromHolstein,Dithmarschen,Frisia,Lower SaxonyandDenmark,who settled the island from around 1200 onwards. The Slavs inhabiting the island were graduallyChristianizedandGermanized.
From the Middle Ages till 1864 Fehmarn formed part of the DanishDuchy of Schleswig.When the duchy was partitioned in 1544, it formed part of the duchy ofJohn the Elder.Upon his death without heirs in 1580, Fehmarn became part of theDuchy of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp.After theGreat Northern War,Fehmarn, along with the rest of Schleswig was united with the Danish crown. In 1864, Schleswig passed toPrussiaas a result of theSecond Schleswig War.
On 26 July 1932, the German Navy's training shipNiobesank off the island during a sudden squall, with the loss of 69 lives. At Gammendorfer Strand on Fehmarn, within view of the site of the sinking, the Niobe-Denkmal monument was erected.
Since 1963, Fehmarn has been connected to the German mainland by a road and rail bridge crossing theFehmarn Sound Bridge.It is 963.40 m (3160.76 ft.) long and 69 m high.
Geography
[edit]The area is 185 km2and the coastline is 78 km. The highest hills are the "Hinrichsberg" (27.2 m) and the "Wulfener Berg" (26.5 m). The largest community on Fehmarn isBurg() (lit. "the Town of Fehmarn" ), with 6,000 inhabitants. In addition, there are many small villages, includingVadersdorf.
Climate
[edit]| Climate data for Fehmarn (1991–2020 normals) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 3.7 (38.7) |
4.0 (39.2) |
6.4 (43.5) |
10.9 (51.6) |
15.3 (59.5) |
18.7 (65.7) |
21.0 (69.8) |
21.3 (70.3) |
17.8 (64.0) |
13.0 (55.4) |
8.2 (46.8) |
5.1 (41.2) |
12.1 (53.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 2.1 (35.8) |
2.3 (36.1) |
4.0 (39.2) |
7.6 (45.7) |
11.9 (53.4) |
15.5 (59.9) |
17.9 (64.2) |
18.1 (64.6) |
15.2 (59.4) |
10.9 (51.6) |
6.6 (43.9) |
3.6 (38.5) |
9.7 (49.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 0.3 (32.5) |
0.5 (32.9) |
1.8 (35.2) |
4.8 (40.6) |
8.8 (47.8) |
12.4 (54.3) |
14.8 (58.6) |
15.1 (59.2) |
12.6 (54.7) |
8.7 (47.7) |
4.8 (40.6) |
1.9 (35.4) |
7.2 (45.0) |
| Averageprecipitationmm (inches) | 42.1 (1.66) |
33.9 (1.33) |
32.4 (1.28) |
29.1 (1.15) |
43.7 (1.72) |
54.2 (2.13) |
56.3 (2.22) |
63.7 (2.51) |
45.7 (1.80) |
50.6 (1.99) |
47.8 (1.88) |
43.9 (1.73) |
543.7 (21.41) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 16.6 | 14.6 | 13.2 | 11.2 | 12.9 | 12.8 | 14.5 | 15.0 | 13.4 | 16.9 | 16.3 | 16.6 | 174.0 |
| Average snowy days(≥ 1.0 cm) | 6.6 | 4.7 | 3.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.3 | 2.6 | 19.9 |
| Averagerelative humidity(%) | 88.5 | 87.1 | 85.2 | 82.4 | 80.3 | 79.3 | 79.4 | 79.1 | 79.9 | 83.1 | 86.8 | 88.3 | 83.6 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 43.9 | 69.5 | 139.5 | 212.1 | 264.3 | 257.8 | 261.3 | 225.6 | 173.9 | 113.8 | 52.2 | 34.8 | 1,846.9 |
| Source:NOAA[4] | |||||||||||||
Transport
[edit]TheFehmarn Belt,a strait separating Fehmarn from Lolland, is located on the side opposite the German mainland. It can be crossed by ferries travelling between the seaports ofPuttgarden,Germany, andRødbyhavn,Denmark.The crossing takes about 45 minutes.
On 29 June 2007, the Danish and German authorities gave the go-ahead for theFehmarn Belt Fixed Linktunnel project, planned for completion in 2028.[5]
The aforementioned 963-metre (3,159 ft) longFehmarn Sound Bridgeconnects the German island of Fehmarn with the German mainland near Großenbrode.
Nature
[edit]The coasts serve as resting places formigratory birds,and it is thus a popular location forornithologists.The island's bird reserves are looked after byNABU's conservation centre at theWallnau Waterbird Reserve.In Burg there is a largeaquariumwith 40 fish tanks.
Fehmarn is famous for its nature and recreation areas, especially during summertime (July–September) and is also well known for itswindsurfandkitesurfspots. Currently there are more than ten surfspots known on the island.
Culture
[edit]Scharwenzelis a card game for two teams with two to four players on each team. The game is at least three centuries old and is played today only on Fehmarn.
Fehmarn was the location ofJimi Hendrix'sfinal concert,at the Open Air Love & Peace Festival, on 6 September 1970. The concert was held at Flügge Beach in the southwest. There is a memorial stone there and from 1995 through 2010, theJimi-Hendrix-Revival-Festivalwas celebrated annually in September.
TheSt. Nicholas Churchhas abaptismal fontthat dates from 1391.[6]
Notable residents
[edit]- Johann Horkel(1769 in Burg auf Fehmarn – 1846), a German physician and botanist.
- Benedikt Niese(1849 in Burg auf Fehmarn – 1910), a German classical scholar.
- Charlotte Niese(1854 in Burg auf Fehmarn – 1935), a German writer, poet and teacher.
- Frederick W. Schumacher(1863–1957), an American philanthropist and businessman.
- Ernst Ludwig Kirchner(1880–1938), a German expressionist painter and printmaker, lived on the island 1908 to 1912–1914.
- Peter Wiepert(1890-1980), builder and writer; born in the village of Bisdorf. The museum on the island is named after him.
- Lina Heydrich(1911–1985), born in the village of Avendorf. Her husbandReinhard Heydrich,(1904–1942) was a high-ranking German SS and police official and principal architect of the Holocaust. They had a summer home on the island which she ran as a restaurant after the war, until it burned down in February 1969.[7]
- Jürgen Blin(1943–2022), a boxer, born on the island.
Gallery
[edit]-
Flügge lighthouse -
Fehmarn sound bridge – view from east -
The seaport of Puttgarden -
Ruins of theGlambækcastle -
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See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^"Bevölkerung der Gemeinden in Schleswig-Holstein 4. Quartal 2022"(XLS)(in German).Statistisches Amt für Hamburg und Schleswig-Holstein.
- ^"ORBIS LATINUS - Letter F".
- ^"Die Sonneninsel Fehmarn".
- ^"Fehmarn Climate Normals 1991–2020".National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.Archived fromthe originalon 16 September 2023.Retrieved16 September2023.
- ^http://www.femern.com/Home/Project/Timetable[permanent dead link]
- ^St Nikolai Kirche,st-nikolai-kirche-burg.de, retrieved 30 March 2014
- ^Lehrer, Steven (2000).Wannsee House and the Holocaust.p. 196.ISBN978-0-7864-0792-7.
External links
[edit]
- .Encyclopædia Britannica.Vol. 10 (11th ed.). 1911.
- .Collier's New Encyclopedia.1921.
- Satellite map from Google Maps
- Stadt Fehmarn
- Fehmarn Events
- Fehmarn Genealogy
- Fehmarn Webcam
- Fehmarn und Umgebung
- Fehmarn Heute, Urlaub und Freizeit
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