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Frank Herbert

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For the politician, seeFrank Herbert (politician).

Frank Herbert
Herbert in 1984
Herbert in 1984
BornFranklin Patrick Herbert Jr.
(1920-10-08)October 8, 1920
Tacoma, Washington,U.S.
DiedFebruary 11, 1986(1986-02-11)(aged 65)
Madison, Wisconsin,U.S.
OccupationNovelist
EducationUniversity of Washington(no degree)
Period1945–1986
GenreScience fiction
Literary movementNew Wave
Notable worksDune
Notable awards
Hugo Award for Best Novel
Nebula Award for Best Novel
Spouse
  • Flora Lillian Parkinson
    ​
    ​
    (m.1941;div.1943)​
    [1]
  • Beverly Ann Stuart
    ​
    ​
    (m.1946;died1984)​
    [2]
  • Theresa Diane Shackelford
    ​
    ​
    (m.1985)​
Children3, includingBrian Herbert
Signature
Literature portal

Franklin Patrick Herbert Jr.(October 8, 1920 – February 11, 1986) was an Americanscience-fictionauthor, best known for his 1965 novelDuneand its five sequels. He also wrote short stories and worked as a newspaper journalist, photographer, book reviewer, ecological consultant, and lecturer.

Duneis the best-selling science fiction novel of all time,[3]and the series is a classic of the science-fictiongenre.[4]TheDunesaga,set in the distant future and taking place over millennia, explores complex themes, such as the long-term survival of the human species, humanevolution,planetary scienceand ecology, and the intersection of religion, politics, economics, sex, andpowerin a future where humanity has long since developed interstellar travel and colonized many thousands of worlds.

The series has been adapted numerous times, including the feature filmDune(1984), the miniseriesFrank Herbert's DuneandChildren of Dune,and a motion picture trilogy currently in production, withDune(2021) andDune: Part Two(2024) having been released.[5][6]

Biography

[edit]
Herbert's novellaThe Priests of Psiwas the cover story for the February 1960 issue ofFantastic.

Early life

[edit]

Frank Patrick Herbert Jr. was born on October 8, 1920, inTacoma, Washington,[7][8]to Frank Patrick Herbert Sr. and Eileen (néeMcCarthy) Herbert.[9]His paternal grandparents had come west in 1905 to join Burley Colony in Kitsap County, one of many utopian communes springing up in Washington State beginning in the 1890s.[10]His upbringing included spending a lot of time on the ruralOlympicandKitsap Peninsulas.[11]He was fascinated by books, could read much of the newspaper before the age of five, had an excellent memory, and learned quickly.[12]He had an early interest in photography, buying aKodak boxcamera at age ten, a new folding camera in his early teens, and a color film camera in the mid-1930s.[12]Due to his parents' drinking, he ran away from home with his little sister, 5-year-old Patricia Lou, in 1938 to live with Frank's favorite maternal aunt, Peggy "Violet" Rowntree, and her husband, Ken Rowntree, Sr.[13]Within weeks, Patricia moved back home. But Frank, 18, remained with his aunt and uncle.

Education

[edit]

He enrolled in high school at Salem High School (nowNorth Salem High School), where he graduated the next year.[13]In 1939, his parents and sister had moved to Los Angeles, California, so Frank followed them. He lied about his age to get his first newspaper job at theGlendale Star.[14]Herbert then returned to Salem in 1940 where he worked for theOregon Statesmannewspaper (nowStatesman Journal) in a variety of positions, including photographer.[13]

Herbert married Flora Lillian Parkinson inSan Pedro,California,in 1941. They had one daughter, Penelope (b. February 16, 1942), and divorced in 1943.[1]During 1942, after the U.S. entry intoWorld War II,he served in theU.S. Navy'sSeabeesfor six months as a photographer, but suffered a head injury and was given a medical discharge. Herbert subsequently moved toPortland, Oregonwhere he reported forThe Oregon Journal.[15]

After the war, Herbert attended theUniversity of Washington,where he met Beverly Ann Stuart at a creative writing class in 1946. They were the only students who had sold any work for publication; Herbert had sold twopulpadventure stories to magazines, the first toEsquirein 1945 titled "Survival of the Cunning", and Stuart had sold a story toModern Romancemagazine. They married in Seattle in 1946, and had two sons,Brian(b. 1947) and Bruce (1951–1993).[16][17]In 1949 Herbert and his wife moved to California to work on the Santa RosaPress-Democrat.Here they befriended the psychologists Ralph and Irene Slattery. The Slatterys introduced Herbert to the work of several thinkers who would influence his writing, includingFreud,Jung,JaspersandHeidegger;they also familiarized Herbert withZen Buddhism.[18]

Herbert never graduated from college. According to his son Brian, he wanted to study only what interested him and so did not complete the required curriculum. He returned to journalism and worked at theSeattle Starand theOregon Statesman.He was a writer and editor for theSan Francisco Examiner'sCalifornia Livingmagazine for a decade.

Early career

[edit]

In a 1973 interview, Herbert stated that he had been reading science fiction "about ten years" before he began writing in the genre, and he listed his favorite authors asH. G. Wells,Robert A. Heinlein,Poul AndersonandJack Vance.[19]

Herbert's first science fiction story, "Looking for Something", was published in the April 1952 issue ofStartling Stories,then a monthly edited by Samuel Mines. Three more of his stories appeared in 1954 issues ofAstounding Science FictionandAmazing Stories.[20]His career as a novelist began in 1955 with the serial publication ofUnder PressureinAstoundingfrom November 1955; afterward it was issued as a book byDoubledaytitledThe Dragon in the Sea.[20]The story explored sanity and madness in the environment of a 21st-century submarine and predicted worldwide conflicts overoilconsumption and production.[21]It was a critical success but not a major commercial one. During this time Herbert also worked as aspeechwriterforRepublicansenatorGuy Cordon.[22]

Dune

[edit]
TheOregon DunesnearFlorence, Oregon,served as an inspiration for theDunesaga.

Herbert began researchingDunein 1959.[23]He was able to devote himself wholeheartedly to his writing career because his wife returned to work full-time as an advertising writer for department stores, becoming theirbreadwinnerduring the 1960s.[24]The novelDunewas published in 1965, which spearheaded theDunefranchise.[25]He later toldWillis E. McNellythat the novel originated when he was assigned to write a magazine article about sand dunes in theOregon DunesnearFlorence, Oregon.[26]He got overinvolved and ended up with far more raw material than needed for an article; while the article was never written, it planted in Herbert the seed that would becomeDune.[27]Another possible source of inspiration forDunewas Herbert's purported experiences withpsilocybin,according tomycologistPaul Stamets's account, which describes Herbert's hobby of cultivatingchanterelles.[28]The biography of Frank Herbert,Dreamer of Dune,written by his son Brian Herbert, confirms that the author was passionate about culinary mushrooms but not his use of psilocybin.[12]

Dunetook six years of research and writing to complete and was much longer than other commercial science fiction of the time.[29]Analog(the renamedAstounding,still edited byJohn W. Campbell) published it in two parts comprising eight installments, "Dune World" from December 1963 and "Prophet of Dune" in 1965.[20]It was then rejected by nearly twenty book publishers.[citation needed]One editor prophetically wrote, "I might be making the mistake of the decade, but..."[30]

Sterling E. Lanier,an editor ofChilton Book Company(known mainly for its auto-repair manuals), had read the Dune serials and offered a $7,500 advance plus future royalties for the rights to publish them as a hardcover book.[31]Herbert rewrote much of his text.[32]

Dunewas soon a critical success.[30]It won theNebula Awardfor Best Novel in 1965 and shared theHugo Awardin 1966 with...And Call Me ConradbyRoger Zelazny.[33]

Dunewas not an immediate bestseller, although by 1968 Herbert had made $20,000 from it, far more than most science fiction novels of the time.[34]It was not, however, enough to let him take up full-time writing.[35]The publication ofDunedid open doors for him; he was theSeattle Post-Intelligencer'seducation writer from 1969 to 1972 and lecturer ingeneral studiesandinterdisciplinary studiesat the University of Washington (1970–1972).[citation needed]He worked inVietnamandPakistanas a social and ecological consultant in 1972, and in 1973 he was director-photographer of the television showThe Tillers.[36]

I don't worry about inspiration or anything like that.... later, coming back and reading what I have produced, I am unable to detect the difference between what came easily and when I had to sit down and say, "Well, now it's writing time and now I'll write."[37]

— Frank Herbert

By the end of 1972, Herbert had retired from newspaper writing and became a full-time fiction writer. During the 1970s and 1980s, he enjoyed considerable commercial success as an author. He divided his time between homes inHawaiiandWashington'sOlympic Peninsula;his home inPort Townsendon the peninsula was intended to be an "ecological demonstration project".[38][page needed]During this time he wrote numerous books and pushed ecological and philosophical ideas. He continued hisDunesagawithDune Messiah(1969),Children of Dune(1976),God Emperor of Dune(1981),Heretics of Dune(1984) andChapterhouse: Dune(1985). Herbert planned to write a seventh novel to conclude the series, but his death in 1986 left storylines unresolved.[39]

Other works by Herbert includeThe Godmakers(1972),The Dosadi Experiment(1977),The White Plague(1982) and the books he wrote in partnership withBill Ransom:The Jesus Incident(1979),The Lazarus Effect(1983) andThe Ascension Factor(1988), which were sequels to Herbert's 1966 novelDestination: Void.He also helped launch the career ofTerry Brookswith a very positive review of Brooks' first novel,The Sword of Shannara,in 1977.[40]

Success, family changes, and death

[edit]

Herbert's change in fortune was shadowed by tragedy. In 1974, his wife Beverly underwent treatment forlung cancer.She lived ten more years, but her health was adversely affected by the treatment.[41]In October 1978, Herbert was the featured speaker at the Octocon II science fiction convention held at the El Rancho Tropicana inSanta Rosa,California.[42]In 1979, he met anthropologist Jim Funaro with whom he conceived theContact Conference.[43]Beverly Herbert died on February 7, 1984.[2]Herbert completed and publishedHeretics of Dunethat year. In his afterword to 1985'sChapterhouse: Dune,Herbert included a dedication to Beverly.

The year 1984 was a tumultuous year in Herbert's life. During this same year of his wife's death, his career took off with the release ofDavid Lynch's film version ofDune.Despite high expectations, a big-budget production design and anA-listcast, the movie drew mostly poor reviews in the United States. However, despite a disappointing response in the US, the film was a critical and commercial success in Europe and Japan.[32]

In 1985, after Beverly's death, Herbert married his former Putnam representative Theresa Shackleford.[44]The same year he publishedChapterhouse: Dune,which tied up many of the saga's story threads. This would be Herbert's final single work (the collectionEyewas published that year, andMan of Two Worldswas published in 1986). He died of a massivepulmonary embolismwhile recovering from surgery forpancreatic canceron February 11, 1986, inMadison, Wisconsin,aged 65.[38][45]

Political views

[edit]

Herbert was aRepublican[46]and afeministand anenvironmentalist.[47]His political views have been variously described asconservative,[46]nationalist,reactionist,[48]andlibertarian.[49]Herbert was politically active within the Republican party, and worked as a speechwriter for several politicians, including SenatorGuy Cordon.Herbert also volunteered on the campaign of Republican William Blintz in the1958 Washington Senate election,who unsuccessfully challenged the incumbent DemocratHenry M. Jackson.[50]

Herbert was a critic of theSoviet Union.He was a distant relative of theRepublicansenatorJoseph McCarthy,whom he referred to as "Cousin Joe". However, he was appalled to learn of McCarthy's blacklisting of suspected communists from working in certain careers and believed that he was endangering essential freedoms of citizens of the United States.[51]Herbert also opposedAmerican involvement in the war in Vietnam.[52]He was also critical ofwelfare,arguing that it increased dependence on the state.[46]

Herbert believed that governments lie to protect themselves and that, following theWatergate scandal,PresidentRichard Nixonhad unwittingly taught an important lesson in not trusting government.[53][54]He considered Nixon a better president thanJohn F. Kennedy,calling the latter "one of the most dangerous presidents this country ever had."[55]He praised PresidentRonald Reagan,for his pro-family and pro-individualiststances, while opposinghis foreign policy.[46]

InChapterhouse: Dune,he wrote:

All governments suffer a recurring problem: Power attractspathologicalpersonalities.It is not thatpower corruptsbut that it is magnetic to the corruptible. Such people have a tendency to become drunk on violence, a condition to which they are quickly addicted.

— Frank Herbert,Chapterhouse: Dune[41]: 59 

Frank Herbert believed civil service to be "one of the most serious errors we made as a democracy" and that bureaucracy negatively impacts the lives of people in all forms of government. He stated that "every such bureaucracy eventually becomes an aristocracy" and uses preferential treatment and nepotism in favor of bureaucrats as his main arguments.[56]

Ideas and themes

[edit]

Frank Herbert used his science fiction novels to explore complex[57]ideas involvingphilosophy,religion,psychology,politicsandecology.The underlying thrust of his work was a fascination with the question of human survival andevolution.Herbert has attracted a dedicated fan base, many of whom have attempted to read everything he wrote (fiction or non-fiction); indeed, such was the devotion of some of his readers that Herbert was at times asked if he was founding acult,[58]a proposition which he very much rejected.

There are a number of key themes found in Herbert's work:

  • A concern with leadership: Herbert explored the human tendency to slavishly submit itself tocharismaticleaders. He delved into both the flaws and potentials ofbureaucracyand government.[21]
  • Herbert was among the first science fiction authors to popularize ideas about ecology[59]andsystems thinking.He stressed the need for humans to think bothholisticallyand with regards to the long-term.[60]
  • The relationship between religion, politics andpower.[61]
  • Human survival and evolution: Herbert writes of theFremen,theSardaukar,and theDosadi,who are molded by their terrible living conditions into dangerous super races.[62]
  • Human possibilities and potential: Herbert offeredMentats,theBene Gesseritand theBene Tleilaxas different visions of human potential.
  • The nature ofsanityandmadness.Frank Herbert was interested in the work ofThomas Szaszand theanti-psychiatrymovement. Often, Herbert poses the question, "What is sane?",and while there are clearly examples of insane behavior and psychopathy to be found in his works (as evinced by characters such asPiter De Vries), it is often suggested that normal and abnormal are relative terms which humans are sometimes ill-equipped to apply to one another, especially on the basis of statistical regularity.[21]
  • The possible effects and consequences ofconsciousness-altering chemicals, such asthe spicein theDunesaga, as well as the 'Jaspers' fungus inThe Santaroga Barrier,and theKelpin theDestination: Voidsequence.[21]
  • How language shapes thought. More specifically, Herbert was influenced byAlfred Korzybski'sGeneral Semantics.[63]Algis Budryswrote that Herbert's knowledge of language andlinguisticswas 'worth at least one PhD and the Chair ofPhilologyat a good New England college'.[64]
  • Learning,teaching, andthinking.[21]

Frank Herbert refrained from offering his readers formulaic answers to many of the questions he explored.[21]

Status and influence on science fiction

[edit]
The Dune Peninsula atPoint Defiance ParkinTacoma, Washington,with the volcanoMount Rainierin the distance

Duneand theDunesagaconstitute one of the world's best-selling science fiction series and novels;Dunein particular has received widespread critical acclaim, winning theNebula Awardin 1965 and sharing the Hugo Award in 1966, and is frequently considered one of the best science fiction novels ever, if not the best.[65]Locussubscribers voted it the all-time best SF novel in 1975, again in 1987, and the best "before 1990" in 1998.[66]

Duneis considered a landmark novel for a number of reasons:

  • Duneis a landmark ofsoft science fiction.Herbert deliberately suppressed technology in hisDuneuniverse so that he could address the future of humanity, rather than the future of humanity's technology.Duneconsiders the way humans and their institutions might change over time.[67][68]
  • Frank Herbert was a great popularizer of scientific ideas. InDune,he helped popularize the termecology.Gerald Jonas explains inThe New York Times Book Review:"So completely did Mr. Herbert work out the interactions of man and beast and geography and climate thatDunebecame the standard for an emerging subgenre of 'ecological' science fiction. "
  • Duneis considered an example of literary world-building.The Library Journalreports that "Duneis to science fiction whatThe Lord of the Ringsis to fantasy ".Arthur C. Clarkeis quoted as making a similar statement on the back cover of a paper edition ofDune.[69]Frank Herbert imagined every facet of his creation. He included glossaries, quotes, documents, and histories, to bring his universe alive to his readers. No science fiction novel before it had so vividly realized life on another world.[21]

Herbert never again equalled the critical acclaim he received forDune.Neither his sequels toDunenor any of his other books won a Hugo or Nebula Award, although almost all of them wereNew York TimesBest Sellers.[70]

Malcolm Edwardswrote, inThe Encyclopedia of Science Fiction:[71]

Much of Herbert's work makes difficult reading. His ideas were genuinely developed concepts, not merely decorative notions, but they were sometimes embodied in excessively complicated plots and articulated in prose which did not always match the level of thinking [...] His best novels, however, were the work of a speculative intellect with few rivals in modern science fiction.

TheScience Fiction Hall of Fameinducted Herbert in 2006.[70][72][73]

California State University, Fullerton's Pollack Library has several of Herbert's draft manuscripts ofDuneand other works, with the author's notes, in their Frank Herbert Archives.[74]

Metro Parks Tacomabuilt Dune Peninsula and the Frank Herbert Trail atPoint Defiance Parkin July 2019 to honor the hometown writer.[75]

Bibliography

[edit]
Main article:Frank Herbert bibliography

Posthumously published works

[edit]

Beginning in 2012, Herbert's estate andWordFire Presshave released four previously unpublished novels ine-bookand paperback formats:High-Opp(2012),[76]Angels' Fall(2013),[77]A Game of Authors(2013),[78]andA Thorn in the Bush(2014).[79]

In recent years, Frank Herbert's sonBrian Herbertand authorKevin J. Andersonhave added to theDunefranchise,using notes left behind by Frank Herbert and discovered over a decade after his death. Brian Herbert and Anderson have written three prequeltrilogies(Prelude to Dune,Legends of DuneandGreat Schools of Dune) exploring the history of theDuneuniverse before the events of the original novel, two novels that take place between novels of the originalDunesequels (with plans for more), as well as two post-Chapterhouse Dunenovels that complete the original series (Hunters of DuneandSandworms of Dune) based on Frank Herbert's ownDune 7outline.[80][81][82]

References

[edit]
  1. ^abOregon Center For Health Statistics; Portland, Oregon, US;Oregon, Divorce Records, 1925–1945;Document no. 30939
  2. ^abWashington State Archives; Olympia, Washington;Washington Death Index, 1940–1959, 1965–2017;Certificate no. 090281.
  3. ^"SCI FI Channel Auction to Benefit Reading Is Fundamental".PNNonline.org (Internet Archive). March 18, 2003. Archived fromthe originalon September 28, 2007.RetrievedSeptember 28,2007.Since its debut in 1965, Frank Herbert'sDunehas sold over 12million copies worldwide, making it the best-selling science fiction novel of all time[...] Frank Herbert'sDunesaga is one of the greatest 20th Century contributions to literature.
  4. ^Kunzru, Hari (July 3, 2015)."Dune, 50 years on: how a science fiction novel changed the world".The Guardian.ISSN0261-3077.RetrievedMarch 4,2024.
  5. ^"Denis Villeneuve's 'Dune' Will Probably Finish Its Story — But There's a Catch".Inverse.February 20, 2024.
  6. ^"Denis Villeneuve Still Has a" Dream "of a 'Dune' Trilogy".Vanity Fair.August 28, 2023.
  7. ^Touponce 1988,p. 4.
  8. ^"Frank Herbert Is Dead at 65; Author of the 'Dune' Novels".The New York Times.Associated Press.February 13, 1986.ISSN0362-4331.RetrievedOctober 24,2021.
  9. ^Herbert, Frank (1990).Dune.Turtleback.ISBN978-0881036367.RetrievedJanuary 21,2018– via Google Books.Frank Herbert was born Franklin Patrick Herbert Jr. in Tacoma, Washington on October 8, 1920.
  10. ^"Herbert, Frank Patrick (1920-1986)".historylink.org.RetrievedOctober 6,2024.
  11. ^O'Reilly, Timothy (1981).Frank Herbert.Frederick Ungar Publishing Company. p. 14.
  12. ^abcHerbert, Brian (2003).Dreamer of Dune: The Biography of Frank Herbert.
  13. ^abcHerbert, Brian (April 19, 2003).Dreamer of Dune: The Biography of Frank Herbert.Macmillan.ISBN978-1-4299-5844-8.
  14. ^"Frank Herbert, author of sci-fi best sellers, dies".Pittsburgh Post-Gazette.February 13, 1986.Archivedfrom the original on February 16, 2024.RetrievedJuly 27,2009.
  15. ^Beck, Katherine (June 9, 2021)."Herbert, Frank Patrick (1920–1986)".HistoryLink.Archivedfrom the original on September 4, 2021.
  16. ^"Marin County: Newspaper Obituaries of AIDS Victims (1984–1994)".Marin Independent Journal.Archived fromthe originalon October 24, 2008.RetrievedMarch 26,2011.
  17. ^Cohen, Geoff (2000)."Herbert, Frank (1920-1986), science fiction writer".American National Biography.doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1603065.RetrievedApril 24,2024.
  18. ^Irene Slattery had been a former student of Jung's in Zurich. SeeTouponce 1988, pp. 9–10.
  19. ^Turner, Paul (October 1973)."Vertex MagazineInterview ".Vertex Magazine.Vol. 1, no. 4. Archived fromthe originalon October 21, 2012.RetrievedOctober 21,2012– via "The Prelude to Dune Trilogy" at members.multimania.co.uk/Fenrir/ctdinterviews.htm.Well, I did read some Heinlein. I shouldn't really tie it down to ten years because I had read H. G. Wells. I'd read Vance, Jack Vance, and I became acquainted with Jack Vance about that time... I read Poul Anderson.
  20. ^abc Frank Herbertat theInternet Speculative Fiction Database(ISFDB). Retrieved April 24, 2013.
  21. ^abcdefgGina Macdonald, "Herbert, Frank (Patrick)", inTwentieth-Century Science-Fiction Writersby Curtis C. Smith. St. James Press, 1986,ISBN0-912289-27-9(pp. 331–334).
  22. ^Richards, Linda L."The Sons of Dune".January Magazine.RetrievedAugust 31,2014.
  23. ^"Frank Herbert _ AcademiaLab".academia-lab.com.RetrievedOctober 18,2024.
  24. ^"Frank Herbert _ AcademiaLab".academia-lab.com.RetrievedOctober 18,2024.
  25. ^"Frank Herbert _ AcademiaLab".academia-lab.com.RetrievedOctober 18,2024.
  26. ^Fagan, Damian."From the Dunes of Arrakis to the Oregon Coast".The Source Weekly - Bend.RetrievedOctober 18,2024.
  27. ^Augustry, The (October 16, 2021)."Frank Herbert 1969 Willis E. McNelly DUNE Tape Interview - Transcript".The Augustry.RetrievedOctober 18,2024.
  28. ^Stamets, Paul (2011).Mycelium Running: How Mushrooms Can Help Save the World.Potter/Ten Speed/Harmony/Rodale.ISBN978-1-60774-124-4.
  29. ^"SciFi Dune: Dune Genesis by Frank Herbert".courses.oermn.org.RetrievedOctober 18,2024.
  30. ^ab"BBC – h2g2".Edited guide entry, Frank Patrick Herbert, Jr. – Author.British Broadcasting Corporation. October 28, 2008.RetrievedMay 26,2014.
  31. ^"Sandworms of Dune Blog".Frankherbert.org. Archived fromthe originalon May 16, 2013.RetrievedApril 27,2013.
  32. ^abLiukkonen, Petri."Frank Herbert".Books and Writers (kirjasto.sci.fi).Finland:KuusankoskiPublic Library. Archived fromthe originalon April 27, 2014.
  33. ^ "Herbert, Frank"ArchivedOctober 16, 2012, at theWayback Machine.The Locus Index to SF Awards: Index of Literary Nominees.Locus Publications.Retrieved April 18, 2013.
  34. ^Islam Sumatera Utara, Institutional Repository Universitas (October 18, 2024)."Chapter I,II.pdf"(PDF).Institutional Repository Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara.
  35. ^"Frank Herbert | Biography, Books, Dune, & Facts | Britannica".www.britannica.com.October 4, 2024.RetrievedOctober 18,2024.
  36. ^Herbert, Brian.Dreamer of Dune: The Biography of Frank Herbert.New York: Tor Books, 2003, pp. 257–258,ISBN0-765-30646-8"[Frank Herbert completed] a half-hour documentary film based upon fieldwork he had done withRoy Prostermanin Pakistan [and] Vietnam... EntitledThe Tillers,it was written, filmed and directed by Frank Herbert.... it appeared on King Television in Seattle and on the Public Broadcasting System. "
  37. ^ Herbert quoted in Murray, Donald Morison (Editor)Shoptalk: learning to write with writers(1990) Cook Publishers, 1990.
  38. ^abTouponce 1988.
  39. ^Itzkoff, Dave (September 24, 2006)."Across the Universe: 'Dune' Babies".The New York Times.Archivedfrom the original on October 24, 2015.RetrievedApril 14,2018.
  40. ^Shawn Speakman,Website History,Terrybrooks.net, archived fromthe originalon September 14, 2012,retrievedJune 22,2011.
  41. ^abHerbert, Frank P. (1987).Chapterhouse: Dune.New York City: The Berkley Publishing Group,Ace Books.pp.59,436.ISBN0-441-10267-0– viaInternet Archive.It was typical of her that she wanted me to call the radiologist whose treatment in 1974 was the proximate cause of her death and thank him...
  42. ^"Octocon II".Fancyclopedia.RetrievedMarch 9,2024.
  43. ^"Octocon".Fanllore.RetrievedMarch 9,2024.
  44. ^Lytle, Leslie (October 7, 2021)."Dune's Creator: A Glimpse of Genius".Sewanee Mountain Messenger.RetrievedMarch 9,2024.
  45. ^"Author of 'Dune' claimed by cancer - UPI Archives".UPI.RetrievedNovember 15,2023.
  46. ^abcdDurrani, Haris A. (December 31, 2021)."Frank Herbert, the Republican Salafist".New Line Magazine.
  47. ^Berry, Michael (August 13, 2015).""Dune," climate fiction pioneer: The ecological lessons of Frank Herbert's sci-fi masterpiece were ahead of its time ".Salon.
  48. ^Dite, Chris (August 27, 2021)."What Draws Us to the Reactionary Darkness of Dune?".Jacobin.
  49. ^Kunzru, Hari (July 3, 2015)."Dune, 50 years on: how a science fiction novel changed the world".The Guardian.
  50. ^Beck, Katherine (June 9, 2021)."Herbert, Frank Patrick (1920-1986)".HistoryLink.
  51. ^Herbert, Brian (2003).Dreamer of Dune: The Biography of Frank Herbert.MacMillan. p. 91.ISBN978-0765306463.RetrievedFebruary 13,2015.
  52. ^"This was Frank Herbert, speaking from his own heart... It was a philosophy ofnon-violencethat would ultimately lead to his involvement in the movement to stop the war in Vietnam. "Herbert, Brian. (2003).Dreamer of Dune: The Biography of Frank Herbert.MacMillan. Retrieved February 13, 2015 (p. 157).
  53. ^Herbert, Brian (2003).Dreamer of Dune: The Biography of Frank Herbert.MacMillan.ISBN978-1429958448.RetrievedFebruary 13,2015.
  54. ^"Dune Genesis by Frank Herbert"(PDF).Vasil.ludost.net.RetrievedMarch 1,2022.
  55. ^Stone, Pat (May 1, 1981)."Frank Herbert: Science Fiction Author".MotherEarthNews.
  56. ^Frank Herbert speaking at UCLA 4/17/1985.RetrievedApril 24,2024– via www.youtube.com.
  57. ^"With its blend (or sometimes clash) of complexintellectualdiscourseandByzantineintrigue,Duneprovided a template for FH's more significant later works. Sequels soon began to appear which carried on the arguments of the original in testingly various manners and with an intensity of discourse seldom encountered in the sf field.Dune Messiah(1969) elaborates the intrigue at the cost of other elements, butChildren of Dune(1976) recaptures much of the strength of the original work and addresses another recurrent theme in FH's work – the evolution of Man, in this case into SUPERMAN;... "" Frank Herbert ",The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction.
  58. ^Herbert, Frank (July 1980)."DuneGenesis ".Omni.FrankHerbert.org. Archived fromthe originalon January 7, 2012.RetrievedFebruary 14,2014.
  59. ^McNeilly, Willis E. "Herbert, Frank (Patrick)" inGunn, James.The New Encyclopedia of Science Fiction. London, Viking, 1988. (pp. 222–24)ISBN0-670-81041-X."Herbert felt strongly about many causes, particularly ecology..."
  60. ^"When I was quite young... I began to suspect there must be flaws in my sense of reality... But I had been produced to focus on objects (things) and not on systems (processes)." Frank Herbert, "Doll Factory, Gun Factory", (1973 Essay), reprinted inThe Maker of Dune: Thoughts of a Science Fiction Masteredited by Tim O'Reilly.Berkley Books,1987,ISBN0425097854.
  61. ^"Frank Herbert's true stroke of genius consisted... in inviting a way of thinking about humanity, history, religion, and politics as complex and interdependent asecosystemsthemselves ". Jeffery Nicholas,Dune and Philosophy: Weirding Way of Mentat.Open Court Publishing, 2011,ISBN0812697154,(p. 149).
  62. ^"Dune, 50 years on: how a science fiction novel changed the world".The Guardian.July 3, 2015.RetrievedOctober 27,2021.
  63. ^O'Reilly, Tim.Frank Herbert.New York, NY: Frederick Ungar Publishing Co., Inc.,1981. (pp.59–60)ISBN0-8044-2666-X."Much of the Bene Gesserit technology of consciousness is based on the insights of general semantics, a philosophy and training method developed in the 1930s byAlfred Korzybski.Herbert had studied general semantics in San Francisco at about the time he was writingDune.(At one point, he worked as aghostwriterfor a nationally syndicated column byS. I. Hayakawa,one of the foremost proponents of general semantics.) "
  64. ^Budrys, Algis (April 1966)."Galaxy Bookshelf".Galaxy Science Fiction.pp. 67–75.
  65. ^Touponce 1988,p. 2 "His dominant intellectual impulse was not to mystify or set himself up as a prophet, but the opposite – to turn what powers of analysis he had (and they were considerable) over to his audience. And this impulse is as manifest inDune,which many people consider the all-time best science fiction novel, as it is in his computer book,Without Me You're Nothing."
  66. ^ "Bibliography: Dune".ISFDB. Retrieved April 24, 2013.
  67. ^Building Sci-fi Moviescapes: The Science Behind the Fiction by Matt Hanson.
  68. ^"Frank Herbert Biography Author Page".bestsciencefictionbooks.com.
  69. ^Herbert, Frank (January 1977).Dune(Berkley Medallion ed.). US: Berkley Publishing Corp. p. Back Cover.ISBN0425-04376-2.
  70. ^abSpeaking at the 2006 induction of Herbert in the Science Fiction Hall of Fame, Kevin J. Anderson stated thatChildren of Dune(1976) "was the first SF novel ever to hit the New York Times bestseller list."Dune 7 Blog: Wednesday, June 21, 2006: The Science Fiction Hall of FameArchivedJuly 21, 2011, at theWayback Machine.By KJA.Dune: The Official Website.Retrieved July 17, 2011. KJA spoke and presented the award to son Brian Herbert.
  71. ^Malcolm Edwards, "Herbert, Frank" inThe Encyclopedia of Science Fiction,edited byJohn CluteandPeter Nicholls.London, Orbit, 1994.ISBN1-85723-124-4(p. 558–560).
  72. ^ "Presenting the 2006 Hall of Fame Inductees".Archived fromthe originalon April 26, 2006.RetrievedAugust 19,2016..Press release March 15, 2006. Science Fiction Museum (sfhomeworld.org). Archived April 26, 2006. Retrieved April 24, 2013.
  73. ^ "Science Fiction Hall of Fame".The Cohenside. May 15, 2006. Retrieved March 21, 2013.
  74. ^"Remembering Science Fiction Author Frank Herbert: Highlighting His Archives In the Pollak Library".California State University, Fullerton.February 27, 2014.RetrievedOctober 28,2014.
  75. ^Krell, Alexis (July 6, 2019)."The Dune Peninsula and Frank Herbert Trail — 'Tacoma's newest treasure' — are open".The Tacoma News-Tribune.RetrievedJuly 7,2019.
  76. ^Anderson, Kevin J. (March 16, 2012)."New, never-published Frank Herbert novel now available:HIGH-OPP".KJAblog.com. Archived fromthe originalon January 13, 2015.RetrievedJanuary 14,2015.
  77. ^Anderson, Kevin J. (May 22, 2013)."New, Previously Unpublished Frank Herbert Novel,ANGELS' FALL".KJAblog.com. Archived fromthe originalon September 16, 2014.RetrievedJanuary 14,2015.
  78. ^Anderson, Kevin J. (July 9, 2013)."A GAME OF AUTHORS– another lost Frank Herbert novel ".KJAblog.com. Archived fromthe originalon September 16, 2014.RetrievedJanuary 14,2015.
  79. ^Anderson, Kevin J. (November 22, 2014)."Off the Radar".KJAblog.com. Archived fromthe originalon December 8, 2014.RetrievedJanuary 15,2015.
  80. ^Liptak, Andrew (September 13, 2016)."The authors ofNavigators of Duneon building an epic, lasting world ".The Verge.Archivedfrom the original on July 24, 2019.RetrievedJuly 24,2019.

    Quinn, Judy (November 17, 1997)."Bantam Pays $3M forDunePrequels by Herbert's Son ".Publishers Weekly.Archivedfrom the original on March 4, 2016.RetrievedFebruary 6,2014.The new prequels... will be based on notes and outlines Frank Herbert left at his death in 1986.

    Anderson, Kevin J. (December 16, 2005)."Dune 7blog: Conspiracy Theories ".Archived fromthe originalon October 12, 2007.RetrievedOctober 12,2008– via DuneNovels.com.Frank Herbert wrote a detailed outline forDune 7and he left extensiveDune 7notes, as well as stored boxes of his descriptions, epigraphs, chapters, character backgrounds, historical notes—over a thousand pages worth.

  81. ^Neuman, Clayton (August 17, 2009)."Winds of DuneAuthor Brian Herbert on Flipping the Myth of Jihad ".AMC.Archivedfrom the original on September 21, 2009.RetrievedJune 16,2020.I got a call from an estate attorney who asked me what I wanted to do with two safety deposit boxes of my dad's... in them were the notes toDune 7—it was a 30-page outline. So I went up in my attic and found another 1,000 pages of working notes.

    "BeforeDune,After Frank Herbert ".Amazon.com.2004. Archived fromthe originalon April 9, 2009.RetrievedNovember 12,2008.Brian was cleaning out his garage to make an office space and he found all these boxes that had'DuneNotes' on the side. And we used a lot of them for ourHousebooks.

    "Interview with Brian Herbert and Kevin J. Anderson".Arrakis.ru. 2004. Archived fromthe originalon September 8, 2012.RetrievedNovember 12,2008.We had already started work onHouse Atreides... After we already had our general outline written and the proposal sent to publishers, then we found the outlines and notes. (This necessitated some changes, of course.)

  82. ^Ascher, Ian (2004)."Kevin J. Anderson Interview".DigitalWebbing.com. Archived fromthe originalon July 3, 2007.RetrievedJuly 3,2007.... we are ready to tackle the next major challenge—writing the grand climax of the saga that Frank Herbert left in his original notes sealed in a safe deposit box... after we'd already decided what we wanted to write... They opened up the safe deposit box and found inside the full and complete outline forDune 7... Later, when Brian was cleaning out his garage, in the back he found... over three thousand pages of Frank Herbert's other notes, background material, and character sketches.

    Adams, John Joseph (August 9, 2006)."NewDuneBooks Resume Story ".SciFi.com. Archived fromthe originalon December 19, 2007.RetrievedDecember 19,2007.Anderson said that Frank Herbert's notes included a description of the story and a great deal of character background information. 'But having a roadmap of the U.S. and actually driving across the country are two different things,' he said. 'Brian and I had a lot to work with and a lot to expand...'

    Snider, John C. (August 2007)."Audiobook Review:Hunters of Duneby Brian Herbert & Kevin J. Anderson ".SciFiDimensions.com. Archived fromthe originalon March 24, 2008.RetrievedFebruary 15,2009.the co-authors have expanded on Herbert's brief outline

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