Islamic Action Front
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Islamic Action Front جبهة العمل الإسلامي | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Leader | Hamza Mansour Hamam Saeed |
| Founded | 1992 |
| Headquarters | Amman |
| Ideology | Islamism Islamic democracy Anti-corruption Anti-Zionism |
| Religion | Sunni Islam |
| International affiliation | Muslim Brotherhood |
| Colours | Green |
| Chamber of Deputies | 10 / 130 |
| Senate | 0 / 65 |
| Website | |
| IAF official website | |
TheIslamic Action Front(IAF;Arabic:جبهة العمل الإسلاميJabhat al-'Amal al-Islami) is an Islamistpolitical partyinJordan.It is the political wing of theMuslim Brotherhoodin Jordan.
Founded in 1992 with 350 members, Ahmed Azaida,Ishaq Al-FarhanandAbdul Latif Arabiyatwere the main force behind the formation.[1]
Sheikh Hamza Mansour is the chief of the IAF and has declared the organization's intentions as wanting "to be treated as free men" and as wanting "relations with theUSbased on mutual respect ", while questioning the US administration's motives in theMiddle Eastand around the world.[1]
History
[edit]The IAF's support base is composed largely of Jordanians of Palestinian descent, and represents one of the major opposition movements in the country. It is known for its role in anti-corruption protests, as well as its role in the country's liberalization phase of the 1990s. The IAF has also taken an oppositional role towards Jordanian-Israeli relations. In 1997, three years after Jordan'speace accordwith Israel, IAF boycotted Parliamentary elections, citing manipulation by the government.[2]
At the legislativeelections,17 June 2003, the party won 20 out of 84 seats. All other seats were won by non-partisans. TheNational Democratic Blockdid not win any seats.
During the August 2007 municipal elections, IAF withdrew their 25 candidates up for election, accusing 'the authorities of manipulating votes cast by military personnel who were taking part in municipal elections for the first time.[3]
The voter turnout for the election was a record-low 51%, but IAF still won four contests, including two mayoral races.[citation needed]
Four months later, the IAF fielded 22 candidates for the Jordanian national elections held on November 20, 2007. Of its 22 candidates, only six won parliamentary seats in the elections, marking the lowest showing of the Islamist party since the resumption of parliamentary life in Jordan in 1989.
The IAF attributed its loss to the government overlooking illegal practices such as vote buying, the transfer of large numbers of votes, and inserting large numbers of voting cards in ballot boxes[4]Nevertheless, a few days after the election, the Muslim Brotherhood (the social organization that informs the IAF’s platform and whose political branch the IAF is considered to be) dissolved its Shura Council and started preparing for internal elections to take place within six months.
In 2009, the deputy secretary of the party declared that the Pope was not welcome in the kingdom after plans were announced for PopeBenedict XVIto visit the country.[5]
In 2012, Rohile Gharaibeh, a former senior IAF official, established the Zamzam Initiative, an organization with the stated goal of ending the Brotherhood's "monopoly on Islamic discourse" and promoting a more inclusive, indigenous Islam that does not "alienate the public."[6]However, the Brotherhood'sShura Councilresponded by prohibiting members from interacting with the new group. "[7]
In 2015, the IAF was split between reformists and nonreformists, resulting in the party terminating the membership of seven members:Abdul Majeed Thneibat,Qassem Taamneh,Mamdouh Muheisen,Khalil Askar,Ali Tarawneh,Jaber Abul HijaandMohammad Qaramseh.[8]As a result, they formed the new Muslim Brotherhood Society, who will join theNational Initiative for Building.
In December 2015, around 400 members resigned from the IAF, includingHamzeh Mansour,a former Secretary-General of the organisation.[9]
Ideology
[edit]The Islamic Action Front is somewhat less radical than Islamist parties in some other countries since 2015.[10]However, they do support violence against the Israeli state and citizens, they have praised those who have killed Israeli soldiers and citizens, and do not support LGBTQ equality, they have actively sought to ban homosexual performers from coming to the country.[11]
Ibrahim Zeid Keilani,a former Minister ofAwqafand Islamic Affairs, served for a long time as the head of the Sharia Ulema Committee of the party.[12]
Within the IAFAbu Zantcalled himself the leader of the most radical section of the party.[13]He had a sizeable group of followers.[14][vague]
Electoral results
[edit]Jordanian Parliament
[edit]| House of Representatives | |||||||
| Election | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | Position | Outcome | Leader |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1993 | 17 / 80
|
 5 |
1st | Opposition | |||
| 1997 | Boycotted | 0 / 80
|
17 |
||||
| 2003 | 139,229 | 10.4 | 16 / 110
|
 16 |
1st | Opposition | |
| 2007 | 6 / 110
|
10 |
1st | Opposition | |||
| 2010 | Boycotted | 0 / 110
|
6 |
||||
| 2013 | Boycotted | 0 / 150
|
–
|
||||
| 2016 | 15 / 130
|
15 |
1st | Opposition | |||
| 2020 | 5 / 130
|
10 |
1st | Opposition | |||
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^abJordan's Islamic Front rallies Muslims
- ^Jillian Schwedler, Faith in Moderation: Islamist Parties in Jordan and Yemen. Cambridge 2006.
- ^"Jordan: Islamic opposition urges king to cancel municipal elections results".
- ^Jabha.net(in Arabic).
- ^"Islamists To Pope: Define Your Position on Islam, Peace".
- ^"Down and Out in Amman: The Rise and Fall of the Jordanian Muslim Brotherhood".www.washingtoninstitute.org.Retrieved2016-01-22.
- ^"The Implosion of Jordan's Muslim Brotherhood".www.washingtoninstitute.org.Retrieved2016-01-22.
- ^"Members of new Muslim Brotherhood society to join 'planned Zamzam political party'".Jordan Times.November 4, 2015.
- ^Khetam Malkawi (31 December 2015)."Hundreds, including top leaders, abandon Islamist party".The Jordan Times. Archived fromthe originalon 31 December 2015.Retrieved31 December2015.
- ^Timreck, Sarah (13 December 2017)."The Islamist Spectrum - Jordan's Mosaic".Wilson Center.Retrieved13 May2020.
- ^"Jordanian MP: 'What you see as violence is only defending our country' | DW | 20.07.2017".Deutsche Welle.
- ^"Jordanian Islamists Outraged over Saturday Day Off".Al Bawaba. 1 February 2000.Retrieved21 October2013.
- ^Lamar Smith (1 November 2001).Terrorist Threats to the United States: Congressional Hearing.DIANE Publishing. p. 28.ISBN978-0-7567-1725-4.
- ^Jillian Schwedler (19 June 2006).Faith in Moderation: Islamist Parties in Jordan and Yemen.Cambridge University Press. pp. 92–.ISBN978-0-521-85113-8.
External links
[edit]| Parliament |
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|---|---|
| Unrepresented | |
| Defunct | |
| Banned | |
