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Kamal Adwan

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Kamal Abdel Hafiz Adwan
Personal details
Born1935
Barbara, Mandatory Palestine
Died10 April 1973
Beirut,Lebanon
Political partyFateh
OccupationPolitician, Engineer

Kamal Abdel Hafiz Adwan(1935 – 10 April 1973),[1]also spelt asKamal Udwan,was a Palestinian politician and one of the top leaders in thePalestinian Liberation Organization.He was killed during a1973 Israeli raid in Lebanon.[2]

Early life and education

Kamal Adwan was born in the village ofBarbarainMandatory Palestine.He lived there until the village was taken by Israeli troops during the1948 Arab–Israeli War.It was recorded that the village was depopulated of its 2,800 Palestinian inhabitants,[3]who became refugees in theGaza Stripand surrounding Arab countries.

When he was thirteen years old, Adwan settled as a refugee in Gaza where he completed his secondary education. He then worked as a teacher during the early 1950s before moving toEgyptto pursue his secondary education to qualify as a petroleum engineer.[4]

Political role in the Palestinian National Movement

Adwan joined thePalestinian national movementin 1952, when he helped to establish the “justice battalion"[5]in Gaza withKhalil al-Wazir,who was later killed by Mossad in 1988.

He then spent his first year as a graduate inSaudi Arabiabefore he moved toQatarwhere he met otherFatahfounders includingYasser Arafat.He was one of the founders of Fateh, the Palestinian national movement.[6]He held several political and military positions which included the following:

  • Member of the central committee of the Fateh movement,
  • Member of the Palestinian national council, the Palestinian Parliament in exile,
  • Responsible for the media centre of thePalestine Liberation Organization(PLO)
  • Leader of Fateh mechanisms in the West Bank (Western sector)
  • Adwan had also played a major role in the foundation of Palestinian universities in the Palestinian territories during the early 1970s.

Death

According to Israeli sources, Adwan was directly involved in theBlack September Organization.After obtaining approval from Israeli Prime MinisterGolda Meir,[7]Mossad began a covertassassinations campaign.During the operation, several Palestinian militants were killed. Kamal was killed in the1973 Israeli raid on Lebanon.

In an analysis extrapolated from an interview with a Mossad agent involved in Operation Spring of Youth, and contrary to the Israeli claim that the "Verdun operation"came after the kidnapping and killing of Israeli athletes in Munich, Operation Wrath of God was planned months ahead of the Olympic games crisis, and was not a related to a Black September.[8][better source needed]In his book,The Israeli Secret Services,Ami Pedahzur claims that Adwan seemed to have little or no connection to theMunich hostage crisis,[9]suggesting Mossad's non-involvement in his death. According toMohammad Odeh Dawood(AKA Abu Dawood), who published his book,From Jerusalem to Munich,Adwan claimed he and two other leaders were masterminds of the Munich hostage crisis.[10]

Kamal was killed in his flat inBeirut,in front of his wife, by Israeli commandos on 10 April 1973 as part ofOperation Spring of Youth.BothKamal Nasser,a charismatic poet and writer, andMohammad Abu-Youssef al Najjar,a lawyer by profession, were killed in the same attack. His killing came nine months after the murders ofGhassan Kanafani,a Palestinian novelist and a member of FPLP, and his 17-year-old niece, Lamees. An innocent 79 year old Italian woman, living in the same building was also killed, as well as several Lebanese policemen.[11]Two of the attackers were killed by Palestinian defenders during their withdrawal.[12]The funeral of Adwan, Nasser and Al Najjar was attended by nearly half a million people most which were Lebanese.[13]

Ehud Barak,who was elected prime minister of Israel in the late nineties, was among the commanders of the raid.[14]The killing of the three Palestinian leaders opened nearly twenty years of atit for tatbattle between the PLO and the Mossad all over the world.

Legacy

Half a million mourners attended the funeral of Kamal Adwan and his comrades in Beirut.[15]Despite over 40 years having elapsed since his death, Adwan is still remembered by Palestinians as a hero who dedicated his life to the Palestinian cause.Kamal Adwan Hospitalin Gaza is named after him. As a key political figure, his name is frequently mentioned in political literature related to the Palestinian struggle in the period between 1956 and 1973.

See also

References

  1. ^Telephone Interview with a family member on 14 October 2016
  2. ^Lam, Amira (6 September 2015)."Our woman in Beirut".Ynetnews.Retrieved12 November2016.
  3. ^"Barbara".Zochrot.Retrieved12 November2016.
  4. ^Aaron J. Klein(2005).Striking back: The 1972 Munich Olympics Massacre and Israel's deadly response.New York:Random House.p. 80.ISBN9781400064274.
  5. ^Filiu, Jean-Pierre (2014).Gaza, a history.London: C.Hurst&co.ISBN978-1-84904-401-1.
  6. ^Sayigh, Yezid (1997).Armed struggle and the search for state, The Palestinian National Movement.Clarendon Press. p. 80 – via ebook.
  7. ^Klein, Aoron J (2007).Striking Back: The 1972 Munich Olympic.Random House Trade – via Kindle version.
  8. ^Watad, Nidal (8 September 2015)."Mossad agent reveals details of historic PLO Beirut assassination".TheNewArab.Retrieved12 November2016.
  9. ^Pedahzur, Ami (2009).The Israeli Secret Services and The struggle against terrorism.Columbia University Press.ISBN978-0-231-51161-2– via kindle version.
  10. ^Dawood, Mohammad (1999).Palestine, From Jerusalem to Munich.Dar Al naher. p. 452.ISBN2842891384– via Arabic version.
  11. ^Bird, Kai (2014).The good spy. The life and death of Robert Ames.Crown Publisher.ISBN978-0-307-88975-1– via Kindle version.
  12. ^Pedahzur, Ami (2009).The Israeli Secret Services and Counter Terrorism.Columbia University Press. p. 44 – via Kindle version.
  13. ^Rashid Khalidi(2014).Under Siege. PLO Decisionmaking During the 1982 War.New York:Columbia University Press.p. 23.doi:10.7312/khal16668.ISBN9780231535953.
  14. ^Al-Hout, Shafiq(2011).My life in the PLO.Plutopress. p. 107.ISBN9781783714230– via Kindle version.
  15. ^Khalidi, Rashid (2013).Under Siege PLO decision making during the 1982 war.Columbia University Press. p. 23 – via ebook.
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