Ludlow

For other uses, seeLudlow (disambiguation).

Ludlow
Clockwise from top: Junction of Broad Street and King Street, with the Buttercross, Ludlow skyline,St Laurence's ChurchandLudlow Castle.
Coat of arms of Ludlow
Ludlow Location withinShropshire
Population	10,266 (2011)
OS grid reference	SO512746
•London	154 miles (248 km)
Civil parish	Ludlow
Unitary authority	Shropshire
Ceremonial county	Shropshire
Region	West Midlands
Country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	LUDLOW
Postcode district	SY8
Dialling code	01584
Police	West Mercia
Fire	Shropshire
Ambulance	West Midlands
UK Parliament	South Shropshire
Website	www.ludlow.org.uk

Ludlow(/lʌd.loʊ/) is amarket townandcivil parishinShropshire,England. It is located 28 miles (45 km) south ofShrewsburyand 23 miles (37 km) north ofHereford,on theA49 roadwhich bypasses the town. The town is near the confluence of the riversCorveandTeme.

The oldest part is themedievalwalled town,founded in the late 11th century after theNorman conquest of England.It is centred on a small hill which lies on the eastern bank of a bend of the River Teme. Situated on this hill areLudlow Castleand the parish church,St Laurence's,the largest in the county.From there the streets slope downward to the riversCorveandTeme,to the north and south respectively. The town is in a sheltered spot beneathMortimer Forestand theClee Hills,which are clearly visible from the town.

Ludlow has nearly 500listed buildings,including examples of medieval andTudor-stylehalf-timberedbuildings. The town was described by SirJohn Betjemanas "probably the loveliest town in England".

Toponymy

The thirteenth century romanceFouke le Fitz Warynrecords that Ludlow had been calledDinam"for a very long time". It is also known thatLudlow Castlewas originally named Dinham Castle when it was constructed in the eleventh century, even today the area immediately south of the castle retains the original name.Samuel Lewisstates that whileLeadloweandLudlowewere the Saxon names for the town, theBritishname wasDinam,which he translates as "The Palace of Princes". TheModern Welshname for the town isLlwydlo.

Lodelowewas in use for this site before 1138 and comes from theOld English"hlud-hlǣw".At the time this section of theRiver Temecontained rapids, and so thehludof Ludlow came from "the loud waters", whilehlǣwmeant "hill"ortumulus.Thus the nameLudlowdescribes aplace on a hill by the loud waters.Some time around the 12th century,weirswere added along the river, taming these rapid flows.The hill is that which the town stands on, and a pre-historic burial mound (or barrow) which existed at the eastern summit of the hill (dug up during the expansion of St Laurence's church in 1199) could explain the tumulus variation of thehlǣwelement.Ludford,a neighbouring and older settlement, situated on the southern bank of the Teme, shares thehlud( "loud waters" ) element.

History

See also:History of ShropshireandLudlow Castle

The town is situated close toWales,and lies near the midpoint of the 257-kilometre-long (160 mi)England–Wales border;it is also very close to the county border between Shropshire andHerefordshire(neighbouringLudfordremained part of Herefordshire until 1895). This strategic location invested it with national importance inmedievaltimes, and thereafter with the town being the seat of theCouncil of Wales and the Marchesduring its existence (1472 to 1689).

Medieval history

Ludlow Castle,built in the late 11th century.

At the time of theDomesday Booksurvey, the area was part of the largeStantonparish andmanor,a possession ofWalter de Lacy.Neither Ludlow nor Dinham are mentioned in the Book, compiled in 1086, although the Book recorded manors and not settlementsper se.The Book does record a great number of households and taxable value for Stanton, perhaps suggesting that any early settlement by the nascent castle was being counted. Neighbouring places Ludford, the Sheet and Steventon do feature in the Book, as they were manors, proving that they were well-established places by the Norman conquest.The manor of Stanton came within thehundredofCulvestan,but during the reign ofHenry Ithis Saxon hundred was merged into the newMunslowhundred.

Walter's sonRoger de Lacybegan the construction ofLudlow Castleon the westernpromontoryof the hill about 1075, forming what is now the innerbailey.Between about 1090 and 1120, the Chapel ofSt. Mary Magdalenewas built inside the walls, and by 1130 the Great Tower was added to form thegatehouse.About 1170 the larger outer bailey was added to the castle. (The town walls however were not built until the mid-13th century.) The settlement of Dinham grew up alongside the development of the early castle in the late 11th century, with the northern part of this early settlement disturbed by the building of the outer bailey.Dinham had its own place of worship, the Chapel of St Thomas the Martyr, dedicated toThomas Becketsometime in 1177–1189 when the present chapel replaced an older (late 11th-century) church building.

During the 12th century, the planned town of Ludlow was formed, in stages, the town providing a useful source of income for successiveMarcher Lords,based on rents, fines, and tolls. They developed the town on a regular grid pattern, although this was adapted somewhat to match the localtopography,from the late 11th century through the 12th century. The first laid street was along the ridge of the hilltop, what is now Castle Square, High Street and King Street. This formed a wide market place (later in-filled by buildings in places) running from the castle gates east across to St Laurence's and the Bull Ring, itself located on the ancient north–south road, now called Corve Street to the north and Old Street to the south. The wide Mill and Broad Streets were added later, as part of a southern grid plan of streets andburgage plotsfilling the area bounded by Dinham, the new High Street market, Old Street and the Teme to the south.Originally, Old Street ran down to afordwhich took the ancient route south across toLudford.A bridge was constructed (possibly byJosce de Dinan) at the foot of Broad Street, upstream of the ford, which then replaced the ford; its 15th-century replacement is the present-dayLudford Bridge.

St Laurence's church,whose origins are late 11th century, was rebuilt and enlarged (with a bell tower) in 1199-1200and became a parish church, with the separation of Ludlow from theparishof Stanton Lacy by 1200. The town notably had two schools (a choir and a grammar) in existencec. 1200;Ludlow Grammar Schoolremained in existence until 1977, when it became Ludlow College.

The town's outdoor market, in Castle Square, photographed from St Laurence's Church

Ludlow Castle was an important border fortification along theWelsh Marches,and one of the largest in the Norman/English ring of castles surrounding Wales. It played a significant role in local, regional and national conflicts such as theOwain Glyndŵrrebellion, theWars of the Rosesand theEnglish Civil War.The castle and its adjoining town grew in political importance and in the 15th century the castle became the seat of theCouncil of Wales and the Marches.It was a temporary home to several holders of the titlePrince of Wales,includingKing Edward VandArthur Tudor,who died there in 1502.

The site features heavily in the folk-story ofFulk FitzWarin,outlawed Lord ofWhittington, Shropshireand a possible inspiration for theRobin Hoodlegend. Fulk is brought up in the castle ofJosce de Dinan,and fights for his master against SirGilbert de Lacy– these battles are the source of the story of Marion de la Bruyere, the betrayed lover whose ghost is still said to be heard screaming as she plummets from the castle's turrets.

The first recorded royal permission to maintain defensive town walls was given to the "men of Ludlow" in thePatent Rollsof 1233. The entry is however incomplete and atypical and was not renewed in the usual way. Amuragegrant was next made in 1260 and renewed regularly over the next two centuries. This time the grant was made by name toGeoffrey de Genevile,Lord of Ludlow. From this and other surviving documents it seems that the town walls and gates were in place by 1270.They were constructed about the central part of the community with four main gates and threeposterngates. Because the walls were constructed after the development of the town's streets, the positions and names of the four main gates are based on the streets they crossed; the postern gates on the other hand are located by and named after old outlying districts. The 7 gates are (clockwise from the castle; postern gates initalics)Linney,Corve,Galdeford,Old, Broad, Mill andDinham.An eighth unnamed 'portal' gate (smaller than a postern gate) existed in the wall just to the northwest of the castle, now in the gardens of Castle Walk House.The town walls are largely still in existence, although a section alongside the churchyard of St Lawrence's is, as of 2015, in need of repairs.

The castle complex continued to expand (a Great Hall, kitchen and living quarters were added) and it gained a reputation as a fortifiedpalace.In 1306 it passed through marriage to the ambitiousEarl of March,Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March.Queen Isabellaand her son, the youngEdward III,were entertained at the castle in 1329.

Marcher town

TheFeathers Hotel,one of Ludlow's more famous timber-framed buildings.

The town prospered, with a population of about 1,725 by 1377,and sustained a population of about 2,000 for several centuries thereafter. It was a market town; market day was held on every Thursday throughout the 15th century. In particular, it served as a centre for the sale ofwooland cloth.It was home to various trades, and in 1372 boasted 12trade guildsincludingmetalworkers,shoemakers,butchers,drapers,mercers,tailors,cooks,bakers and probably the most notable in the town, the Palmer's Guild.

In the mid sixteenth century the London merchantSir Rowland Hillgave the money for a new bridge over the Teme, and the annual St. Catherine's fair.

There weremerchantsof moderate wealth in the town and especially wool merchants, such as Laurence of Ludlow, who lived at nearbyStokesay Castle.The collection and sale of wool and the manufacture of cloth continued to be the primary source of wealth until the 17th century.

This prosperity is expressed in stone masonry, wood carvings andstained-glassatSt. Laurence'sparish church;effectively awool church,it is the largest inShropshireand a member of theGreater Churches Group.Despite the presence of someDecoratedwork it is largelyPerpendicularin style.Its size and grandeur has given it the nickname "thecathedralof the Marches ", and from 1981 to 2020 there was asuffraganBishop of Ludlow.

During theWars of the Roses,the castle—which he held through his Mortmer inheritance—was one ofRichard, Duke of York's main strongholds.TheLancastrianforces captured Ludlow in 1459, at theRout of Ludford Bridge,but theYorkistswon control of England in 1461. The castle became property of the Crown, passing to Richard's son,Edward IV.The town rose in prominence under Edward's reign and was incorporated as aborough,and began sendingrepresentatives to Parliament.Edward set up theCouncil of Wales and the Marchesin 1472, headquartering it at Ludlow, and sent his sonEdward, Prince of Wales,to live there, as nominal (being only a young boy) head of the council. It was at Ludlow that the young prince heard the news of his father's death in 1483 and was himself proclaimed King Edward V of England.It was from Ludlow that Edward V was brought back to London with his young brother, both to be confined in the Tower of London when, after a short period of time, they were never seen again.

TheChurch of St Laurencehas Norman origins and expanded throughout the Middle Ages, being awool church,becoming the largest parish church in Shropshire.

UnderHenry VIIthe castle continued as the headquarters of the Council of Wales and served as the administration centre forWalesand the counties along the border, known as theWelsh Marches.During this period, when the town served as the effective capital of Wales, it was home to many messengers of the king, various clerks and lawyers for settling legal disputes. The town also provided a winter home for localgentry,during which time they attended the council court sessions. Henry VII sent his heirPrince Arthurto Ludlow, where he was joined briefly by his wifeCatherine of Aragonlater to become wife to Henry VIII. Ludlow Castle was therefore the site of perhaps the most controversial honeymoon in English history, when Catherine's claim that the marriage was never consummated became central to the dispute concerning Henry VIII and Catherine's annulment in 1531.

Eventually, the council resumed and except for brief interludes, Ludlow continued to host the council until 1689, when it was abolished byWilliam IIIandMary IIas part of theGlorious Revolution.The castle then fell into decay. The structure was poorly maintained and the stone waspillaged.In 1772 demolition was mooted, but it was instead decided to lease the buildings. Later still it was purchased by theEarl of Powis,and together, he and his wife directed the transformation of the castle grounds.

TheRoyal Welch Fusilierswere formed byHenry Herbert, 4th Baron Herbert of Chirburyat Ludlow in March 1689 to opposeJames IIand to take part in the imminent war with France.The regiment continued to have ties with the town of Ludlow, and its successor battalion in TheRoyal Welshregiment was granted the freedom of the town in 2014.

18th and 19th centuries

Ludlow had seven gates in its town walls; the only one remaining is the Broad Gate (viewed from the south).

The town contained severalcoaching inns,public housesandalehouses, leading to court records of some alcohol-induced violence and a certain reputation for excess. Several coaching inns were constructed to accommodate travellers bystagecoachandmail coach.The Angel on Broad Street was one such notable coaching inn, where several passenger and mail coaches departed and arrived on a regular basis every week, including theAuroracoach which departed for London (taking 27 hours in 1822).The Angel was the last coaching inn in Ludlow to have such coach traffic, following the arrival of the railways in 1852.The Angel ceased trading in the early 1990s, though was revived in 2018 as a wine bar occupying a front part of the original establishment. A surviving medieval coaching inn today is the 15th centuryBull Hotelon the Bull Ring. Several other pubs and hotels in the town have historic pedigree, including the Rose and Crown where allegedly a pub has existed since 1102.

Glovemanufacture was a major industry of the town, peaking in production in 1814.

In 1802,Horatio Nelsonwas awarded the freedom of the borough and stayed at The Angel coaching inn on Broad Street, together with his mistressEmmaand her husband SirWilliam Hamilton.The honour was presented to him in a room at the inn, later to be known as the Nelson Room, and he addressed the crowds from one of the bay windows on the first floor.During theNapoleonic Wars,Lucien Bonaparte,younger brother of the French Emperor, and his family were imprisoned at Dinham House in 1811.

In 1832 Thomas Lloyd, the Ludlow doctor and amateur geologist, metRoderick MurchisonatLudford Cornerto study the rocks exposed along theRiver Temeand on Whitcliffe, advancing Murchison's theory for a Silurian System that he was to publish in 1839.Immediately above the topmost layer of the marine rock sequence forming Murchison'sSilurianSystem was a thin layer of dark sand containing numerous remains of early fish, especially their scales, along with plant debris,sporesandmicroscopicmites.In contrast to the underlying sediments of theLudlow Serieswhich were deposited in a shallow warm sea some 400 million years ago, the LudlowBone Bedrepresents terrestrial (land) conditions and thus a fundamental change in the landscape. At the time, this was believed to be the earliest occurrence of life on land. Murchison thus took the Ludlow Bone Bed as the base of hisDevonianSystem, although over a century later this boundary was to be moved a little higher, the overlying rocks being ascribed to thePridoli.The science ofgeologyhas taken a number of local names from these studies and now applies them worldwide, in recognition of the importance of this area to scientific understanding, for example, Ludlow Series. The site is now anSSSI(Site of Special Scientific Interest) and still attracts international studies.Thegeological interval of time,theLudlow Epoch,is named after the town as part of theSilurianPeriod.

Recent history

A greengrocers' shop amidst Ludlow's narrow streets.

By the late 20th century, the town had seen a growth in tourism, leading to the appearance of manyantique dealers,as well asart dealersand independent bookshops (the latter now mostly gone). Bodenhams, a clothing retailer, has been trading from a 600-year-old timbered building since 1860 and is one of the oldest stores in Britain.Ludlow was described byCountry Lifeas "the most vibrant small town in England."

A long battle of words between local activists (including many of the town's independent businesses) andTescowas eventually solved when the mega retailer obtained planning permission to build a supermarket on Corve Street, on the northern edge of the town centre, but only after agreeing to conform to the architectural demands of the local council. The building is designed to follow the outline of the hills in the background, with a curving roof. AnAldisupermarket was subsequently constructed on a site over the road from Tesco.

A development of 91 houses by South Shropshire Housing Association at Rocks Green won a Sustainable Housing award in 2009,and aSainsbury'ssupermarket at Rocks Green was opened in 2021.

In 1983 a small computer magazine started publication in Ludlow by Roger Kean,Oliver Freyand Franco Frey byNewsfield Publications LtdcalledCrash.The magazine catered for the various owners of theZX Spectrum,and its sister magazineZzap!64catered forCommodore'srival machinethe C64.The magazine was extremely popular and became Britain's biggest-selling computer magazine in 1986 selling over 100,000 copies monthly. In 1991 Newsfield suffered financial difficulty and the magazines were sold and relaunched byEuropress.

In 2004 funding was granted by Advantage West Midlands to build a new 'Eco-Park' on the outskirts of the town on the east side of theA49bypass, at theSheet Roadroundabout, with space for traditional handcraft businesses, new environmentally friendly office buildings and apark & ridefacility. More construction work began in 2006 on the west side of the roundabout on a much-debated pasture land on the town's fringe known as the Foldgate. The land has now been turned over to commercial use with afilling station,Travelodgehotel andchainpub/restaurant, opened in late 2008.

Geography

The town and castle viewed from the Whitcliffe, looking northeast;Brown Clee Hilllooms in the distance.

The medieval settlement is largely on the top of a hill, with the castle, market place and parish church (St Laurence's) situated along the flat land on this hilltop, which has a maximum elevation of 111 metres (364 ft) at the castle, falling only gradually towards the east, with an elevation of 107 metres (351 ft) at the Buttercross.

The streets then run down to the RiversTemeandCorve(their confluence being to the northwest of the centre of Ludlow) to the north and south. The surface of the Teme has an approximate elevation of 76 metres (249 ft) as it passes Ludford Bridge.

In the western part of the historic core, Dinham retains the character of a village, though dominated by the castle, with a road leading steeply down from Castle Square to the Teme and then over Dinham Bridge (an early 19th century replacement of an older bridge very slightly downstream). The old chapel in Dinham, a Grade II*listed building,though no longer used for worship, features the oldest built structure in Ludlow outside the castle. To the east a rolling landscape exists, and it is in this direction that the town has steadily grown.East Hamletwas the name of the settlement to the east of the town.

The growth of the town in this eastwards (and to the north-east) direction continues to the present day, with little or no development especially to the south or west, to an extent that the traditional town centre (the medieval town) is actually in the southwest corner of the entire settlement. It has also meant that the village ofLudford,immediately on the other side of the Teme at Ludford Bridge (itself at the foot of Lower Broad Street), remains a distinct community.

Localities in the town's suburbs include Gallows Bank and Sandpits. Immediately beyond the A49 by-pass are Rocks Green andthe Sheet,and it is in these two places that much of the present development and growth of the town is taking place, including a Sainsbury's supermarket at Rocks Green.They are both approximately 1 mile (1.6 km) from the town centre.

Accolades

View from St Laurence's to the castle, looking west across the highest part of the medieval town.

The town has regularly been held in high esteem by academics and commentators in the areas ofurbanismand architecture. Ludlow was winner ofThe Great Town Award(UK & Ireland) from The Academy of Urbanism in 2007.The first episode of the BBC television seriesTown,in which geographerNicholas Craneexamines the great towns of the United Kingdom, focused solely on Ludlow for the hour-long documentary.Ludlow also was one of theSix English Towns,a 1977 television programme by architectural historianAlec Clifton-Taylor.

The historic centre of Ludlow has largely escaped development that would otherwise alter its medieval, Tudor and Georgian character. Furthermore, the lack of development to the south and west allows for the town's historic setting (and particularly that of the castle) by the Teme and the neighbouring countryside to be readily appreciated in the modern day.M.R.G. Conzenremarked of Ludlow "Its composite medieval town plan and a history of eight and a half centuries with several periods of considerable importance have endowed its Old Town with an historically well-stratified and richly textured landscape."Michael Raven, who created a detailed gazetteer of all the settlements of Herefordshire and Shropshire in the late 20th century, stated that "There can be little doubt that Ludlow is the finest town in Shropshire."

The medieval street plan remains, though the town walls and gates have disappeared in many places. Mill Street and Broad Street, leading down from the very centre to the Teme in the south, are particularly famous for their rich architectural heritage and vistas, with many fine Georgian buildings. SirNikolaus Pevsnerdescribed Broad Street as "one of the most memorable streets in England".

Population

The2011 UK censusrecorded 10,266 people living in Ludlow'scivil parish.A further 673 live in the neighbouringLudfordparish,meaning the population for the town and adjoining settlements is approximately 11,000.

Historical

In 1377,poll taxwas levied against 1,172 of the parish's residents.By this measure, Ludlow was the 35th most populous town in England.

Population growthin Ludlow since 1801
Year	1801	1811	1821	1831	1841	1851	1881	1891	1901	1911	1921	1931	1951	1961	1971	1987	2001	2011
Population	3,897	4,150	4,820	5,253	5,064	4,691	5,035	4,460	4,552	5,926	5,674	5,642	6,456	6,796	7,470	7,450	9,548	10,266
Source: A Vision of Britain through Time and the Office for National Statistics

Transport

Railways

The southbound platform at Ludlow station

Ludlow railway stationbegan serving the town in 1852 and is about five minutes' walk from the town centre. It is on theWelsh Marches Lineand is served by trains betweenManchester Piccadilly,Crewe,Shrewsbury,Hereford,Abergavenny,Cardiff CentralandSwansea;these are operated byTransport for Wales.

There is a short tunnel the south of the station, which runs under Gravel Hill.Clee Hill Junctionexisted just to the north of the station, with a goods line leading off the main line up to the quarries onTitterstone Clee Hill.

Buses

A Minsterley MotorsOptare Tempo

Bus services in the area are operated byDiamond Bus,Lugg Valley Travel andMinsterley Motors.Routes link the town with Church Stretton,Kidderminsterand Shrewsbury; there is also apark and rideservice, on a circular route.

Roads

On 4 February 1980, the £4.7 million single-carriagewayby-passroad was officially opened byKenneth Clarke.The by-pass had been built to the east of Ludlow in the late 1970s, opening to traffic in the summer of 1979, and diverts theA49trunk roadaround the town. The former route of the A49 through the town was reclassified as the B4361.

The town centre retains its medieval streets and has had long-running problems with motor traffic and car parking, which is now restricted seven days a week. There is a town centre residents' parking permit scheme in operation. Council-owned car parks exist in a number of locations in Ludlow to cater for much of the long-stay car parking. The Eco-Park situated on the eastern outskirts of the town, atthe Sheetand adjacent to the A49.

TheA4117begins at the Rocks Green roundabout on the Ludlow by-pass and runs across theClee HillstoCleobury Mortimer;it then continues via theA456onwards toBewdleyand Kidderminster.

Two historic bridges cross theRiver Temeat Ludlow:Ludford Bridge(a Scheduled Ancient Monument) and Dinham Bridge (early 19th century, Grade II listed);both of which still take vehicular traffic as no modern bridges have been built over the Teme in the area. To the north of the town centre, the historic Corve Bridge crosses the River Corve and this bridge was relieved byBurway Bridgein the mid-20th century. However, on 26 June 2007,dramatic floodingon the Corve caused the Burway Bridge to collapse, severing a gas main and causing 20 homes in nearby Corve Street to be evacuated.The old stone bridge has now been replaced with a modern steel and pre-fabricated concrete construction.

Cycling

National Cycle Networkroute 44runs over Dinham and Ludford Bridges (via Camp and Silkmill Lanes in-between) en route from Bromfield toPipe Aston.It is known as theSix Castles Cycleway,with Ludlow Castle as one of the six.

Walking

TheMortimer Trail,along-distance footpath,runs from Ludlow toKington, Herefordshire.

Culture

Festivals and fairs

The now-defunct Ludlow Festival was held annually from 1960, during June and July each year.An open area within the castle served as the stage and backdrop for variousShakespeareanplays, while a number of supporting events at various venues included classical and pop/rock concerts, varied musicians, lecture talks from public figures, and entertainers. The 54-year-old Festival which had been "loss-making" collapsed in 2014 due to "financial troubles". Organisers said it was "simply not commercially viable".

The Medieval Christmas Fayre continues to take place in Ludlow, during late November, again centred on Ludlow Castle and the market square.

Gastronomy

One of the two remaining traditionalbutcher shopsin the centre of the town

Ludlow was for a time agastronomiccentre, at one point the only town in England with threeMichelin-starredrestaurants.The town had boasted eightAA Rosettestarred restaurants, and three Michelin-starred establishments. In 2016, Ludlow lost its last Michelin-starred establishment —Mr Underhills— which had featured in theSunday TimesTop 100 Restaurants.Another previously starred establishment in Ludlow wasLa Bécassewhich went into liquidation for the second time in 2014.

The town hosts the annual Ludlowfood festival.Ludlow was the first UK member ofCittaslowor "slow food"movement,but after ongoing controversy over public funding, the town is no longer a member. As of 2021, the town has three butchers (one located in the suburbs), four bakers, a regularfarmers marketand a range of specialist food shops. The town has a brewery which has been producingreal ale(using localhops) since 2006; it is in a renovated goods shed near therailway station.

The annual Ludlow Marches Festival of Food & Drink is atrade fairthat takes place in and around Ludlow in September. Centred on Ludlow Castle, where over 150 local, small food producers showcase and sell their wares, the three-day event involves the town centre in food and drink trails including a "Sausage Trail".

Arts

The town is home to an arts and cinema centre, The Ludlow Assembly Rooms, that hosts live and streamed music, theatre, stand-up comedy and talks. It acts as an arts community centre, has avisual artsgallery, and on most evenings, shows a film, from a wide variety of genres (including classic,arthouse,andblockbuster).Ludlow is now also home to the Rooftop Theatre Company. Originally from the South East, they have been delivering contemporary-styled Shakespeare since 2003. Their first Ludlow production was The Comedy of Errors in 2014.

Ludlow has featured in movies and TV programmes includingTom Sharpe'sBlott on the Landscapeand 90s TV adaptations ofThe History of Tom Jones, a FoundlingandMoll Flanders.In Shakespeare'sRichard III,Ludlow is mentioned,as the place where the youngEdward Vis to be fetched as Richard III plots to seize the crown. The town is described as the capital ofWalesfollowing azombie apocalypsein the novelWorld War Z.

Ludlow has connections with a number of figures in the arts – includingAlfred Edward Housman,poet and author of "A Shropshire Lad"(his ashes were buried in the graveyard of St Laurence's Church and were marked by a cherry tree).Stanley J. Weyman,the novelist known as the "Prince of Romance", was born in Ludlow, as was sculptorAdrian Jones,whose ashes are buried in the same churchyard. The naval historian and novelist CaptainGeoffrey Bennett(Sea Lion) lived in Ludlow after his retirement in 1974 up to his death in 1983 and his ashes, too, were interred in the parish churchyard.

Sport

Ludlow's football stadium,located at Burway on the northern edge of the town (actually in Bromfield civil parish), was home to AFC Ludlow and several other sports teams.

The town had afootballteam (AFC Ludlow), which competed in theWest Midlands (Regional) LeagueDivision One.The club could no longer field a full team, and folded in June 2016. Ludlow'srugby unionclub have their ground situated just off Linney near the castle, competing in the Midland league. There is acricketclub sporting its 1st and 2nd XI teams in the Shropshire Premier Cricket League and its 3rd and 4th XI in the Shropshire Cricket League Division 5 and Division 6 respectively. The cricket ground is near the junction of Burway Lane and Bromfield Road in the north of the town and has a picturesque setting with the castle, St Laurence's church and surrounding hills and countryside clearly visible.

Ludlow Racecourseand Ludlow Golf Club are situated together just off theA49 road2 miles (3.2 km) northwest of the town centre, at a place called Old Field nearBromfield.A smaller (9-hole) golf course exists at Elm Lodge, just off Fishmore Road on the northern edge of the town.

A privately run leisure and fitness centre, which includes a swimming pool, is on Bromfield Road on the northern edge of the town (near the secondary school).Lawn bowlsis played in the area, with several teams from Ludlow's two bowling clubs (Burway and Ludlow Castle) playing against each other and teams from further afield, in the Ludlow & District Bowls League,as well as in the higher Shropshire leagues. There is an amateurboxingclub, situated on Wheeler Road, with its new clubhouse opening in 2014.

Media

Castle Square looking east towards St Laurence's Church.Ludlow Collegeis to the left;Castle Lodgeto the right.

Newspapers

TheLudlow Advertiserwas founded in 1855 by John Crosse, with its original offices at 18 King Street. New premises for the Advertiser were constructed in 1914 on Upper Galdeford, still called the Advertiser Buildings, but now a fast-food outlet. It has published an edition weekly ever since,though is now theLudlow and Tenbury Wells Advertiserand published from theHereford Timesoffices in Hereford. The current free paper is theTeme Valley Times,founded in 2006. In 2010 theLudlow Journal,a free weekly newspaper, ceased publication and was absorbed into its paid-for sister, theSouth Shropshire Journal. TheShropshire Star– with its related publication theSouth Shropshire Journal– is published inKetleyand had an office in Ludlow, at The Angel on Broad Street, but this closed in 2017. The magazine publisherNewsfieldwas based in Ludlow.

Television

Regional TV news is provided byBBC West MidlandsandITV Central.Television signals are received from theRidge Hilland the local relay transmitters.

Radio stations

Sunshine Radio,once apirate radiostation, is now a legitimate commercial broadcaster in the south Shropshire and north Herefordshire/Worcestershire area on 105.9 FM, and more widely on 855 kHz AMwhich is broadcast from a transmitting station situated between Ludlow and Tenbury Wells.Itssister station in Herefordcan also be received in Ludlow on 106.2 FM.BBC Radio Shropshire,broadcast largely from Shrewsbury, has a number of frequencies in order to cover the county's hilly terrain, and broadcasts in this part of south Shropshire on 95 FM, referred to as its Ludlow frequency. There is a transmitting station above the town inMortimer Forest,which transmits Radio Shropshire and other television and radio frequencies.BBC Hereford and Worcester's 94.7 FM and 1584 kHz AM broadcasts can be picked up in Ludlow.

BBC Hereford and Worcester's 1584 AM and Sunshine Radio's 105.9 FM broadcasts are made from theWoofferton transmitting station,just south of Ludlow, which is notable for itsCold Warhistory and now being the UK's only remainingshortwavebroadcasting site.

Governance

Civic

The Buttercross, built in 1743–1746, at the top of Broad Street and the highest point of the medieval town (the site of the High Cross); historically this spot was used as a benchmark for road distances to Ludlow.

Ludlow Guildhall

Ludlow is acivil parishwith atown counciland a mayor. Ludlow was aboroughfrom 1461 to 1974 (becoming amunicipal boroughin 1835 and arural boroughin 1967); the borough encompassed the same area as Ludlow'sparishuntil the mid-late 19th century. Its borough status meant Ludlow was largely autonomous from the hundred ofMunslowwhich it lay in.

Wider local government was provided byLudlow Rural Districtfrom 1894 (this rural district absorbed the borough of Ludlow in 1967, causing the change in status to a rural borough) until 1974 whenSouth ShropshireDistrict Council (with Ludlow as its seat) took over along withShropshire County Councilin a two-tier arrangement. Rural boroughs were abolished in 1974 and Ludlow'sborough statusat that point ended. The district councils of Shropshire were abolished in 2009 and the county now has aunitary authoritycalledShropshire Council,based in Shrewsbury. The South Shropshire District Council's offices at Stone House on Corve Street were gradually emptied of local government staff until their sale in 2014.

The town council is based atLudlow Guildhallon Mill Street, a grade I listed building,which was the home of the town'scountyand magistrates' courts until their closure in 2011.There was a Town Hall, situated in the Square, which was built in 1887–1888 and demolished in March 1986;it featured prominently just prior to its demolition in the 1985 television dramaBlott on the Landscape.The other notable civic building in the centre of town is theButtercross(named as it was the butter market at the site of the medieval High Cross); it was the home of the town council after the demolition of the Town Hall and prior to the closure of the courts. It is now an 'interpretation centre' for the town's architectural heritage.

Electoral arrangements

The boundaries of Ludlow's wards and electoral divisions were most recently reviewed in 2008.

Fifteen councillors sit on the town council, representing sevenwards,and elections (when contested) are held every four years (at the same time as elections to Shropshire Council). The seven wards changed slightly in 2008, retaining their previous names and number of councillors they each return – they are (with the number of town councillors returned given): Rockspring (2), Hayton (2), Bringewood (2), Corve (2), Whitcliffe (2), Gallows Bank (3), and Clee View (2).

Ludlow together with nearby parishes comprise three electoral divisions, each returning one councillor to Shropshire Council in elections held every four years, themost recent being in 2021.The electoral divisions comprise:

• Ludlow North (the wards of Corve, Whitcliffe and Bringewood together with the parish ofBromfield)
• Ludlow East (the wards of Hayton, Clee View and Rockspring)
• Ludlow South (Gallows Bank and the parishes ofLudford,Richard's Castle,Ashford BowdlerandAshford Carbonel).

Civil parishes

Ludford is a separatecivil parish,with its own parish council, and covers the adjoining places ofLudford,Foldgate, Steventon,the Sheetand Rocks Green. Until 1901 an area of land at the foot of Old Street, calledHoldgate Fee,was a detached part of Ludford parish in the town itself. Ludlow Castle was a parish of its own, contained within the castle's walls and the immediate hillside; it was abolished in 1901 and ceded to Ludlow's civil parish.Other than Ludford, the only other civil parish in the present-day that neighbours Ludlow isBromfield.

The civil parish ofEast Hamlet,created in 1884 covered a limited area to the east of the town; this parish was largely absorbed by Ludlow's parish as the town expanded into it (in 1901, 1934 and finally in 1987 when it was abolished). Ludlow's parish in 1901 expanded into Ludford to the east (taking in Holdgate Fee and the Steventon New Road area); another two expansions into Ludford in 1934 involved taking in the Whitcliffe (which had been acquired by the burgesses of Ludlow already in the 13th century)and a further part to the east (the Gallows Bank area). 1934 also saw a significant expansion of the Ludlow parish west into Bromfield's parish, on both sides of the Teme; this coupled with the inclusion of Whitcliffe constitutes the western, essentially rural part to Ludlow's civil parish in the present day.

Parliament

The coat of arms of Ludlow date to the creation of the parliamentary borough and pay homage toRichard, Duke of York.It displays the white lion of theEarl of Marchsurrounded by threewhite rosesof theHouse of York.

For representation to theHouse of Commons,Ludlow falls within theSouth Shropshire constituency,which has its origins in theLudlowparliamentary boroughconstituency created in 1473, and which until 1868 returned twoburgessesto Parliament.

In modern times the Ludlow constituency came to cover a large area of southern Shropshire includingBridgnorthand after constituency boundary changes was redesignatedSouth Shropshireahead of the2024 general electionwhen the current member,Stuart Andersonof theConservative Party,was elected.

Economy

McConnel Limited, a manufacturer of hedge cutting and verge mowing machinery, is based in Ludlow, occupying a seven-acre industrial site in the Temeside/Weeping Cross area of the town known as the Temeside Works.The company claims to be the innovator of the first tractor-mounted hedge cutting machine (produced in 1945) and a leading producer of reach flail mower hedge and verge mowing power-arm technology.

Market

The town has regular outdoor markets held on Castle Square, an area that was enlarged in 1986 with the demolition of the Town Hall (which was also known as Market Hall). General markets are held on Mondays, Wednesdays, Fridays and Saturdays. Specialist markets (examples being crafts, antiques, local produce) are held on occasional Thursdays and Sundays. They are run by the town council.

Education

Ludlow has two primary schools for children aged 5–11, and a secondary school – theLudlow Church of England School— for pupils aged 11–16.

Ludlow Collegeis a sixth form college in the town centre, formed by the merger of the town's boys grammar school and girls high school. Prior to its merger withHerefordshire Collegein 2012 it was one of the oldest educational institutions in the country, dating back some 800 years.

Health

Ludlow Hospitalis an NHS community hospital at the junction of Gravel Hill and New Road. It had until recently several inpatient and outpatient departments and wards, as well as a minor injuries unit.

There are two doctors' surgeries in the town, both just off Upper Galdeford.

Emergency services

TheShropshire Fire and Rescue Servicehave a fire station on Weeping Cross Lane, staffed byretained firefighters.

West Mercia Policehave a police station on Lower Galdeford. Its front counter closed in 2015.

Voluntary aid society, theBritish Red Cross,has a hall in the Smithfield car park, just off Lower Galdeford, and adjacent to the fire station.

Religion

St Peter's church, built in the late 1930s in the neo-Byzantine and plain Romanesque styles, is the town's Roman Catholic church.

There are twoChurch of England parishesin Ludlow and two Church of England churches – the large and historicSt Laurence's Churchin the centre of the town – and the 19th century St John's Church on Gravel Hill. Within St Laurence's Church are the St John's, Lady and St Catherine's chapels.Ludford has its own Church of Englandparishand church, dedicated to St Giles.

Ludlow falls within the Church of England'sDiocese of Herefordand between 1981 and 2020 was a suffraganseewith its ownsuffragan bishop,theBishop of Ludlow,the only such bishop in the diocese. There has long been anArchdeacon of Ludlow,historically known as the Archdeacon of Shropshire, overseeing the other parishes in the southern part of the county (the part of the Hereford diocese that is within Shropshire).

TheRoman Catholicchurch of St Peter is on Henley Road.Construction to a design by the Welsh-based Italian architectGiuseppe Rinvolucribegan in 1935, using stone from nearbyFarlowand building in a neo-Byzantine and plain Romanesque style. The construction also involved novel reinforced concrete technology. The Byzantine design continues inside, with a blue dome with twelve gold-leaf stars representing St Peter and the other Apostles.AnArt Decopresbyterywas built next to the church. St Peter's chapel, within the castle, is now a ruin.

Ludlow has aMethodistchurch on Broad Street,aQuaker Meeting Houseon St Mary's Lane,aBaptistchurch at the Rockspring Community Centre,and anElim Pentecostalchurch off the Smithfield car park.

Twomonastic institutionsonce existed in Ludlow – one Augustinian ( "Austin" ) Friars on the corner of Lower Galdeford and Weeping Cross Lane, and the other Carmelite ( "White" ) Friars between Linney and Corve Street. Both weredissolved in 1538.The White Friars site became the town's cemetery in 1824, with a new church constructed, dedicated to St Leonard (a St Leonard's chapel existed on the corner of Corve Street and Linney in medieval times). The St Leonard's graveyard and church still exist but are no longer used for burials or worship (instead the church building is now a commercial premises). The Austin Friars site became the town's livestock market (the Smithfield) and is now a public car park.

Landmarks

Dinham Bridge crossing theRiver Teme;Ludlow Castle is situated above on the hill.

The following are the principal landmark buildings and structures in the town, the majority of which are grade I or II*listed buildings.

Ludlow Castle St Laurence's Church Feathers Hotel The Buttercross Ludford Bridge Horseshoe Weir (immediately downstream of Ludford Bridge) Dinham Bridge Castle Lodge Reader's House, rear of St Laurence's

The Broad Gate 1 Broad Street (Bodenhams) St Thomas Chapel, Dinham Dinham House & Dinham Lodge Hosyers Almshouses, College Street Palmers Hall,Ludlow College,Mill Street The Guildhall, Mill Street Old Stone House & Tudor House, Corve Street Fishmore Hall Hotel

Twinning

Ludlow has three twinning arrangements.

• La Ferté-Macé,Orne,France (since 1986)
• San Pietro in Cariano,Province of Verona,Veneto, Italy (since 1989)
• Narberth,Pembrokeshire,Wales (since 2003)

Notable people

Thestained glass windowabove the west door of St Laurence's displays the Lords of Ludlow Castle and most notably four key royals associated with Ludlow during/after theWars of the Roses.The praying figures at the foot are (from left to right)Richard, Duke of York,his sonEdward IVand his sonEdward Vand grandsonArthur, Prince of Wales.

Robert Mascall(died 1416), a medieval Carmelite friar who served as the Bishop of Hereford from 1404 to 1416 was born at Ludlow.Thomas Holland(1549 in Ludlow – 1612) was an English Calvinist scholar and theologian and one of the translators of the King James Version of the Bible. SirJohn Bridgeman(1568/69 – 1638), a Chief Justice of The Marches in the 17th century is buried in St Laurence's church, within a tomb monument attributed toFrancesco Fanelli.

SirTimothy Littleton(c1608 – 1679) was an English judge and politician who sat in the House of Commons forLudlowbetween 1660 and 1670. The poetSamuel Butler(1613–1680), lived at Ludlow while working as steward to the Lord President of the Marches in 1661–62, during which time he completed the first part of his well-known satireHudibras.

The painterSamuel Scott(1702–1772) moved to Ludlow in 1765,while portrait painterWilliam Owen(1769–1825) was born in Ludlow.

AdmiralJames Vashon(1742–1827) lived in Ludlow, on Broad Street, following his distinguished service in the Royal Navy. He died in the town and is buried at St Laurence's. A civic societyblue plaquecommemorates him at 54 Broad Street;there is a Vashon Close in Ludlow's eastern suburbs.Thomas Johnes(1748 in Ludlow – 1816) was an MP, landscape architect, farmer, printer, writer and social benefactor.Molly Morgan(1762 in Ludlow as Mary Jones -1835) lived in the area until transported in 1788 as a convict to Australia, where she eventually became a landowner and benefactor inNew South Wales.

Notable people associated with the town includeCharles Badham(1813 in Ludlow–1884), aVictorianscholar and professor atSydney UniversityandThomas Wright(1810–1877), an English antiquarian and writer. SirCharles Hastings(1794 in Ludlow–1866), was a pioneering Victorian doctor and founder of theBritish Medical Association.Stanley J. Weyman(1855 in Ludlow – 1928) was an English writer of historical romance. Ludlow was birthplace of historianCharles Lethbridge Kingsford(1862–1926), when his father was headmaster at Ludlow Grammar School.

Born near the town wasJohn Marston(1836–1918), the founder of theSunbeamracing car andmotorcyclecompany. Also born in proximity to Ludlow wasHenry Hill Hickman(1800–1830), a very early pioneer of anaesthetics, at Lady Halton, nearBromfield.PictorialistphotographerHenry Peach Robinson(1830–1901) was born in the town.

CaptainAdrian JonesMVO(1845 in Ludlow – 1938), the well-known sculptor has many works throughout the world, particularly the Peace Quadriga on theWellington Archin London, and his ashes are buried at St Laurence's church.Sir William Jukes-Steward(1841–1912), laterSpeaker of the New Zealand House of Representatives,had a boyhood home in Ludlow, where he attended the Grammar School, at Numbers 4–5 King Street (marked by plaque).

CaptainGeoffrey BennettDSC(1909–1983), Fellow of theRoyal Historical Society,naval officer and a well-known author, writing novels such as 'Sea Lion' and naval histories under his own name, retired to a cottage in central Ludlow in 1976, where he died. Lieutenant-ColonelUvedale CorbettCBE DSO (1909–2005) was a British soldier, politician and businessman and Conservative MP forLudlowfrom 1945 to 1951.

Martin Rees,Baron Rees of Ludlow (born 1942), the currentAstronomer Royal,is associated with the town, andAnthony Howard(1934–2010), a senior British political journalist, obituary writer, and social commentator had a home there. Local MPPhilip Dunnewas born in Ludlow in 1958.

The authorP. D. James,Baroness James of Holland Park (1920–2014) spent part of her youth in Ludlow and attended the British School there. Fr.John Fitzgerald(1927–2007) was a Carmelite friar, priest, poet and philosopher from Ludlow.Kate Charles(born 1950) an American crime writer, lives in Ludlow.Lucy Jones(born 1955) a British painter and printmaker, also lives in Ludlow.

Cyril Lello(1921–1997) from Ludlow was a professional footballer, notably forShrewsbury TownandEverton.Harry Burgoyne(born 1996), also from Ludlow, is a footballer currently playing for Shrewsbury Town.

Dick Heckstall-Smith(1934–2004) from Ludlow was an English jazz and blues saxophonist.Sheena Porter(born 1935) a British author of children's novels, lives in Ludlow. The actorJohn Challis(1942–2021) who playedBoycieinOnly Fools & Horseslived near Ludlow, as didPete Postlethwaite(1946–2011). The actressHolly Davidson(born 1980) (fromCasualtyandThe Bill) grew up locally.Hollie Robertson(born 1985), winner of theBBC'sStrictly Dance Feverin 2006 is from Ludlow. ImpressionistAlistair McGowan(born 1964), now lives in Ludlow, where he is patron of the Ludlow Fringe Festival in which he has appeared performing live.

See also

• Listed buildings in Ludlow (northern area)
• Listed buildings in Ludlow (southern area)

References

• Conzen, M. R. G. (2011) [1988]. "Morphogenesis, morphological regions and secular human agency in the historic townscape, as exemplified by Ludlow".Urban Historical Geography: Recent Progress in Britain and Germany.Cambridge Studies in Historical Geography. Vol. 10 (paperback ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 253–272.ISBN978-0-521-18974-3.
• Coplestone-Crow, Bruce (2000). "From Foundation to the Anarchy". In Ron Shoesmith; Andy Johnson (eds.).Ludlow Castle: Its History & Buildings.Logaston Press.ISBN1-873827-51-2.
• Fenwick, Carolyn, ed. (2001).The poll taxes of 1377, 1379 and 1381: Part 2, Lincolnshire–Westmorland.Oxford University Press.ISBN978-0-19-726228-3.
• Pallister, David Michael, ed. (2000).The Cambridge Urban History of Britain.Vol. I: 600–1540. Cambridge University Press.
• Room, Adrian (2003).Placenames of the World: Origins and Meanings.McFarland.ISBN0-7864-1814-1.
• Shoesmith, Ron (2000). "The Town of Ludlow". In Ron Shoesmith; Andy Johnson (eds.).Ludlow Castle: Its History & Buildings.Logaston Press.ISBN1-873827-51-2.

External links

• Ludlow Town Council
• Geograph– photos of Ludlow and surrounding areas