Muda language

Muda
Native to	China
Native speakers	2,000 (2007)
Language family	Sino-Tibetan (Tibeto-Burman) Lolo–Burmese Loloish Southern Akha? Muda
Language codes
ISO 639-3	ymd
Glottolog	muda1235
ELP	Muda
Muda is classified as Vulnerable by theUNESCOAtlas of the World's Languages in Danger

Muda( mộc đạt or mẫu đả ) is aLoloish languageofChina.

There are over 2,000 Muda speakers in Nanlianshan Village Community nam liên sơn thôn ủy hội(formerly Nanlianshan District, nam liên sơn hương, now part of Gasa Township ca sái trấn ),Jinghong City,Yunnan, China (Xu 1991).

Classification

Xu (1991) classifies Muda as a Ha-Ya language (seeHani languages).

Hsiu (2018)classifies Muda as anAkhalanguage containing aBisoidsubstratum,with the substrate language being an early split from Bisoid. Muda has Cl- consonant clusters like variousBisoid languages,Siloid languages,andJinuo,while words of Bisoid origin include 'leg', 'house', and 'smoke'.

Phonology

Muda has the complex consonant onsets/pl,pʰl,bl,ml,pj,pʰj,bj,mj/(Xu 1991:34).

Vocabulary

The following vocabulary of Muda is from Xu (1991).

English gloss	Chinese gloss	Muda	Page
White	Bạch	pʰlu⁵⁵	35
Full	Mãn	blaŋ³³	35
Pus	Nùng	()blaŋ⁵⁵	36
Arrow	Tiễn	()mla³¹	36
Broom	Tảo trửu	()pʰjɔ⁵⁵	36
Bee	Mật phong	bja³¹	36
Lose, to	Di thất	()bjo̱³³	36
Fly, to	Phi	jɔ³³	36
Monkey	Hầu tử	()mjo̱³¹	36
Many	Đa	mja³¹	36
Foot	Cước	kʰɯ⁵⁵	37
Six	Lục	ko̱³¹	37
Gallbladder	Đảm	()kʰɯ⁵⁵	37
Star	Tinh tinh	()gɯ⁵⁵	37
Copper	Đồng	gɯ³¹	37
Tendon	Cân	()gu³¹	37
Manure	Phẩn	cçʰe³¹	38
Root (classifier)	Căn ( lượng từ )	cçʰaŋ³¹	38
Wide	Khoan	()ɟje⁵⁵	38
Drop, to	Điệu	ɟja³³	38
Day (time)	Thiên ( nhật tử )	naŋ³³	38
Soft	Nhuyễn	nø̱³¹	38
Cook, to	Chử	tɕa̱³¹	38
Sour	Toan	tɕʰɛ⁵⁵	38
Narrow	Trách	tɕu̱³¹	38
Lick, to	Thiểm	tɕʰy⁵⁵	38
Stick (classifier)	Điều	tɕa̱³³	38
Cry, weep	Khóc	ɴo⁵⁵	39
Steal, to	Thâu	qʰø³¹	39
Bitter	Khổ	qʰa³¹	39
Smoke (fog)	Yên ( vụ )	()qʰø³¹	39
Nine	Cửu	ɢø³¹	39
Curved	Loan	ɢaŋ³¹	39
Play, to	Ngoạn sái	()ɢa³³	39
Enter, to	Tiến	aŋ⁵⁵	40
Horse	Mã	maŋ³¹	40
Open (door)	Khai ( môn )	pʰaŋ³³	40
Sell, to	Mại	aŋ³¹	40
Throat	Hầu lung	kʰaŋ³¹()	40
Dark	Ám	jaŋ⁵⁵	40
Pus	Nùng	()blaŋ⁵⁵	40
Full	Mãn	blaŋ³³	40
Money	Tiền	()kʰaŋ⁵⁵	40
Bear	Cẩu hùng	()xum⁵⁵	40
Otter	Thủy thát	()ɕum⁵⁵	40
Iron	Thiết	ɕʰum⁵⁵	41
Pile (of soil)	Đôi ( thổ )	blum⁵⁵	41
House	Phòng ốc	ʑum⁵⁵	41
Roast, to	Khảo	lum⁵⁵	41
Round	Viên	laŋ³³	41
Surround, to	Bao vi	()laŋ⁵⁵	41
Pond	Trì đường	laŋ³³()	41
Axe	Phủ tử	()dzɿ³³	41
Woman	Nữ nhân	()mi³¹	41
Louse	Sắt tử	ɕɛ⁵⁵()	41
Goose	Nga	gɛ̱³³()	41
Push, to	Thôi	dɛ³¹	41
Edge	Biên thượng	()dzɛ⁵⁵()	41
Eagle	Lão ưng	()dzɛ⁵⁵	41
Saddle	An tử	()qɔ̱³³	41
Shallow	Thiển	tɛ̱³³	41
Change, to	Cải	pʰa³³	41
Winnow (rice), to	Bá ( mễ )	ja⁵⁵	41
See, to	Khán kiến	()mɔ⁵⁵	41
Mosquito	Văn tử	()gɔ³¹	41
Change, to	Biến	pʰa⁵⁵	41
Stick (classifier)	Điều	tɕa̱³³	41
Leg	Thối	bɔ⁵⁵()	41
Store, to	Phô	qʰɔ³¹	41

References

• Xu Shixuan [ từ thế toàn ] (1991). "Several types of sound changes in Lolo-Burmese languages [ miến di ngữ kỉ chủng âm loại đích diễn biến ]." InMinzu Yuwen1991(3), 34-41.
• http://asiaharvest.org/wp-content/themes/asia/docs/people-groups/China/chinaPeoples/M/Muda.pdf