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This article is about the Australian television network. For the New Zealand television channel formerly known as Prime, seeSky Open (TV channel).For the Canadian television channel formerly known as Prime, seeDTour.For other stations named Prime, seePrime (disambiguation) § Television.

Prime7
CountryAustralia
Broadcast areaNorthern NSW & Gold Coast,Southern NSW & ACT,Regional Victoria,Mildura
NetworkSeven Network(O&O)
HeadquartersWatson, Canberra
Programming
Language(s)English
Picture formatHDTV1080i
(downscaled to16:9576ifor the SD feed)
Ownership
OwnerSeven West Media
Sister channels
History
Launched17 March 1962(1962-03-17)
Closed30 June 2022(2022-06-30)
Replaced bySeven Network
Former names
  • CBN/CWN (1965–1973)
  • RVN/AMV (1971–1985)
  • Television 6-8-9 (1973–1981)
  • Great Eastland Television(NEN) (1975–1987)
  • 9-8 Television (NEN) (1981–1989)
  • Mid State Television (CBN) (1981–1988)
  • The Prime Network (AMV) (1985–1988)
  • Prime Television/Ten Prime (1988–2011)
Availability
Terrestrial
Freeview Prime7 owned (virtual)6/61
Freeview Prime7 HD (virtual)60

Prime7,formerlyPrime Televisionand other names, was an Australiantelevision network.Prime Television launched on 17 March 1962 asCBN-8inOrange,and later expanded to cover regionalNew South Wales,Victoriaand theAustralian Capital Territory.It was initially an independent affiliate owned byPrime Media Groupbefore the network, and its sisterGWN7,were acquired bySeven West Mediaon 31 December 2021.

Prime7 along withGWN7national broadcast facilities were based inCanberra,with playout facilities (since 2021) shared with hybrid-funded broadcasterSBS Televisionat a facility operated by Australian telecommunications providerTelstra.Seven West Media head office/administration is located inPyrmont, Sydney.[1]

History

[edit]

Origins

[edit]

Prime Television originally began as a group of separate stations and networks – Midstate Television inOrange,DubboandGriffith;RVN/AMV inWagga WaggaandAlbury;and 9-8 Television inTamworthandTaree.[2]

CBN-8Orange first aired on 17 March 1962, followed byCWN-6Dubbo on 1 December 1965,[2]andMTN-9Griffith began on 15 December 1965. CBN and CWN were both licensed to Country Television Services (also the owner of radio station2GZin Orange). CWN was a full-time relay of CBN—the first Australian television station to relay another. The two stations thus formed the country's first regional television network.[2]

RVN-2 Wagga Wagga began broadcasting on 19 June 1964, whileAMV-4Albury launched on 7 September 1964. The two stations merged in 1971 as the Riverina and North East Victoria Television Service Pty Ltd with the callsignRVN/AMVon air.[2]

In northern New South Wales, NEN-9 Tamworth began transmission on 27 September 1965, with a relay inArmidale(NEN-1, later NEN-10) on 15 July 1966.[2]ECN-8Tareestarted on 27 May 1966.[2]At one stage, ECN-8 merged with NRN-11Coffs Harbour(now owned byWIN Corporation), however the two stations eventually split. NEN later merged with ECN as 9-8 Television.[2]

Television 6-8-9

[edit]

As a result of the financial difficulties that many independent stations faced, MTN-9 joined CWN-6 and CBN-8 to formTelevision 6-8-9in 1973.[2]Relays were launched inPortland,Lithgow,Mudgee,Cobar,KandosandRylstoneandBathurst.In 1981, 6-8-9 changed its name toMidstate Television.[2]

Colour televisionwas introduced at the same time as the rest of the country, on 1 March 1975 – one of the single most expensive processes undertaken by CBN to date.[2]The station was a prominent broadcaster of local sporting events including tennis andrugby.[2]In 1979, a documentary titledGoin' Down The Road,about the 1978 National Rodeo Titles won the network aLogie awardfor an 'Outstanding Contribution by a Regional Station'.[2]

Midstate produced a number of local programs, including theWeekend Report,Early Shift,Rural RoundupandAround the Schools.[2]From 1968, CBN was able to access aPostmaster-General's Departmentmicrowave link for national news bulletins and major events.[2]

Aggregation

[edit]
Former RVN/AMV Television Centre at Lake Albert Road,Kooringalin 2008, now occupied by Generocity Church.

Midstate Television was bought out by media magnatePaul Ramsay's Ramcorp in October 1987.[2]It was soon merged with Ramcorp's other stations, RVN/AMV and NEN/ECN. In 1988, Midstate Television was renamedPrime Televisionand began to show increasedSeven Networkprogramming in readiness foraggregation.[2]

When aggregation took place, Prime began broadcasting to both southern New South Wales and northern Victoria. Transmission problems meant that aggregation in southern New South Wales took place in two stages – first the Australian Capital Territory andNSW south coaston 31 March 1989, followed byOrange,Dubbo,andWagga Waggaon 31 December 1989. These changes led to the de-merger of RVN-AMV, with RVN becoming CBN-2.[2]

Griffithremained a one-station market, however instead of taking programming from Prime in line with the network's other stations,MTN-9relayed programming mainly fromWIN Televisionin southern New South Wales.[2]A supplementary licence, AMN-31, was successfully bid for by MTN in 1996, providing a relay of Prime Television.[3]Soon after the station was purchased byWIN Television,which undertook a number of minor changes – mainly changing the news service toWIN News,and using entirely WIN branding. AMN-31 remains a relay of Prime. Similarly, theMilduralicence area remained separate from the remainder of Victoria, albeit with a single station, STV-8, later bought out by WIN Television in 1996.[4]In 1997 Prime was successful in bidding for a new licence for the area at a cost of $3.2 million.[5]PTV-31 began broadcasting the following year.[3]

Although advertising revenue increased post-aggregation, local programming declined as a result of the costs incurred by the network's expansion – an estimated $45 million had been spent by Ramcorp during and in the lead-up to aggregation.[3]After losses of $50 million, it was not until 1993 that the renamedPrime Televisionposted a profit.[3][6]

In November 1996, Prime's parent company,Prime Television,purchased theGolden West Network,a merged group of four stations in regional Western Australia; BTW-3Bunbury,VEW-8Kalgoorlie,GTW-11Geraldtonand GSW-9Albany.[7]Western Australia, similar to Griffith and Mildura, remained a one-station commercial market until 1999 when GWN became aSeven Networkaffiliate, afterWIN Televisionbegan transmission as an affiliate of both theNine NetworkandNetwork Ten.[3]

The network began to expand into New Zealand in 1997, when a number of licences were purchased fromUnited Christian Broadcastersfor an estimated $3.6 million.[8]Prime Television New Zealandbegan broadcasting on 30 August 1998, with a nightly local news program in bothWaikatoandChristchurch.[8]Prime also expanded into Argentina with the purchase of theCanal 9network.[9]

2000s

[edit]
Prime Television Broadcast Centre inWatson, Australian Capital Territory

The renamed Argentine network Azul Televisión was sold for $108 million in early 2000 due to lower-than-expected performance.[10]During the same year, Prime benefited greatly from its affiliation with theSeven Networkthroughout its carriage of the2000 Summer Olympicsin Sydney. The network's relationship with Seven was further developed throughout the early 2000s, leading to the introduction of7onPrimepromotional branding forSeven Network-produced programs on 11 February 2001.[11][12]

Local news bulletins forNewcastle,theGold Coast,Canberra,andWollongongwere axed on 9 June 2001 due to falling ratings and the anticipated costs of the switch todigital television.[13][14]This, and the closure of a number of news bulletins bySouthern Cross Broadcasting,prompted theAustralian Broadcasting Authorityto investigate the adequacy of regional news services[15]The ABA later mandated that stations broadcast a minimum level of local content, based on a points system – two points per minute for local news, and one point per minute for other local content, excluding paid advertisements.[16]

Prime formed a partnership with theNine Network(affiliated in Australia to competitorWIN Television), giving its owner,PBL Mediathe option to purchase a 50% share ofPrime Television New Zealandin return for access to original programming, and cross-promotion in PBL's New Zealand magazine titles.[17]Following this, Prime Television New Zealand began to take on branding and programming similar to that of theNine Network.In November 2005, Prime Television New Zealand was purchased bysubscription televisionproviderSky Network TelevisionforNZ$30,000,000, completed after approval by New Zealand'sCommerce Commissionin February 2006.[18]

Mildura Digital Television,a digital-only station inMildurabegan transmissions in 2006 as a joint venture betweenPrime TelevisionandWIN Corporation.[19]Section 38Bof theBroadcasting Services Actallowed for the provision of a third station owned by either one or both existing networks.[20]MDT is a direct relay of10 Melbourne,albeit with local advertising.

Prime Television announced on 21 December 2009 that it would start broadcasting7twoon 23 December 2009.[21]

2010s

[edit]

On 25 September 2010, Prime began transmission of the new HD digital channel7mateaimed at men 16–49. The first program to be broadcast was the drawn2010 AFL Grand Final.[22]On 15 January 2011, Prime Media Group reported that Prime andGWNwere set to rebrand as Prime7 and GWN7 respectively. Their news bulletins had quickly changed their names to Prime7 News and GWN7 News, while 7two dropped the "Prime" logo on the multichannels. Prime and GWN relaunched on 16 January 2011 at 18:00 (6pm).[23][24]Prime7 began broadcasting4ME(then Television 4) on 18 September 2011 on LCN 64.[25]Prime7 began broadcastingishop TVon 30 April 2013 on LCN 65.

Prime7 ceased to broadcast4MEon 30 April 2016, due to financial problems.[26]

In December 2016, Prime7 transferred its playout facilities to MediaHub Australia located within the Sydney suburb of Ingleburn. The facility is a joint venture between public broadcasterAustralian Broadcasting Corporationand rival regional networkWIN Television.Network officials noted that its existing Canberra facilities cannot be upgraded with technological advancements, causing Prime7 to be incapable of relaunching its HD simulcast as well as introducing7flixto its viewers.[27]

On 3 August 2017, 18 months after launching in metropolitan areas, Prime7 announced that it would carry 7flix to its regional stations innorthernandsouthern New South Wales,regional VictoriaandMildurafrom 3 September 2017.[28]The channel became available on digital channel 66 in MPEG-4 format.[29]On 15 January 2018, Prime7 quietly relaunched its primary HD service, Prime7 HD, on digital channel 60 in MPEG-4 format.

2021: Merger with Seven

[edit]

On 1 November 2021,Seven West Mediaannounced that it would acquire all the shares and subsidiaries ofPrime Media Group,including Prime7. This was Seven West Media's second attempt at purchasing Prime, after its previous attempt in 2019 was thwarted byAustralian Community Mediaboss Antony Catalano and rivalWIN CorporationownerBruce Gordon,who cited Seven's debt problems at the time and its poor ratings performance as their reason for their refusal. This development would mark an end to the Prime branding after 33 years in favour of theSeven Network's branding, and would see all news bulletins carry theSeven Newsbrand. Prior to this, Prime7 (and sisterGWN7in regional and remote Western Australia), as well asNineaffiliateImparja Televisionwere the only networks not to fully use its metro affiliate branding despite carrying Seven (Nine for Imparja) branded promos, since WIN Television (except for WIN News) and Southern Cross Austereo use fullNine,TenandSevenbranding on their stations. It was also announced that Seven would look to expand its investment in local news following the merger.[30]The majority of Prime's shareholders voted in favour of the deal on 23 December, with the sale completed on 31 December.[31][32]

On 23 May 2022, Seven West Media announced that the current branding of Prime7 and GWN7 would be unified into Seven Network branding across all stations including for Prime7 Local News, officially retiring the Prime7 name.[33][34]

In June 2022 the Prime7 brand was retired.[35]

On 22 July 2022 the final retirement of the Prime7 branding took place with all local news bulletins becoming "7NEWS (region)" for example "7NEWS Border" as of Monday 25 July.[36]

Programming

[edit]

Prime's programming schedule was almost identical to those of Seven Network metropolitan counterpartsATNin Sydney andHSVinMelbourne,with some differences. Since the Prime network's inception it featured a broad range of original local programming, which included children's programPossum's Clubwith Madelaine Collignon and station mascotPrime Possumas well as community service segmentPrime7 InfoNet,a series of short updates listing local community events.

Prime7's overnight schedule also differed from the Seven Network feed, containing infomercials from Danoz Direct, Home Shopping, and a feed from pay television channelExpo.Past programming from Prime Television has been recognised nationally, with some local productions winning theLogie Awardfor 'Outstanding Contribution by a Regional Television Station'. The network has won Logies forGoin' Down The Road(CBN-8, 1979),[37]Naturally(NEN-9/ECN-8, 1984),[38]Stranded(Prime Television, 1993),[39]Rest in Peace(Prime Television, 1994),[40]andNo Time For Frailty(Prime Television, 1996).[40]

Prime7 News

[edit]
Main article:Prime7 News

Seven News Regional(formerly known asPrime7 NewsandPrime News) was the network's local news service. Full bulletins were produced for the towns and surrounding regions originally covered by the stations "Midstate 6,8,9 Television",Dubbo/Orange,"RVN-2/AMV-4",Wagga Wagga/Alburyand "9/8 Television" (NEN-9/ECN-8)Tamworth/Taree,prior to theaggregationof regional television services in New South Wales that occurred in the early 1990s.[2]In other areas two-minute news updates were shown at various times of the day.[11]

Prime7 Newsbulletins were presented from Canberra weeknightly as Prime7 Local News at 18:00 (6pm) in the Albury and Wodonga Border, North West, North Coast, Central West and Wagga Wagga broadcast areas.[41][42]Prime7 News at 6:30 (with Daniel Gibson)(at 18:30) also came from the Canberra news centre.

Availability

[edit]

Prime7 was available instandard definitiondigitalformat. Since June 2007 a1080ihigh definitionsimulcast had also been available, replacing the network's former576pservice.[43]Prime7 was viewed mainly throughfree-to-airterrestrialtransmitters,althoughsubscriptioncablealso provided byTransACTandNeighbourhood Cablein theAustralian Capital TerritoryandBallarat,respectively.[44][45]

Prime7 broadcast to southernNew South Walesthrough stations based inOrangeandDubbo,northern New South Wales from stations inTamworthandTaree,Victoria from itsAlbury-Wodonga-based stationAMVandMilduraviaPTV.

Prime7 HD

[edit]

Prime7 HDoriginally launched on 15 October 2007 as a sister to the Seven Network's high definition simulcast,Seven HD.Then-known asPrime HD,it broadcast in 1080i high definition on digital channel 60 on Prime's regional stations NEN Northern New South Wales, CBN Southern New South Wales, AMV Victoria and PTV Mildura. The channel broadcast breakaway programming from 10 December 2007 until 4 October 2009, when it was turned into a straight HD simulcast. Prime HD fully ceased broadcasting on 25 September 2010 with the launch of the HD channel 7mate.[46]Prime7 re-launched their HD simulcast service, now known asPrime7 HDon 15 January 2018.

PTV

[edit]

PTVwas an Australiantelevision stationlicensed to, and serving the regions surroundingMildura, Victoria.The station commenced transmissions in 1997, afterPrime Televisionwon the second television licence forMildura,a non-aggregated market, in competition withWIN Television,for a cost of $3.2 million, in October 1996.[47][3] Analogue transmission ceased on 30 June 2010 as part of the national conversion to digital television.[48]

In the Mildura regional market, short two-minute updates are presented by rotating presenters with weather forecasts presented by Karl Lijnders,Daniel Gibsonor Craig Moore. Some of the reports aired in these updates are drawn on the resources of Mildura-basedWIN Newsoperation.

Logos

[edit]

Prime Television became a network in May 1988, with shared logos produced and used across the regional stations, featuring the wordPrime Televisioneither above an outlined triangle or rectangle.[2]Aggregation occurred across the network on 31 March 1989, along with the introduction of a green logo featuring the wordPrimewith the letteridotted with a stylised globe, introduced in December 1988.[2]This logo was used on its own across the network until 1996, when a new circular logo was introduced in 1990.[3]Following a decade in use, 2001 saw the launch of a new simplified yellow logo, with the removal of the circle.[12]This logo was launched concurrently with a similarly design logo on theGolden West Network.[11]Following the 2011 relaunch, a new red logo was introduced which incorporates theSeven Network logo.The relaunch logo featuring Seven Network was revised in 2012 from multi colour to be a single colour logo.

  • 1988–1990
    1988–1990
  • 1990–10 February 2001
    1990–10 February 2001
  • 11 February 2001 – 16 January 2011
    11 February 2001 – 16 January 2011
  • 16 January 2011 – 25 July 2022
    16 January 2011 – 25 July 2022
  • PTV
    PTV

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^"2005 Annual Report"(PDF).Prime Media Group.Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 29 August 2007.Retrieved17 September2007.
  2. ^abcdefghijklmnopqrstu"Prime Television 1960s–1980s".AusTVHistory.Archived from the original on 14 December 2008.Retrieved17 September2007.{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  3. ^abcdefg"Prime Television 1990s".AusTVHistory.Archived from the original on 2 January 2008.Retrieved17 September2007.{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  4. ^Tanner, Stephen (1995)."The Rise and Fall of Edmund Rouse"(PDF).Australian Studies in Journalism.University of Queensland:63. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 29 August 2007.Retrieved19 August2007.
  5. ^"New Commercial TV licences for Darwin and Mildura".Australian Communications and Media Authority.29 October 1996. Archived fromthe originalon 21 February 2008.Retrieved15 September2007.
  6. ^Wynne, Michael (2005)."Ramsay Healthcare Early Years".University of Wollongong.Archived fromthe originalon 10 September 2007.Retrieved15 September2007.
  7. ^Kidman, Matthew (13 November 1996)."Prime buys Golden West".The Sydney Morning Herald.Sydney:Fairfax Media.p. 29.ProQuest363364327.Retrieved19 February2022– viaNewsbank.
  8. ^ab"Packer to boost Prime Television".The Press.Christchurch.22 December 2001. p. 17.ProQuest314457739.
  9. ^Kidman, Matthew (16 December 1997)."Prime TV buys and sells in Argentina".The Sydney Morning Herald.Sydney:Fairfax Media.p. 27.ProQuest363450289.Retrieved19 February2022– viaNewsbank.
  10. ^Schulze, Jane (17 March 2000)."Prime offloads Azul for $108m".The Sydney Morning Herald.Sydney:Fairfax Media.p. 27.ProQuest363678724.Retrieved19 February2022– viaNewsbank.
  11. ^abc"Prime Television 2000s".AusTVHistory.Archived fromthe originalon 2 January 2008.Retrieved17 September2007.
  12. ^abSibley, David (10 February 2001). "New look for Prime TV in ratings chase".The Canberra Times.Canberra:Rural Press.p. 7.ProQuest1016133692.
  13. ^Maguire, Tory (9 June 2001)."Regional TV news gets axe".The Daily Telegraph.Sydney:News Limited.p. 17.ProQuest358703275.Retrieved19 February2022– viaNewsbank.
  14. ^Sibley, David (9 June 2001). "Prime TV axes news bulletins".The Canberra Times.Canberra:Rural Press.p. 1.ProQuest1016088957.
  15. ^White, Annie (21 September 2001)."ABA to hold investigation into adequacy of regional news".PM.Australian Broadcasting Corporation.Archivedfrom the original on 2 January 2008.Retrieved1 September2007.
  16. ^"Regional television exceeds local content quotas".Australian Communications and Media Authority.7 September 2004. Archived fromthe originalon 7 October 2007.Retrieved1 September2007.
  17. ^"Nine Network Australia Formally Commences New Zealand Partnership with Prime Television Australia"(Press release).PBL Media.18 February 2002. Archived fromthe originalon 27 September 2007.Retrieved2 September2007.
  18. ^"About Us".Prime Television New Zealand.2006. Archived fromthe originalon 26 October 2007.Retrieved1 September2007.
  19. ^"TEN Digital commences in Mildura".Digital Broadcasting Australia.1 January 2006. Archived fromthe originalon 4 July 2006.Retrieved30 March2024– via National Library of Australia.
  20. ^"ABA media - NR4/2005: New digital commercial television service for Mildura/Sunraysia"(Press release).Australian Broadcasting Authority.28 January 2004. Archived fromthe originalon 16 March 2005.Retrieved30 March2024.
  21. ^Knox, David (22 December 2009)."7TWO to launch on Prime".TV Tonight.Retrieved30 March2024.
  22. ^Knox, David (25 August 2010)."7mate on Prime".TV Tonight.Retrieved30 March2024.
  23. ^"Prime7".Retrieved24 January2011.̼[permanent dead link]
  24. ^Knox, David (15 January 2011)."Prime, GWN rebrand with 7".TV Tonight.Retrieved30 March2024.
  25. ^Cusack, Nicole."Television 4 is launching September 18th 2011 to ALL homes in Regional NSW, VIC, ACT and the Gold Coast".Archived fromthe originalon 8 October 2011.Retrieved23 January2012.
  26. ^Knox, David (29 April 2016)."Datacasting channel 4ME in doubt as producers enter administration".TV Tonight.Retrieved30 April2016.
  27. ^Perry, Kevin (12 December 2016)."PRIME looks to 7flix and HD launch after completing transition to MediaHub".DeciderTV.Archived fromthe originalon 21 December 2016.Retrieved13 December2016.
  28. ^Samios, Zoe (3 August 2017)."Prime7 launches 7Flix across regional NSW, ACT, Victoria and Gold Coast".Mumbrella.Archivedfrom the original on 4 August 2017.Retrieved4 August2017.
  29. ^"7flix — Prime7".Prime Media Group. 3 August 2017.Retrieved4 August2017.[permanent dead link]
  30. ^McGuire, Amelia; Samios, Zoe (1 November 2021)."Seven West Media to buy regional affiliate Prime for $132m".The Sydney Morning Herald.Sydney:Nine Entertainment.Archivedfrom the original on 2 November 2021.Retrieved2 November2021.
  31. ^"Prime Media shareholders give the green light for Seven West Media merger".Seven News.Seven West Media.Australian Associated Press.23 December 2021.Archivedfrom the original on 23 December 2021.Retrieved23 December2021.
  32. ^"Acquisition of Prime completed"(PDF)(Press release). Seven West Media. 31 December 2021.Retrieved30 March2024– viaAustralian Securities Exchange.
  33. ^Knox, David (23 May 2022)."Prime7 and GWN7 to unite under Seven banner".TV Tonight.Retrieved22 May2022.
  34. ^Samios, Zoe (29 May 2022)."Goodbye, Prime Possum? Seven eyes brand changes ahead of Commonwealth Games".The Sydney Morning Herald.Sydney:Nine Entertainment.Retrieved7 January2023.
  35. ^Ryan, Aaron (18 May 2022)."EXCLUSIVE | Prime7 and GWN7 set to rebrand as Seven unifies its network to one national identity".TV Blackbox.Retrieved7 January2023.
  36. ^Perry, Kevin (20 July 2022)."End of an era for regional viewers as PRIME7 NEWS becomes 7NEWS LOCAL".TV Blackbox.Retrieved7 January2023.
  37. ^"Australian Television: 1978–1981 Logie Awards".Australian Television Information Archive.Archivedfrom the original on 19 August 2019.Retrieved19 September2007.
  38. ^"Australian Television: 1982–1985 Logie Awards".Australian Television Information Archive.Archivedfrom the original on 15 August 2019.Retrieved15 September2007.
  39. ^"Australian Television: 1990–1993 Logie Awards".Australian Television Information Archive.Archivedfrom the original on 16 October 2014.Retrieved15 September2007.
  40. ^ab"Australian Television: 1994–1997 Logie Awards".Australian Television Information Archive.Archivedfrom the original on 21 November 2014.Retrieved15 September2007– via National Library of Australia.
  41. ^"TV news decision ends an era".ABC News.Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 6 August 2010. Archived fromthe originalon 10 October 2010.Retrieved17 August2010.
  42. ^"Prime airs its first Canberra bulletin".The Daily Advertiser.Wagga Wagga:Fairfax Media.17 August 2010. p. 3.
  43. ^"Prime Television announces HD shift to 1080i format".Digital Broadcasting Australia.28 June 2007. Archived fromthe originalon 28 September 2007.Retrieved29 June2007.
  44. ^"TransTV Channel Lineup".TransACT.Archived fromthe originalon 20 August 2007.Retrieved19 August2007.
  45. ^"Neighbourhood Cable Channel Lineup".Neighbourhood Cable.Archived fromthe originalon 29 August 2007.Retrieved19 August2007.
  46. ^"7mate on Prime to Launch same time as 7mate in the Cities".Throng.25 August 2010. Archived fromthe originalon 11 March 2012.Retrieved25 August2010.
  47. ^"New Commercial TV licences for Darwin and Mildura".Australian Communications and Media Authority.29 October 1996. Archived fromthe originalon 21 February 2008.Retrieved15 September2007.
  48. ^"Digital TV switch flicked in Mildura".ABC News.Australian Broadcasting Corporation.30 June 2010.Retrieved28 September2023.

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