Psalm 70
Psalm 70 | |
---|---|
"Make haste, O God, to deliver me" | |
![]() "Deus in adiutorium meum intende" in a MainzBook of Hours,c. 1450 | |
Other name |
|
Language | Hebrew (original) |
Psalm 70is the 70th psalm of theBook of Psalms,beginning in English in theKing James Version:"Make haste, O God, to deliver me".The Book of Psalms is part of thethird sectionof theHebrew Bible,[1]and a book of theChristianOld Testament.In the slightly different numbering system used in the GreekSeptuagintand LatinVulgatetranslations of the Bible, this psalm isPsalm 69.In Latin, it is known as "Deus, in adiutorium meum intende".[2]
There are 5 verses (6 in the Hebrew verse numbering).[3]The entire psalm is almost identical to the closing verses ofPsalm 40.Verse 1 is used as the liturgical opening prayer to every hour of theLiturgy of the Hours.
The psalm forms a regular part ofJewish,Catholic,Lutheran,Anglicanand other Protestant liturgies. It has often beenset to music,especially in music forvesperswhich its beginning opens, such as in Monteverdi'sVespro della Beata Vergine.
Background and themes
[edit]The opening verse in the Hebrew identifies this psalm as one of remembrance (Hebrew:להכיר,"to remember" ). This opening term appears in only one other psalm,Psalm 38.[4]
This entire psalm is virtually identical to the closing verses ofPsalm 40(verses 14–18 in the Hebrew, 13–17 in the KJV).[4][5]According to theMalbim,Psalm 40 was composed byDavidwhen he was fleeing fromSaul,and David repeated this psalm later when he was fleeing fromAbsalom.[4]TheMidrash Tehillimnotes a slight discrepancy between verse 6 here ( "But I am poor and needy, O God, make haste unto me" ) and verse 18 in Psalm 40 ( "But I am poor and needy, may the Lord think of me" ). The Midrash teaches that David was telling God, "Think of me in my poverty and in my need, and You will then make haste to deliver me, for You are my help and my deliverer".[6]
Regarding the similarity between Psalms 40 and 70,Matthew Henrynotes that it can sometimes be efficacious to recite the prayers one prayed in similar situations, investing them with new emotion.[5]
The opening verse is literally "God, to deliver me, to my help! Hurry!" It is a sped up and abbreviated version of Psalm 40:14. This is consistent with hasten used repeatedly in the opening. In some views, the first verses of Psalm 40 concern the coming anointed and His deliverance, while the later verses concern the desperate in general. It is the later verses of Psalm 40 carried over to Psalm 70.[7]
Text
[edit]Hebrew
[edit]The following table shows the Hebrew text[8][9]of the Psalm with vowels alongside an English translation based upon theJPS 1917translation (now in thepublic domain).
Verse | Hebrew | English translation (JPS 1917) |
---|---|---|
1 | לַ֝מְנַצֵּ֗חַ לְדָוִ֥ד לְהַזְכִּֽיר׃ | For the Leader. [A Psalm] of David; to make memorial. |
2 | אֱלֹהִ֥ים לְהַצִּילֵ֑נִי יְ֝הֹוָ֗ה לְעֶזְרָ֥תִי חֽוּשָׁה׃ | O God, to deliver me, O LORD, to help me, make haste. |
3 | יֵבֹ֣שׁוּ וְיַחְפְּרוּ֮ מְבַקְשֵׁ֢י נַ֫פְשִׁ֥י יִסֹּ֣גוּ אָ֭חוֹר וְיִכָּלְמ֑וּ חֲ֝פֵצֵ֗י רָעָתִֽי׃ | Let them be ashamed and abashed That seek after my soul; Let them be turned backward and brought to confusion That delight in my hurt. |
4 | יָ֭שׁוּבוּ עַל־עֵ֣קֶב בׇּשְׁתָּ֑ם הָ֝אֹמְרִ֗ים הֶ֘אָ֥ח ׀ הֶאָֽח׃ | Let them be turned back by reason of their shame That say: 'Aha, aha.' |
5 | יָ֘שִׂ֤ישׂוּ וְיִשְׂמְח֨וּ ׀ בְּךָ֗ כׇּֽל־מְבַ֫קְשֶׁ֥יךָ וְיֹאמְר֣וּ תָ֭מִיד יִגְדַּ֣ל אֱלֹהִ֑ים אֹ֝הֲבֵ֗י יְשׁוּעָתֶֽךָ׃ | Let all those that seek Thee rejoice and be glad in Thee; And let such as love Thy salvation say continually: 'Let God be magnified.' |
6 | וַאֲנִ֤י ׀ עָנִ֣י וְאֶבְיוֹן֮ אֱלֹהִ֢ים ח֫וּשָׁה־לִּ֥י עֶזְרִ֣י וּמְפַלְטִ֣י אַ֑תָּה יְ֝הֹוָ֗ה אַל־תְּאַחַֽר׃ | But I am poor and needy; O God, make haste unto me; Thou art my help and my deliverer; O LORD, tarry not. |
King James Version
[edit]- Make haste, O God, to deliver me; make haste to help me, O LORD.
- Let them be ashamed and confounded that seek after my soul: let them be turned backward, and put to confusion, that desire my hurt.
- Let them be turned back for a reward of their shame that say, Aha, aha.
- Let all those that seek thee rejoice and be glad in thee: and let such as love thy salvation say continually, Let God be magnified.
- But I 𝘢𝘮 poor and needy: make haste unto me, O God: thou art my help and my deliverer; O LORD,make no tarrying.
Uses
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Folio_153v_-_Psalm_LXVIII.jpg/200px-Folio_153v_-_Psalm_LXVIII.jpg)
Judaism
[edit]Psalm 70 is traditionally recited in wartime.[10]
Catholic
[edit]The first verse of this psalm, "Deus in adjutorium meum intende" (O God, come to my assistance), with the response, "Domine ad adjuvandum me festina" (O Lord, make haste to help me), forms the introductory prayer to every Hour of the Roman, monastic, and AmbrosianBreviaries,except during the last three days ofHoly Week,and in theOffice of the Dead.While these words are said or sung, all present sign themselves with thesign of the cross.[11]
Book of Common Prayer
[edit]In theChurch of England'sBook of Common Prayer,this psalm is appointed to be read on the evening of the 13th day of the month.[12]
Musical settings
[edit]As the standard phrase to open liturgical Hours, the beginning of Psalm 70 was often set to music, especially as part of music forvespersservices.Claudio Monteverdiwrote a six-part setting with orchestra to begin hisVespro della Beata Vergine,published in 1610, using a revised version of the openingToccataof his operaL'Orfeo,scored for twocornettos,three trombones, strings, andcontinuo.It has been described as a "call to attention" and "a piece whose brilliance is only matched by the audacity of its conception".[13][14]
William Byrdwrote a setting for six voices early in his career, but did not publish it for public consumption; the manuscript is found in the Baldwin Partbooks, with the exception of the tenor partbook, which has been lost.
Heinrich Schützset the psalm in a metred version in German, "Eil, Herr mein Gott, zu retten mich", SWV 167, as part of theBecker Psalter,first published in 1628.
Baldassare Galuppicomposed a four-part setting of the complete psalm in Latin for choir and orchestra.[15]
In 1691,Michel-Richard de Lalandecomposed agrand motet(catalogué S.33) for chorus, soloists and treble strings.Henry Desmarestcomposed a grand motet"Deus in adjuditorium"(unknown date).
Benjamin Brittenset this psalm to music as part of the score he wrote for the playThis Way to the Tombin1945.[16]In 1951Alan Hovhanessset the first verse in his choral workMake Haste.[17]
References
[edit]- ^Mazor 2011,p. 589.
- ^"Parallel Latin/English Psalter / Psalmus 69 (70)".medievalist.net.Retrieved26 March2019.
- ^Psalm 70:A Hebrew - English Bible according to the Masoretic Text and the JPS 1917 Edition
- ^abcAbramowitz, Rabbi Jack (2019)."Remember Psalm 40?".Orthodox Union.Retrieved12 December2021.
- ^abHenry, Matthew(2019)."Psalm 70 Bible Commentary".Christianity.com.Retrieved26 March2019.
- ^"Midrash Tehillim / Psalms 70"(PDF).matsati.com. October 2012.Retrieved26 March2019.(Password:https://www.matsati.com)
- ^Notes from The Gospel Transformation Bible, Crossway 2013, p. 716
- ^"Psalms – Chapter 70".Mechon Mamre.
- ^"Psalms 70 - JPS 1917".Sefaria.org.
- ^"Protection".Daily Tehillim.Archived fromthe originalon 14 December 2018.Retrieved26 March2019.
- ^Herbermann 1913.
- ^Church of England,Book of Common Prayer: The Psalteras printed byJohn Baskervillein 1762, pp. 196ff
- ^Whenham, John (1997).Monteverdi: Vespers 1610.Cambridge, UK:Cambridge University Press.pp. 61–62.ISBN978-0-521-45377-6.
- ^Free scores by Vespro della Beata Vergine (Claudio Monteverdi)in theChoral Public Domain Library(ChoralWiki)
- ^Free scores by Domine ad adjuvandum me (Baldassare Galuppi)in theChoral Public Domain Library(ChoralWiki)
- ^"BTC974 This Way to the Tomb".Britten Thematic Catalogue.Retrieved20 September2021.
- ^"Alan Hovhaness List of Works by Opus Number".www.hovhaness.com.Retrieved30 October2022.
Cited sources
[edit]- Mazor, Lea (2011). Berlin, Adele; Grossman, Maxine (eds.).Book of Psalms.Oxford University Press.ISBN978-0-19-973004-9.
{{cite book}}
:|work=
ignored (help)
- Attribution
This article incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Deus in Adjutorium Meum Intende".Catholic Encyclopedia.New York: Robert Appleton Company.
External links
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- Pieces with text from Psalm 70:Scores at theInternational Music Score Library Project
- Psalm 70:Free scores at theChoral Public Domain Library(ChoralWiki)
- Deus in adjutorium:Free scores at theChoral Public Domain Library(ChoralWiki)
- Deus in adjutorium (introit):Free scores at theChoral Public Domain Library(ChoralWiki)
- Text of Psalm 70 according to the1928 Psalter
- Psalms Chapter 70text in Hebrew and English, mechon-mamre.org
- [1]For the leader; of David. For remembrance. / Graciously rescue me, God / Come quickly to help me, LORD! text and footnotes, usccb.org United States Conference of Catholic Bishops
- Psalm 70:1introduction and text, biblestudytools.com
- Psalm 70 – – Help Quickly, O Lordenduringword.com
- Psalm 70 / Refrain: Come to me quickly, O God.Church of England
- Psalm 70at biblegateway.com
- Hymns for Psalm 70hymnary.org