Surreal humour

The style of humour in theMighty Booshis often described as being surreal,as well as being escapist.Co-creatorJulian Barratthas commented that "We were both doing quite surreal stuff, eh...", with second co-creatorNoel Fieldingadding "It was quite weird wasn't it, alot weirder than the show [The Mighty Boosh] in a way...", with Barratt continuing "...but we sort of, when we first met we kind of liked each others comedy but we didn't know that it would work, we didn't know whether it was gonna cancel each other out...", with Fielding responding "Yeah, too weird to make sort of, straight...".One of the characters isBollo,a Gorilla, who communicates freely with all the other characters.

Surreal humour(also calledsurreal comedy,absurdist humour,orabsurdist comedy) is a form ofhumourpredicated on deliberate violations ofcausal reasoning,thus producing events and behaviors that are obviouslyillogical.Portrayals of surreal humour tend to involve bizarrejuxtapositions,incongruity,non-sequiturs,irrational or absurd situations, and expressions ofnonsense.

Surreal humour grew out ofsurrealism,a cultural movement developed in the 20th century by French and Belgian artists, who depicted unnerving and illogical scenes while developing techniques to allow theunconscious mindto express itself.The movement itself was foreshadowed by English writers in the 19th century, most notablyLewis CarrollandEdward Lear.The humour in surreal comedy arises from a subversion of audience expectations, emphasizing the ridiculousness and unlikeliness of a situation, so that amusement is founded on an unpredictability that is separate from a logical analysis of the situation.

Surreal humour is concerned with building up expectations and then knocking them down; even seemingly masterful characters with the highest standards and expectations are subverted by the unexpected, which the scene emphasizes for the viewer's amusement. Either the "goofball"or"straight"character in the scene can react with dull surprise, disdain, boredom, or detached interest, thus heightening comic tension. Characters' intentions are set up in a series of scenes significantly different from what the audience might ordinarily encounter in daily life. The unique social situations, expressed thoughts, actions, and comic lines are used to spark laughter, emotion, or surprise as to how the events occurred or unfolded, in ways sometimes favorable to other unexpectedly introduced characters.

Surreal humour in theater is usually about the insensitivity, paradox, absurdity, and cruelty of the modern world.Absurd andsurrealist cinemaoften deals with elements ofdark humour:disturbing or sinister subjects like death, disease, or warfare are treated with amusement and bitterness, creating the appearance of an intention to shock and offend.

Literary precursors

Edward Lear's 1885 lithographEdward Lear, Aged 73 and a Half, and His Cat Foss, Aged 16

Surreal humour is the effect of theillogicalandabsurdbeing used for humorous effect. Under such premises, people can identify precursors and early examples of surreal humour at least since the 19th century, such as inLewis Carroll'sAlice's Adventures in WonderlandandThrough the Looking-Glass,both of which use the illogical and absurd (hookah-smokingcaterpillars,croquetmatches using liveflamingosas mallets, etc.) for humorous effect. Many ofEdward Lear's children's stories and poems containnonsenseand are basically surreal in approach. For example,The Story of the Four Little Children Who Went Round the World(1871) is filled with contradictory statements and odd images intended to provoke amusement, such as the following:

After a time they saw some land at a distance; and when they came to it, they found it was an island made of water quite surrounded by earth. Besides that, it was bordered by evanescent isthmuses with a great Gulf-stream running about all over it, so that it was perfectly beautiful, and contained only a single tree, 503 feet high.

Relationship with dadaism and futurism

Marcel Duchamp'sFountain(1917), an inverted urinal signed "R. Mutt".

In the early 20th century, severalavant-gardemovements, including thedadaists,surrealists,andfuturistsbegan to argue for an art that was random, jarring and illogical.The goals of these movements were in some sense serious, and they were committed to undermining the solemnity and self-satisfaction of the contemporary artisticestablishment.As a result, much of their art was intentionally amusing.

One example isMarcel Duchamp'sFountain(1917), an inverted urinal signed "R. Mutt". This became one of the most famous and influential pieces of art in history, and one of the earliest examples of thefound objectmovement. It is also a joke, relying on the inversion of the item's function as expressed by its title as well as its incongruous presence in an art exhibition.

Etymology and development

The wordsurrealfirst began to be used to describe a type of aesthetic of the early 1920s.

Surreal humour is also found frequently in avant-garde theatre such asWaiting for GodotandRosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead.In the United States,S. J. Perelman(1904–1979) has been identified as the first surrealist humour writer.

Surrealist humour appeared on British radio from 1951 to 1960 by the cast ofThe Goon Show:Spike Milligan,Peter Sellers,andHarry Secombe.The Goons' work influenced the American radiocomedy troupethe Firesign Theatre(1966–2012).The Firesigns wrote sophisticated comic radio plays, many of which were recorded onalbums.

Surrealist humour is predominantly approached in cinema where thesuspension of disbeliefcan be stretched to absurd lengths by logically following the consequences of unlikely, reversed or exaggerated premises.Luis Buñuelis a principal exponent of this, especially inThe Exterminating Angel.It is a prominent feature in the television and cinematic work of the British comedy troupeMonty Python(1969–2015). Other examples includeThe FallsbyPeter GreenawayandBrazilbyTerry Gilliam.

Surrealist humor has become increasingly popular in both children- and adult-oriented western animation, most notably in shows such asRegular Show,South Park,SpongeBob SquarePants,Aqua Teen Hunger Force,and more recently,Smiling Friends.

ContemporaryInternet memeculture, such asWeird TwitterandYouTube poop,is also influenced by surreal humour.

Analysis

Mary K. Rodgers and Diana Pien analysed the subject in an essay titled "Elephants and Marshmallows" (subtitled "A Theoretical Synthesis of Incongruity-Resolution and Arousal Theories of humour" ), and wrote that "jokes are nonsensical when they fail to completely resolve incongruities," and cited one of the many permutations of theelephant joke:"Why did the elephant sit on the marshmallow?" "Because he didn't want to fall into the cup of hot chocolate."

"The joke is incompletely resolved in their opinion," notedElliott Oring,"because the situation is incompatible with the world as we know it. Certainly, elephantsdo notsit in cups of hot chocolate. "Oring defined humour as not the resolution of incongruity, but "the perception of appropriate incongruity,"that all jokes contain a certain amount of incongruity, and that absurd jokes require the additional component of an "absurd image," with an incongruity of the mental image.

See also

• Non sequitur
• Theatre of the Absurd

References

Cited works

• Oring, Elliott (2003).Engaging Humor.Urbana, Ill.: University of Illinois Press.ISBN9780252027864.OCLC49383970.