Template:Cite press release
This template is used onapproximately 72,000 pagesand changes may be widely noticed. Test changes in the template's/sandboxor/testcasessubpages, or in your ownuser subpage.Consider discussing changes on thetalk pagebefore implementing them. |
This template usesLua: |
{{Cite arXiv}} | arXivpreprints |
---|---|
{{Cite AV media}} | audio and visual media |
{{Cite AV media notes}} | AV media liner notes |
{{Cite bioRxiv}} | bioRxivpreprints |
{{Cite book}} | books and chapters |
{{Cite CiteSeerX}} | CiteSeerXpapers |
{{Cite conference}} | conference papers |
{{cite document}} | short, stand-alone, offline documents |
{{Cite encyclopedia}} | edited collections |
{{Cite episode}} | radio or TV episodes |
{{Cite interview}} | interviews |
{{Cite journal}} | academic journals |
{{Cite magazine}} | magazines, periodicals |
{{Cite mailing list}} | public mailing lists |
{{Cite map}} | maps |
{{Cite medRxiv}} | medRxivpreprints |
{{Cite news}} | news articles |
{{Cite newsgroup}} | online newsgroups |
{{Cite podcast}} | podcasts |
{{Cite press release}} | press releases |
{{Cite report}} | reports |
{{Cite serial}} | audio or video serials |
{{Cite sign}} | signs, plaques |
{{Cite speech}} | speeches |
{{Cite SSRN}} | SSRNpapers |
{{Cite tech report}} | technical reports |
{{Cite thesis}} | theses |
{{Cite web}} | web sources not covered by the above |
See also | Specific-source templates Citation Style 1 wrapper templates |
ThisCitation Style 1template is used to createcitationsforpress releases.
Usage
Copy a blank version to use. Almost all parameter names are supported only in lower case (some initialisms, such as|isbn=
have upper-case aliases like|ISBN=
,which are acceptable for use). Use the "|" (pipe) character between each parameter. Unused parameters may be deleted to avoid clutter in the edit window. Some samples on this documentation page may include the current date. If the date is not current, then the page.
|
|
{{cite press release | last = | first = | date = | title = | url = | location = | publisher = | agency = | access-date = }}
{{cite press release | author = <!--Not stated--> | title = | url = | format = | location = | publisher = | agency = | date = | access-date = }}
{{cite press release | last = | first = | title = | url = | url-status = | location = | publisher = | agency = | date = | archive-url = | archive-date = | access-date = }}
{{cite press release | last = | first = | date = | title = | trans-title = | url = | language = | location = | agency = | publisher = | access-date = }}
{{cite press release | last1 = | first1 = | last2 = | first2 = | date = | title = | trans-title = | url = | url-status = | format = | language = | location = | publisher = | agency = | archive-url = | archive-date = | access-date = | via = | quote = }} |
Vertical list | Prerequisites | Brief instructions / notes |
---|---|---|
{{cite press release | last1 = | first1 = | author-link1 = | last2 = | first2 = | author-link2 = | last3 = | first3 = | author-link3 = | last4 = | first4 = | author-link4 = | last5 = | first5 = | author-link5 = | display-authors = | author-mask = | name-list-style = | date = | year = | editor1-last = | editor1-first = | editor1-link = | editor2-last = | editor2-first = | editor2-link = | editor3-last = | editor3-first = | editor3-link = | editor4-last = | editor4-first = | editor4-link = | editor5-last = | editor5-first = | editor5-link = | display-editors = | title = | trans-title = | url = | url-status = | format = | type = | language = | others = | location = | publisher = | agency = | page = | pages = | at = | id = | archive-url = | archive-date = | access-date = | via = | quote = | postscript = | ref = }} |
last1 last1 last2 last2 last3 last3 last4 last4 last5 editor1-last editor2-last editor2-last editor3-last editor3-last editor4-last editor4-last editor5-last title archive-url url archive-date archive-url url |
or use |last= or use |first= or use |author-link= or use |editor-last= or use |editor-first= or use |editor-link= |url-status=live if pre-archiving a url; |url-status=dead if url is dead For non-HTML formats e.g. PDF, XLS, DOC, PPT etc. Omit this parameter - "Press release" displays automatically Spanish, Chinese, Russian, Portuguese, etc. Illustrator or other contributor type and name Location named at the beginning of a press release e.g. Omaha, Nebraska The organization that published the press release Page number of relevant information; if populated can not use |pages or |at Pages of relevant information; if populated can not use |page or |at Placement of relevant information; if populated can not use |page or |pages Date the main url was archived Used in HARV and SFN referencing styles |
- If a field name is listed in thePrerequisitescolumn, it is a prerequisite for the field to the left.
Examples
A press release with a credited author
A press release with no credited author
A press release that has been archived
A press release written in a foreign language
A two author press release that you quote and archive, is written in a foreign language and has been re-published as a PDF on an information aggregation service requiring a subscription
|
Parameters
Syntax
Nested parameters rely on their parent parameters:
- parent
- OR:parent2—may be used instead ofparent
- child—may be used withparent(and is ignored ifparentis not used)
- OR:child2—may be used instead ofchild(and is ignored ifparent2is not used)
- Where aliases are listed, only one of the parameters may be defined; if multiple aliased parameters are defined, then only one will show.
By default, sets of fields are terminated with a period (.).
COinS
This template embedsCOinSmetadata in the HTML output, allowingreference management softwareto retrieve bibliographic metadata. As a general rule, only one data item per parameter. Do not include explanatory or alternate text:
- use
|date=27 September 2007
not|date=27 September 2007 (print version 25 September)
Use of templates within the citation template is discouraged because many of these templates will add extraneous HTML or CSS that will be included raw in the metadata. Also, HTML entities, for example
,–
,or 
,should not be used in parameters that contribute to the metadata.
COinS metadata is created for these parameters
Note: This table of metadata is displayed in the documentation of all Citation Style 1 templates. Not all of these parameters are supported by every CS1 template. Some of these parameters are mutually exclusive, some are aliases of another parameter, and some require other parameters to be present. A full list of this template's supported parameters, their aliases, and their dependencies is shown in theUsagesection near the top of this documentation page.
|periodical=
,|journal=
,|newspaper=
,|magazine=
,|work=
,|website=
,|encyclopedia=
,|encyclopaedia=
,|dictionary=
|chapter=
,|script-chapter=
,|contribution=
,|script-contribution=
,|entry=
,|script-entry=
,|article=
,|script-article=
,|section=
,|script-section=
|title=
,|script-title=
,|book-title=
|publication-place=
,|place=
,|location=
|date=
,|year=
,|publication-date=
|series=
,|version=
|volume=
,|issue=
,|number=
|page=
,|pages=
,|at=
,|quote-page=
,|quote-pages=
|edition=
|publisher=
,|institution=
|url=
,|chapter-url=
,|contribution-url=
,|section-url=
|author-last=
,|author-last#=
,|author#-last=
,|author-surname=
,|author-surname#=
,|author#-surname=
,|last=
,|last#=
,|surname=
,|surname#=
,|author=
,|author#=
,|subject=
,|subject#=
,|host=
,|host#=
|author-first=
,|author-first#=
,|author#-first=
,|author-given=
,|author-given#=
,|author#-given=
,|first=
,|first#=
,|given=
,|given#=
|degree=
|arxiv=
,|bibcode=
,|biorxiv=
,|citeseerx=
,|doi=
,|eissn=
,|eprint=
,|hdl=
,|isbn=
,|issn=
,|jfm=
,|jstor=
,|lccn=
,|message-id=
,|mr=
,|oclc=
,|osti=
,|pmc=
,|pmid=
,|rfc=
,|ssrn=
,|s2cid=
,|zbl=
Deprecated
Deprecated parameter | Replace with | Date |
---|---|---|
|authors= |
|lastn= /|firstn= ,|authorn= ,|vauthors= |
November 2023 |
Removed parameter | Replace with | Date | Note |
---|---|---|---|
|lay-date=
|
(delete) | August 2023 | |
|lay-source=
|
(delete) | ||
|lay-url=
|
(delete) | ||
|transcripturl=
|
|transcript-url=
|
August 2023 |
Description
Authors
- last:Surname of a single author. Do not wikilink—useauthor-linkinstead. For corporate authors or authors for whom only one name is listed by the source, uselastor one of its aliases (e.g.
|author=Bono
). Aliases:surname,author,last1,surname1,author1.- author:this parameter is used to hold the name of an organizational author (e.g. a committee) or the complete name (first and last) of a single person; for the latter, prefer the use of
|first=
and|last=
.This parameter should never hold the names of more than one author. Supportsaccept-this-as-written markup.Do not use italics in this field, as doing so produces corrupt metadata. - first:Given or first names of author; for example:Firstname MiddlenameorFirstname M.orFirstname M. Sr.Do not wikilink—useauthor-linkinstead. Aliases:given,first1,given1.Requireslast;first name will not display iflastis empty. Use generational and regnal suffixes only in accordance withMOS:JRSRand use honorifics only in accordance withMOS:HON.
- OR: for multiple authors, uselast1,first1throughlastn,firstn,wherenis any consecutive number for an unlimited number of authors (eachfirstnrequires a correspondinglastn,but not the other way around).
|first1=...
|last1=...
|author2=...
.
Aliases:surname1,given1throughsurnamen,givenn,orauthor1throughauthorn.For an individual author plus an institutional author, you can use - author-link:Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author—not the author's website; do not wikilink. Aliases:author-link1,author1-link,authorlink.
- OR: for multiple authors, useauthor-link1throughauthor-linkn.Aliases:author1-linkthroughauthorn-link.
- name-list-style:accepts a limited list of keywords as value; when set to
amp
,ampersand
,or&
,inserts an ampersand between the last two names in a name list; when set toand
,inserts the conjunction 'and' between the last two names of a name list; when set tovanc
displays name lists inVancouver stylewhen the lists use thelast
/first
forms of name parameters.
- author:this parameter is used to hold the name of an organizational author (e.g. a committee) or the complete name (first and last) of a single person; for the latter, prefer the use of
- vauthors:comma-separated list of author names inVancouver style;enclose corporate or institutional author names indoubled parentheses.End with etal if appropriate:
|vauthors=Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corp.)), etal
- author-linkandauthor-maskmay be used for the individual names in
|vauthors=
as described above
- authors:deprecated
Free-form list of author names; use of this parameter is discouraged because it does not contribute to a citation's metadata; not an alias oflast. - translator-last:Surname of translator. Do not wikilink—usetranslator-linkinstead. Aliases:translator-surname,translator1,translator1-last,translator-last1.Supportsaccept-this-as-written markup.
- translator-first:Given or first names of translator. Do not wikilink—usetranslator-linkinstead. Aliases:translator-given,translator1-first,translator-first1.
- OR: for multiple translators, usetranslator-last1,translator-first1throughtranslator-lastn,translator-firstn,wherenis any consecutive number for an unlimited number of translators (eachtranslator-firstnrequires a correspondingtranslator-lastn,but not the other way around). Aliases:translator1-last,translator1-firstthroughtranslatorn-last,translatorn-first,ortranslator1throughtranslatorn.
- translator-link:Title of existing Wikipedia article about the translator—not the translator's website; do not wikilink. Aliases:translator-link1,translator1-link.
- OR: for multiple translators, usetranslator-link1throughtranslator-linkn.Aliases:translator1-linkthroughtranslatorn-link.
- collaboration:Name of a group of authors or collaborators; requiresauthor,last,orvauthorslisting one or more primary authors; follows author name-list; appends "et al." to author name-list.
- others:To record other contributors to the work, including illustrators. For the parameter value, writeIllustrated by John Smith.
- Note: When usingshortened footnotesorparenthetical referencingstyles with templates, do not use multiple names in one field, or else the anchor will not match the inline link.
Title
- title:Title of source. Can be wikilinked to an existing Wikipedia article orurlmay be used to add an external link, but not both. Displays in quotation marks. For titles containing quotation marks, convert regular quotation marks (") to single quotation marks ('). SeeMOS:QINQfor guidance in more complex situations. Ifscript-titleis defined, usetitleto hold aRomanization(if available) of the title inscript-title.
- script-title:Original title for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.); not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined intitle(if present). Must be prefixed with one of thesupported language codesto help browsers properly display the script:
... |title=Tōkyō tawā |script-title=ja: Đông kinh タワー |trans-title=Tokyo Tower...
- trans-title:English translation of the title if the source cited is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets aftertitle.Use of thelanguageparameter is recommended.
- script-title:Original title for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.); not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined intitle(if present). Must be prefixed with one of thesupported language codesto help browsers properly display the script:
- Titles containing certain characters will not display and link correctly unless those characters are encoded.
newline | [ | ] | | |
---|---|---|---|
space | [ | ] | {{!}} (preferred)
|
{{bracket|text}} | | or{{pipe}}– |
- title-link:Title of existing Wikipedia article about the source named intitle– do not use a web address; do not wikilink.
- type:Provides additional information about the media type of the source. May alternatively be used to identify the type of manuscript linked to in the title, if this is not the final version of a manuscript (e.g. if a preprint of a manuscript is freely available, but the version of record is behind a paywall). Format in sentence case. Displays in parentheses following the title. The reserved keyword
none
can be used to disable the display of a type. Defaults to Press release. Alias:medium.
- language:The language (or a comma-separated list of the languages) in which the source is written, as either theISO 639language code (preferred) or the full language name. Examples:
|language=ru
;|lang=fr, pt-br
;|lang=Russian
;|language=French, Portuguese
.See the list of supported codes and names.Do not use templates or wikilinks. Displays in parentheses with "in" before the language name or names. When the only source language is English, no language is displayed in the citation. The use of languages recognized by the citation module adds the page to the appropriate subcategory ofCategory:CS1 foreign language sources.Because cs1|2 templates are often copied from en.wiki to other wikis, the use of language codes is preferred so that language names render in the correct language and form: espagnol at a French-language wiki instead of the English word "Spanish". Aliases:lang
Date
- date:Date of referenced source. Can be full date (day, month, and year) or partial date (month and year, season and year, or year). Use same format as other publication dates in the citations.[date 1]Do not wikilink. Displays after the authors and is enclosed in parentheses. If there is no author, then displays after the website and publisher.
- Shortened footnotestarget full citations using the year specified in this parameter. A lowercase letter may be suffixed to the year to disambiguate
{{sfn}}
links to multiple works by the same author in the same year,[more]unless the date is formatted as YYYY-MM-DD. In the latter case,yearorrefis required to disambiguate the link targets. - For approximate year, precede with "
c.
",like this:|date=c. 1900
.
- For no date, or "undated", use
|date=n.d.
- The date of a Web page, PDF, etc. with no visible date can sometimes be established by searching the page source or document code for a
created
orupdated
date; a comment for editors such asdate=2021-12-25<!--date from page source-->|orig-date=Original date 2011-01-01
can be added.
- Automatic date formatting:Citation Style 1and2templates, including this template, automatically render dates in all date parameters (such as
|date=
,|publication-date=
,|access-date=
,|archive-date=
,etc.) except for|orig-date=
in the style specified by the article's{{use dmy dates}}
or{{use mdy dates}}
template. See those templates' documentation for details.
- year:Year of publication. The more flexible
|date=
parameter also handles a year by itself. Do not use in combination with the|date=
parameter, unlessbothof the following conditions are met:- Shortened footnotestarget multiple citations with same last name and year of publication. (This situation necessitates a
CITEREF
disambiguator,usually a lowercase letter suffixed to the year.) - The
|date=
format is YYYY-MM-DD. (This format prevents the addition of a disambiguating letter to the year.)
- Shortened footnotestarget multiple citations with same last name and year of publication. (This situation necessitates a
- orig-date:Original publication date or year; displays in square brackets after thedate(oryear). For clarity, please supply specifics. For example:
|orig-date=First published 1859
or|orig-date=Composed 1904
.As|orig-date=
does not support automatic date formatting, use the same date format as defined by|df=
(or, if it exists in the article, by|cs1-dates=
of a{{use dmy dates}}
or{{use mdy dates}}
template), or as used in the|date=
parameter. Alias:orig-year - df:date format; sets rendered dates to the specified format; does not support date ranges or seasonal dates; overrides the automatic date formatting described above. Accepts one value which may be one of these:
dmy
– set publication dates to day month year format; access- and archive-dates are not modified;mdy
– as above for month day, year formatymd
– as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DDdmy-all
– set publication, access-, and archive-dates to day month year format;mdy-all
– as above for month day, year formatymd-all
– as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD
- ^Publication dates in references within an article should all have the same format. This may be a different format from that used for archive and access dates.
Publisher
- publisher:Name of publisher; may be wikilinked if relevant. Thepublisheris thecompany,organizationor other legal entity that publishes the work being cited. Donotuse thepublisherparameter for the name of awork(e.g. a website, book, encyclopedia, newspaper, magazine, journal, etc.). If the name of the publisher changed over time, use the name as stated in the publication or used at the time of the source's publication. Corporate designations such as "Ltd", "Inc.", or "GmbH" are not usually included. Not normally used for periodicals. Omit where the publisher's name is substantially the same as the name of the work (for example, The New York Times Co. publishesThe New York Timesnewspaper, so there is no reason to name the publisher). Displays aftertitle.
- place:For news stories with adateline,the location where the story was written. If the name of the location changed over time, use the name as stated in the publication or used at the time of the source's publication. In earlier versions of the template this was the publication place, and for compatibility, will be treated as the publication place if the publication-place parameter is absent; see that parameter for further information. Alias:location
- publication-place:Geographical place of publication; generally not wikilinked; omit when the name of the work includes the publication place, for example,The Boston Globe,The Times of India.Displays after the title. If the name of the publication place changed over time, use the name as stated in the publication or used at the time of the source's publication. If only one ofpublication-place,place,orlocationis defined, it will be treated as the publication place and will show after the title; ifpublication-placeandplaceorlocationare defined, thenplaceorlocationis shown before the title prefixed with "written at" andpublication-placeis shown after the title.
- publication-date:Date of publication when different from the date the work was written. Ifdate(oryear) is also defined and is different, thenpublication-datedisplays preceded by "published" and enclosed in parentheses, followingpublisher.Ifdate(oryear) is not defined,publication-dateis displayed asdate.Use the same format as other dates in the article; do not wikilink.
- via:Name of the content deliverer (ifdifferentfrompublisher).viais not a replacement forpublisher,but provides additional detail. It may be used when the content deliverer (e.g.NewsBank) presents the source in a format different from the original, when the URL provided does not make clear the identity of the deliverer, where no URL or DOI is available (EBSCO), or if the deliverer requests attribution.
- agency:Thenews agency(wire service) that provided the content; examples:Associated Press,Reuters,Agence France-Presse.Do not use for sources published on the agency's own website; e.g. apnews.com or reuters.com; instead, useworkorpublisher.May be wikilinked if relevant.
Edition, series, volume
- edition:When the publication has more than one edition; for example: "2nd", "Revised", and so forth. Appends the string "ed." after the field, so
|edition=2nd
produces "2nd ed." Does not display if a periodical field is defined.
- seriesorversion:When the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal, where the issue numbering has restarted.
- volume:For one publication published in several volumes. Displays after thetitleandseriesfields; volume numbers should be entered just as a numeral (e.g. 37). Volume values that are wholly digits, wholly uppercase Roman numerals, or fewer than five characters will appear in bold. Any alphanumeric value of five or more characters will not appear in bold. In rare cases, publications carry both an ongoing volume and a year-related value; if so, provide them both, for example |volume=IV / #10.
In-source locations
- page:The number of a single page in the source that supports the content. Use either
|page=
or|pages=
,but not both. Displays preceded byp.
unless|no-pp=yes
.If hyphenated, use{{hyphen}}to indicate this is intentional (e.g.|page=3{{hyphen}}12
), otherwise several editors and semi-automated tools will assume this was a misuse of the parameter to indicate a page range and will convert|page=3-12
to|pages=3{{ndash}}12
.Alias:p. - OR:pages:A range of pages in the source that supports the content. Use either
|page=
or|pages=
,but not both. Separate using an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,); do not use to indicate the total number of pages in the source. Displays preceded bypp.
unless|no-pp=yes
.
Hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes; if hyphens are appropriate because individual page numbers contain hyphens, for example: pp. 3-1–3-15, usedouble parenthesesto tell the template to display the value of|pages=
without processing it, and use{{hyphen}}to indicate to editors that a hyphen is really intended:|pages=((3{{hyphen}}1{{ndash}}3{{hyphen}}15))
.Alternatively, use|at=
,like this:|at=pp. 3-1–3-15
.Alias:pp.- no-pp:Set toyes,y,ortrueto suppress the
p.
orpp.
notations where this is inappropriate; for example, where|page=Front cover
or|pages=passim
.
- no-pp:Set toyes,y,ortrueto suppress the
- OR:at:For sources where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient. Overridden by
|page=
or|pages=
.Use only one of|page=
,|pages=
,or|at=
.
Examples: page (p.) or pages (pp.); section (sec.), column (col.), paragraph (para.); track; hours, minutes and seconds; act, scene, canto, book, part, folio, stanza, back cover, liner notes, indicia, colophon, dust jacket, verse. - For
|quote-page=
and|quote-pages=
used in conjunction with|quote=
,seehere.
URL
- url:URL of an online location where the text of the publication named bytitlecan be found. Cannot be used iftitleis wikilinked. If applicable, the link may point to the specific page(s) referenced. Remove tracking parameters from URLs, e.g.
#ixzz2rBr3aO94
or?utm_source=google&utm_medium=...&utm_term=...&utm_campaign=...
. Do not link to any commercial booksellers, such asAmazon;use|isbn=
or|oclc=
to provide neutral search links for books. Invalid URLs, including those containing spaces, will result in an error message.- access-date:Full date when the content pointed to byurlwas last verified to support the text in the article; do not wikilink; requiresurl;use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations.[date 1]Not required for linked documents that do not change.For example,access-dateis required for online sources, such as personal websites, that do not have a publication date; seeWP:CITEWEB.Access dates are not required for links to published research papers or published books. Note thataccess-dateis the date that the URL was found to be working and to support the text being cited. See"Automatic date formatting"above for details about interaction with
{{use dmy dates}}
and{{use mdy dates}}
.Can behidden or styledby registered editors. Alias:accessdate. - archive-url:The URL of anarchivedsnapshot of a web page. Typically used to refer to services such asInternet Archive andarchive.today ;requiresarchive-dateandurl.By default (overridden by
|url-status=live
) the archived link is displayed first, with the original link at the end. Alias:archiveurl.- archive-date:Archive-service snapshot-date; preceded in display by default text "archived from the original on". Use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations. This does not necessarily have to be the same format that was used for citing publication dates.[date 1]Do not wikilink; templated dates are discouraged. See"Automatic date formatting"above for details about interaction with
{{use dmy dates}}
and{{use mdy dates}}
.Alias:archivedate. - url-status:A control parameter to select one of
|url=
or|archive-url=
to link|title=
;requiresurlandarchive-url.Use{{dead link}}
to mark dead|url=
when there is no|archive-url=
.- Accepts multiple keywords:
dead
– (default condition when|url-status=
omitted or empty) selects|archive-url=
live
– selects|url=
;used when|url=
is preemptively archived with|archive-url=
deviated
– selects|archive-url=
;used when|url=
is still 'live' but no-longer supports the text in a Wikipedia articleunfit
– selects|archive-url=
;used when|url=
links to vice (gambling, pornography), advertising, or other unsuitablepage;links to|url=
are suppressed in the rendering. If an entire domain is unsuitable, consider insteadusurpationorblacklist.Bot help is available atWP:URLREQusurped
– selects|archive-url=
;used when thedomainin|url=
no longer serves its original intent, particularly when the domain has been (mis)appropriated by other entities, such as vice, reseller and advertising sites; links to|url=
are suppressed in the rendering. Bot help is available atWP:URLREQbot: unknown
– Editors may encounter this value which is left behind by a bot that has visited the reference and wasn't able to determine the status of the url. The page will be automatically placed inCategory:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknownwhen this value is present, and per the instructions in that category, editors manually evaluate the state of the URL and change the parameter value appropriately.
- Accepts multiple keywords:
- archive-format:File format of the work referred to byarchive-url;for example: DOC or XLS; displayed in parentheses after the archive link. HTML is implied and should not be specified. PDF is auto-detected and should not be specified. Does not change theexternal link icon(except for PDF). Note: External link icons do not includealt text;thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired. (This is not a concern with PDF, because the auto-detection will add "(PDF)" as descriptive text.)
- archive-date:Archive-service snapshot-date; preceded in display by default text "archived from the original on". Use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations. This does not necessarily have to be the same format that was used for citing publication dates.[date 1]Do not wikilink; templated dates are discouraged. See"Automatic date formatting"above for details about interaction with
- url-access:
- access-date:Full date when the content pointed to byurlwas last verified to support the text in the article; do not wikilink; requiresurl;use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations.[date 1]Not required for linked documents that do not change.For example,access-dateis required for online sources, such as personal websites, that do not have a publication date; seeWP:CITEWEB.Access dates are not required for links to published research papers or published books. Note thataccess-dateis the date that the URL was found to be working and to support the text being cited. See"Automatic date formatting"above for details about interaction with
- format:File format of the work referred to byurl;for example: DOC or XLS; displayed in parentheses aftertitle.(For media format, usetype.) HTML is implied and should not be specified. PDF is auto-detected and should not be specified. Does not change theexternal link icon(except for PDF). Note: External link icons do not includealt text;thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired. (This is not a concern with PDF, because the auto-detection will add "(PDF)" as descriptive text.)
URLs must begin with a supportedURI scheme.http://
andhttps://
will be supported by all browsers; however,ftp://
,gopher://
,irc://
,ircs://
,mailto:
andnews:
may require a plug-in or an external application and should normally be avoided.IPv6host-names are currently not supported.
If URLs incitation template parameterscontain certain characters, then they will not display and link correctly. Those characters need to bepercent-encoded.For example, a space must be replaced by%20
.To encode the URL, replace the following characters with:
Character | space | " | ' | < | > | [ | ] | { | | | } |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Encoding | %20 | %22 | %27 | %3C | %3E | %5B | %5D | %7B | %7C | %7D |
Single apostrophes do not need to be encoded; however, unencoded multiples will be parsed as italic or bold markup. Single curly closing braces also do not need to be encoded; however, an unencoded pair will be parsed as the double closing braces for the template transclusion.
Anchor
- ref:the citation's HTML anchor identifier, when different from its default. When set,
|ref=ID
generates an anchor with the givenID
(theid=
attribute in the citation's<cite id= "ID">
HTML tag). Setting|ref=ID
identifies the template as a target and allowswikilinking to full references,especially useful with short-form citations likeshortened notesandparenthetical referencing.The default anchor ID is suitable for use with{{sfn}}and{{harv}}templates. Since April 2020, the parameter / keyword pair|ref=harv
has no special meaning; this deprecated setting shouldnotbe used and may be removed from existing cs1|2 templates. To inhibit anchor ID creation, set|ref=none
.Aliases: none.
Identifiers
- id:Aunique identifier,used where none of the specialized identifiers are applicable; wikilink or use anexternal link templateas applicable. For example,
|id=NCJ 122967
will append "NCJ 122967" at the end of the citation. You can use templates such as|id={{NCJ|122967}}
to appendNCJ122967instead.
The following identifiers create links and are designed to accept a single value. Using multiple values or other text will break the link and/or invalidate the identifier. In general, the parameters should include only the variable part of the identifier, e.g.|rfc=822
or|pmc=345678
.
- arxiv:arXividentifier;for example:
|arxiv=hep-th/9205027
(before April 2007) or|arxiv=0706.0001
(April 2007 – December 2014) or|arxiv=1501.00001
(since January 2015). Do not include extraneous file extensions like ".pdf" or ".html". Aliases:eprint. - asin:Amazon Standard Identification Number;if first character ofasinvalue is a digit, useisbn.Because this link favours one specific distributor, include it only if standard identifiers are not available. Example
|asin=B00005N5PF
.Aliases:ASIN.- asin-tld:ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US; valid values:
ae
,au
,br
,ca
,cn
,de
,es
,fr
,in
,it
,jp
,mx
,nl
,pl
,sa
,se
,sg
,tr
,uk
.Aliases: none.
- asin-tld:ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US; valid values:
- bibcode:bibcode;used by a number of astronomical data systems; for example:
1974AJ.....79..819H
.Aliases: none. - biorxiv:bioRxivid, as in the entire DOI (e.g.
10.1101/078733
forhttp://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/10/01/078733orhttps://doi.org/10.1101/078733;10.1101/2020.07.24.220400
forhttps://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.24.220400). Aliases: none. - citeseerx:CiteSeerXid, a string of digits and dots found in a CiteSeerX URL (e.g.
10.1.1.176.341
forhttps://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.176.341). Aliases: none. - doi:Digital object identifier;for example:
10.1038/news070508-7
.It is checked to ensure it begins with (10.
). Aliases:DOI.- Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicatevalidDOIs using a non-standard format, seebelow.
- doi-broken-date:Date a valid DOI was found to be non-working/inactive athttps://doi.org.Use the same format as other dates in the article. Aliases: none.
- eissn:International Standard Serial Numberfor the electronic media of a serial publication; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using ahyphen,but not anen dashor a space; example
|eissn=1557-2986
.Aliases:EISSN.- Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicatevalideISSNs using a non-standard format, seebelow.
- hdl:Handle Systemidentifier for digital objects and other resources on the Internet; example
|hdl=20.1000/100
.Aliases:HDL. - isbn:International Standard Book Number;for example:
978-0-8126-9593-9
. Hyphens in the ISBN are optional, but preferred. Use the ISBN actually printed on or in the book. Use the 13-digit ISBN – beginning with 978 or 979 – when it is available. If only a 10-digit ISBN is printed on or in the book, use it. ISBNs can be found on the page with the publisher's information – usually the back of the title page – or beneath the barcode as a number beginning with 978 or 979 (barcodes beginning with any other numbers are not ISBNs). For sources with the older 9-digit SBN system, usesbn.Do not convert a 10-digit ISBN to 13-digit by just adding the 978 prefix; the last digit is a calculated check digit and just making changes to the numbers will make the ISBN invalid. This parameter should hold only the ISBN withoutanyadditional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens, with "X" permitted as the last character in a 10-digit ISBN – and the proper check digit. Aliases:ISBN.- Use the{{Format ISBN}}template within the parameter – in the form
|isbn={{Format ISBN|9780812695939}}
– if you are unsure of how any particular ISBN should be hyphenated, as the pattern varies by country and publisher. - Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicatevalidISBNs using a non-standard format, seebelow.
- Use the{{Format ISBN}}template within the parameter – in the form
- ismn:International Standard Music Number;for example:
979-0-9016791-7-7
.Hyphensor spaces in the ISMN are optional. Use the ISMN actually printed on or in the work. This parameter should hold only the ISMN withoutanyadditional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens – and the proper check digit. Aliases:ISMN. - issn:International Standard Serial Number;eight characters may be split into two groups of four using ahyphen,but not anen dashor a space; example
|issn=2049-3630
.Aliases:ISSN.- Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicatevalidISSNs using a non-standard format, seebelow.
- jfm:Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik;do not include "JFM" in the value; example
|jfm=53.0144.01
.Aliases:JFM. - jstor:JSTORreference number; for example:
|jstor=3793107
.Aliases:JSTOR. - lccn:Library of Congress Control Number.When present, alphabetic prefix characters are to be lower case and without a space; example
|lccn=79-57364
or|lccn=2004042477
or|lccn=e09001178
.Aliases:LCCN. - mr:Mathematical Reviews;example
|mr=630583
.Aliases:MR. - oclc:OCLC Numberfor looking up publications in theWorldCatunion catalog;example
|oclc=9355469
.Aliases:OCLC. - ol:Open Libraryidentifier; do not include "OL" in the value; example
|ol=7030731M
.Aliases:OL. - osti:Office of Scientific and Technical Information;example
|osti=4367507
.Aliases:OSTI. - pmc:PubMed Central;use article number foropen repositoryfull-text of a journal article, e.g.
|pmc=345678
.Do not include "PMC" in the value. .Aliases:PMC.- pmc-embargo-date:Date thatpmcgoes live; if this date is in the future, thenpmcis not linked until that date. Aliases: none.
- pmid:PubMed;use unique identifier; example
|pmid=17322060
Aliases:PMID. - rfc:Request for Comments;example
|rfc=3143
.Aliases:RFC. - sbn:Standard Book Number;example
|sbn=356-02201-3
.Aliases:SBN.- Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicatevalidSBNs using a non-standard format, seebelow.
- ssrn:Social Science Research Network;example
|ssrn=1900856
.Aliases:SSRN. - s2cid:Semantic Scholarcorpus ID; example
|s2cid=37220927
.Aliases:S2CID. - zbl:Zentralblatt MATH;example
|zbl=0472.53010
For zbMATH search results likeJFM 35.0387.02
use|jfm=35.0387.02
.Aliases:ZBL.
In very rare cases, identifiers are published which do not follow their defined standard format or use non-conforming checksums. These would typically cause an error message to be shown. Do not alter them to match a different checksum. In order to suppress the error message, some identifiers (|doi=
,|eissn=
,|isbn=
,|issn=
,and|sbn=
) support a specialaccept-this-as-written markupwhich can be applied to disable the error-checking (as|<param>=((<value>))
). If the problem is down to a mere typographical error in a third-party source, correct the identifier value instead of overriding the error message.
For some identifiers, it is possible to specify theaccess statususing the corresponding|<param>-access=
parameter.
For{{cite journal}},some identifiers (specifying free resources) will automatically be linked to the title when|url=
and|title-link=
are not used to specify a different link target. This behaviour can be overridden by one out of a number of special keywords for|title-link=
to manually select a specific source (|title-link=pmc
or|title-link=doi
) for auto-linking or to disable the feature (|title-link=none
).
It is not necessary to specify a URL to a linkidenticalto a link also produced by an identifier. The|url=
parameter (or|title-link=
) can then be used for providing a direct deep link to the corresponding document or aconvenience linkto a resource that would not otherwise be obviously accessible.
Quote
- quote:Relevant text quoted from the source. Displays enclosed in quotes. When supplied, the citation terminator (a period by default) is suppressed, so the quote must include terminating punctuation. Ifscript-quoteis defined, usequoteto hold aRomanization(if available) of the text inscript-quote.
- script-quote:Original quotation for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.); not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined inquote(if available). Alias: none. Must be prefixed with one of thesupported language codesto help browsers properly display the script:
... |quote=Tōkyō tawā |script-quote=ja: Đông kinh タワー |trans-quote=Tokyo Tower...
- trans-quote:English translation of the quotation if the source quoted is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets. Alias: none.
- script-quote:Original quotation for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.); not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined inquote(if available). Alias: none. Must be prefixed with one of thesupported language codesto help browsers properly display the script:
- quote-page:The number of a single page quoted in
|quote=
.Use either|quote-page=
or|quote-pages=
,but not both. Should be a subset of the page(s) specified in|page=
,|pages=
or|at=
.Displays preceded byp.
unless|no-pp=yes
.If hyphenated, use{{hyphen}}to indicate this is intentional (e.g.|quote-page=3{{hyphen}}12
). Alias: none. - OR:quote-pages:A list or range of pages quoted in
|quote=
.Use either|quote-page=
or|quote-pages=
,but not both. Should be a subset of the pages specified in|pages=
or|at=
.Separate using an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,). Displays preceded bypp.
unless|no-pp=yes
is defined. Hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes; if hyphens are appropriate because individual page numbers contain hyphens, for example: pp. 3-1–3-15, usedouble parenthesesto tell the template to display the value of|quote-pages=
without processing it, and use{{hyphen}}to indicate to editors that a hyphen is really intended:|quote-pages=((3{{hyphen}}1{{ndash}}3{{hyphen}}15))
.Alias: none.
Display options
- mode:Sets element separator, default terminal punctuation, and certain capitalization according to the value provided. For
|mode=cs1
,element separator and terminal punctuation is a period (.
); where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are capitalized ('Retrieved...'). For|mode=cs2
,element separator is a comma (,
); terminal punctuation is omitted; where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are not capitalized ('retrieved...'). These styles correspond to Citation Style 1 and Citation Style 2 respectively. To override default terminal punctuation usepostscript. - author-mask:
- contributor-mask:
- editor-mask:
- interviewer-mask:
- subject-mask:
- translator-mask:
- Replaces the name of the (first) author withem dashesor text. Set<name>-maskto a numeric valuento set the dashnem spaces wide; set<name>-maskto a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, "with". The numeric value 0 is a special case to be used in conjunction with<name>-link—in this case, the value of<name>-linkwill be used as (linked) text. In either case, you must still include the values for all names for metadata purposes. Primarily intended for use with bibliographies or bibliography styles where multiple works by a single author are listed sequentially such asshortened footnotes.Do not use in a list generated by
{{reflist}}
,<references />
or similar as there is no control of the order in which references are displayed. Mask parameters can take an enumerator in the name of the parameter (e.g.|authorn-mask=
) to apply the mask to a specificname.
- Replaces the name of the (first) author withem dashesor text. Set<name>-maskto a numeric valuento set the dashnem spaces wide; set<name>-maskto a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, "with". The numeric value 0 is a special case to be used in conjunction with<name>-link—in this case, the value of<name>-linkwill be used as (linked) text. In either case, you must still include the values for all names for metadata purposes. Primarily intended for use with bibliographies or bibliography styles where multiple works by a single author are listed sequentially such asshortened footnotes.Do not use in a list generated by
- display-authors:
- display-contributors:
- display-editors:
- display-interviewers:
- display-subjects:
- display-translators:
- Controls the number of author (or other kind of contributor) names that are displayed. By default, all authors are displayed. To change the displayed number of names, set the parameter to the desired number. For example,
|display-authors=2
will display only the first two authors in a citation (and not affect the display of the other kinds of contributors).|display-authors=0
is a special case suppressing the display of all authors including the et al.|display-authors=etal
displays all authors in the list followed by et al. Aliases: none.
- Controls the number of author (or other kind of contributor) names that are displayed. By default, all authors are displayed. To change the displayed number of names, set the parameter to the desired number. For example,
- postscript:Controls the closing punctuation for a citation; defaults to a period (
.
); for no terminating punctuation, specify|postscript=none
– leaving|postscript=
empty is the same as omitting it, but is ambiguous. Additional text, or templates that render more than a single terminating punctuation character, will generate a maintenance message.|postscript=
is ignored ifquoteis defined.
Subscription or registration required
Citations of online sources that require registration or a subscription are acceptable in Wikipedia as documented inVerifiability § Access to sources.As a courtesy to readers and other editors, editors should signal restrictions on access to material provided via the external links included in a citation. These levels describe requirements or constraints related to accessing and viewing the cited material; they are not intended to indicate the ability to reuse, or the copyright status, of the material, since that status is not relevant toverifying claims in articles.
Four access levels can be used:
- access indicator for named identifiers:
free
:the source is free to read for anyone
- access indicators for url-holding parameters:
registration
:a free registration with the provider is required to access the source, even if a limited preview, abstract or review may still be available without registrationlimited
:free access is subject to limited trial and a subscription is normally requiredsubscription
:the source is only accessible via a paid subscription with the provider of the source ( "paywall")
As there are often multiple external links with different access levels in the same citation, each value is attributed to a specific external link.
Access indicators for url-holding parameters
Online sources linked by|url=
,|article-url=
,|chapter-url=
,|contribution-url=
,|entry-url=
,|map-url=
,and|section-url=
are presumed to be free-to-read. When they are not free-to-read, editors should mark those sources with the matching access-indicator parameter so that an appropriate icon is included in the rendered citation. Because the sources linked by these URL-holding parameters are presumed to be free-to-read, they are not marked asfree
.If the registration/limited/subscription access to the source goes dead and is no longer available, then remove the access-indicator parameter and add|archive-url=
and|archive-date=
values if possible.
URL | Access | Allowed keywords |
---|---|---|
|url=
|
|url-access= |
registration limited subscription
|
|article-url=
|
|article-url-access=
| |
|chapter-url=
|
|chapter-url-access=
| |
|contribution-url=
|
|contribution-url-access=
| |
|entry-url=
|
|entry-url-access=
| |
|map-url=
|
|map-url-access=
| |
|section-url=
|
|section-url-access=
|
For example, this cites a web page that requires registration but not subscription:
{{cite web|url=https://example.com/nifty_data.php|url-access=registration|date=2021-04-15|title=Nifty example data}}
which renders as:
- "Nifty example data".2021-04-15.
Access indicator for named identifiers
Links inserted by named identifiers are presumed to lie behind a paywall or registration barrier – exceptions listed below. When they are free-to-read, editors should mark those sources with the matching access-indicator parameter so that an appropriate icon is included in the rendered citation. When the sources linked by these named-identifier parameters are not presumed to carry a free-to-read full text (for instance because they're just abstracting services), they may not be marked aslimited
,registration
,orsubscription
.
Identifier | Access | Allowed keywords |
---|---|---|
|bibcode=
|
|bibcode-access= |
free
|
|doi=
|
|doi-access=
| |
|hdl=
|
|hdl-access=
| |
|jstor=
|
|jstor-access=
| |
|ol=
|
|ol-access=
| |
|osti=
|
|osti-access=
| |
|ssrn=
|
|ssrn-access=
| |
|s2cid=
|
|s2cid-access=
|
Some named-identifiers are always free-to-read. For those named identifiers there are no access-indicator parameters; the access level is automatically indicated by the template. These named identifiers are:
|arxiv=
|biorxiv=
|citeseerx=
|medrxiv=
|pmc=
|rfc=
For embargoedpmcthat will become available in the future, seepmc-embargo-date.
TemplateData
TemplateData for Cite press release
This Citation Style 1 template is used to create citations to press releases. N.B. Parameters have been provided for up to 3 authors; however, additional parameters up to 'last9', 'first9' and 'author-link9' can be added manually as parameters.
Parameter | Description | Type | Status | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Title | title | Title of source. Displays in quotes. | String | required |
Date | date | Full date of source being referenced in the same format as other publication dates in the citations. Do not wikilink. Displays after the authors and enclosed in parentheses. If there is no author, then displays after publisher. | String | suggested |
Publisher | publisher | Name of publisher. Not normally included for periodicals. Corporate designations such as 'Ltd', 'Inc' or 'GmbH' are not usually included. Displays after title. | String | suggested |
Location of publication | location | Geographical place of publication. Displays after the title. | String | optional |
URL | url | URL of an online location where the text of the publication can be found. Use of the access-date parameter is recommended. | String | suggested |
Quote | quote | Relevant text quoted from the source. Displays enclosed in quotes. When supplied, the citation terminator (a period by default) is suppressed, so the quote needs to include terminating punctuation. | String | optional |
Anchor ID | ref | ID for anchor, overrides the default anchor. A nonempty value |ref=ID generates an anchor with the given ID; such a linkable reference can be made the target of wikilinks to full references, especially useful in short citations like shortened notes and parenthetical referencing. See anchors for Harvard referencing templates. | String | optional |
Language | language | If not English, the language the source is written in. Displays in parentheses with 'in' before the language name. Use the full language name; do not use icons or templates. | String | optional |
Via | via | Name of the content deliverer, if different from publisher | String | optional |
Last name 1 | last1 last | Last name of the first author. To link to author article, use 'author-link1'. | String | optional |
First name 1 | first1 first | First name of the first author. To link to author article, use 'author-link1'. | Unknown | optional |
Last name of second author | last2 | For use when a work has up to nine authors. To link to author article, use 'author-link2'. | Unknown | optional |
First name of second author | first2 | For use when a work has up to nine authors. To link to author article, use 'author-link2'. | Unknown | optional |
Last name of third author | last3 | For use when a work has up to nine authors. To link to author article, use 'author-link3'. | Unknown | optional |
First name of third author | first3 | For use when a work has up to nine authors. To link to author article, use 'author-link3'. | Unknown | optional |
URL access date | access-date | Full date when original URL was accessed; use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations; do not wikilink. Not required for web pages or linked documents that do not change; mainly of use for web pages that change frequently or have no publication date. | String | suggested |
url-status | url-status | When the URL is still live, but preemptively archived, then set |url-status=live. This changes the display order with the title retaining the original link and the archive linked at the end. | String | optional |
Archive URL | archive-url | The URL of an archived copy of a web page, if or in case the url becomes unavailable. Requires parameter 'archive-date'. | URL | suggested |
Archive date | archive-date | Date when the original URL was archived. Use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations; do not wikilink. Displays preceded by 'archived from the original on'. | Date | suggested |
English translation of source title | trans-title | English translation of the title if the source cited is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets after title. Use of the language parameter is recommended. | String | optional |
First author link | author-link1 author1-link author-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the first author—not the author's website; do not wikilink. | Page name | optional |
Second author link | author-link2 author2-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second author—not the author's website; do not wikilink. | Page name | optional |
Third author link | author-link3 author3-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third author—not the author's website; do not wikilink. | Page name | optional |
This template producesCOinSmetadata; seeCOinS in Wikipediafor background information.