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Dharawal

Coordinates:34°S151°E/ 34°S 151°E/-34; 151
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This article is about the Australian Indigenous group. For their language, seeTharawal language.
Not to be confused withDharawala people.

Tharawal People
aka:Dharawal,Darawal,Carawal,Turawal,Thurawal,Thurrawal,Thurrawall,Turu-wal,Turuwul,Turrubul,Turuwull
Tharawal(AIATSIS),nd(SIL)[1]
Sydney Basin bioregion
Hierarchy
Language family:Pama–Nyungan
Language branch:Yuin–Kuric
Language group:Yora
Group dialects:Tharawal[2]
Area
Bioregion:Sydney Basin
Location:SydneyandIllawarra,New South Wales
Coordinates:34°S151°E/ 34°S 151°E/-34; 151
RiversGeorgesandShoalhaven
Notable individuals
Traditional lands of Aboriginal tribes around Sydney[a]

TheTharawalpeople and other variants, are anAboriginal Australianpeople, identified by the Yuin language.[2]Traditionally, they lived as hunter–fisher–gatherers in family groups orclanswith ties ofkinship,scattered along the coastal area of what is now theSydney basininNew South Wales.

Etymology

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Dharawalmeanscabbage palm.[3]

Country

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According to ethnologistNorman Tindale,traditional Dharawal lands encompass some 450 square miles (1,200 km2) from the south ofSydney Harbour,throughGeorges River,Botany Bay,Port Hackingand south beyond theShoalhaven Riverto theBeecroft Peninsula.Their inland extent reachesCampbelltownandCamden.[4]

Clans

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TheGweagalwere also known as the "Fire Clan". They are said to be the first people to make contact withCaptain Cook.The artist Sydney Parkinson, one of the Endeavour's crew members, wrote in his journal that the indigenous people threatened them shouting words he transcribed aswarra warra wai,which he glossed to signify 'Go away'. According to spokesmen for the contemporary Dharawal community, the meaning was rather 'You are all dead', sincewarrais arootin the Dharawal language meaning 'wither', 'white' or 'dead'. As Cook's ship hove to near the foreshore, it appeared to the Dharwal to be a white low-lying cloud, and its crew 'dead' people whom they warned off from returning to the country.[5]

TheCubbitch Bartaclan registered anIndigenous land use agreementforHelensburghin 2011.[6]

Lifestyle

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The whale is the main totem for the Dharawal people.[7]The historical artwork (rock engravings) of the Dharawal people is visible on the sandstone surfaces throughout their language area andcharcoalandochrepaintings, drawings andhand stencilscan be found on hundreds of rock surfaces and in the many dozens ofrock sheltersand overhangs in that area of land.[citation needed]There is a public viewing site of one group of engravings atJibbon Point,showing a whale and awallaby.According to an early Dharawal informant, Biddy Giles,[b]these images commemorated notable events, a successful hunt and the stranding of a whale.[9][10]

The Dharawal people lived mainly by the produce of local plants, fruits and vegetables and by fishing and gatheringshellfishproducts. The men also hunted land mammals and speared fish. The women collected the vegetable foods and were well known[by whom?]for their fishing and canoeing prowess. There are a large number ofshell middensstill visible in the areas around the southern Sydney area and a glimpse of the Dharawal lifestyle can be drawn from an understanding of the kitchen rubbish left on the midden sites.[citation needed]

Alternative names

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  • Carawal.(Pacific islands phonetic system,chad the value ofth)
  • Darawad
  • Ta-ga-ry.(tagara= north)
  • Thurawal
  • Thurrawal
  • Thurrawall
  • Turawal
  • Turrubul
  • Turuwal
  • Turuwul
  • Turuwull

Source:Tindale 1974,p. 198

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^This map is indicative only
  2. ^Her Dharawal name was Byarraw/Biyarrung. She was born around 1820, and had been married off as a teenager to Kooma, an elderly George's River 'king'. Later she married Paddy Burragalang. She also stated that her uncle had witnessed Cook's landing)[8]

Citations

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  1. ^Dousset 2005.
  2. ^abAIATSIS 2012.
  3. ^Organ & Speechley 1997,p. 7.
  4. ^Tindale 1974,p. 198.
  5. ^Higgins & Collard 2020.
  6. ^ILUA Agreement 2011.
  7. ^Bursill 2007,p. 12.
  8. ^Goodall & Cadzow 2009,pp. 88–89.
  9. ^Watt 2014,p. 104.
  10. ^Goodall & Cadzow 2009,p. 97.

Sources

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  • Bursill, L. (2007).Dharawal: the story of the Dharawal-speaking people of Southern Sydney.Sydney: Kurranulla Aboriginal Corporation.
  • "Cubbitch Barta Clan of the Dharawal People Indigenous Land Use Agreement (ILUA)".Agreements, Treaties and Negotiated Settlements (ATNS) project.Retrieved31 July2020.
  • Dousset, Laurent (2005)."Tharawal".AusAnthrop (Australian Aboriginal tribal database).Archived fromthe originalon 16 October 2014.Retrieved4 January2013.
  • Goodall, Heather; Cadzow, Allison (2009).Rivers and Resilience: Aboriginal People on Sydney's Georges River.University of New South Wales Press.ISBN978-1-921-41074-1.
  • Goodall, Heather; Cadzow, Allison (2014)."Gogi".Dictionary of Sydney.Dictionary of Sydney Trust.Retrieved9 October2015.
  • Higgins, Isabella; Collard, Sarah (28 April 2020)."Captain James Cook's landing and the Indigenous first words contested by Aboriginal leaders".Dictionary of Sydney.ABC News.
  • "Language information: Dharawal".AIATSIS.23 August 2012.Retrieved4 January2013.
  • Organ, Michael K.; Speechley, Carol (1997). "Illawarra Aborigines – an Introductory History". In Hagan, J. S.; Wells, A. (eds.).A History of Wollongong.University of Wollongong Press.pp. 7–22.
  • Ridley, William(1875).Kámilarói, and other Australian languages(PDF).Sydney: T. Richards, government printer – viaInternet Archive.
  • Tindale, Norman Barnett(1974)."Tharawal(NSW)".Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names.Australian National University Press.ISBN978-0-708-10741-6.
  • Watt, Bruce (2014).The Shire: A journey through time.Cronulla, Australia: Bruce Watt. pp. 11, 26, 27, 67.ISBN978-064692019-1.
  • Watt, Bruce (2019).Dharawal: the first contact people; 250 years of black and white relations.Cronulla, Australia: Bruce Watt. pp. vi, vii, 3, 5, 21, 43, 46, 50, 56, 87, 95, 111–114, 112, 121–122.ISBN978-064699683-7.
  • Williams, Shayne T."An indigenous Australian perspective on Cook's arrival".BBC News.

Further reading

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