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The Long and Winding Road

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For the Maureen McGovern album, seeA Long and Winding Road.

"The Long and Winding Road"
US picture sleeve
Singlebythe Beatles
from the albumLet It Be
B-side"For You Blue"
Released11 May 1970
Recorded26 January 1969; 1 April 1970
StudioAppleandEMI,London
Genre
Length3:40
LabelApple
Songwriter(s)Lennon–McCartney
Producer(s)Phil Spector
The BeatlesUS singles chronology
"Let It Be"
(1970) 		"The Long and Winding Road"
(1970) 		"Got to Get You into My Life"
(1976)

"The Long and Winding Road"is a song by the English rock bandthe Beatlesfrom their 1970 albumLet It Be.It was written byPaul McCartneyand credited toLennon–McCartney.When issued as a single in May 1970, a month afterthe Beatles' break-up,it became the group's 20th and final number-one hit on theBillboardHot 100chart in the United States.

The main recording of the song took place in January 1969 and featured a sparse musical arrangement of piano, bass, guitar and percussion. When preparing the tapes from these sessions for release in April 1970, producerPhil Spectoradded orchestral and choral overdubs. Spector's modifications angered McCartney to the point that when he made his case in the EnglishHigh Courtfor the dissolution of the Beatles' legal partnership, McCartney cited the treatment of the song as one of six reasons justifying the split. Later versions of the recording with simpler instrumentation were subsequently released by the Beatles.

Inspiration

[edit]
Coastline of theKintyrepeninsula, where McCartney's farm High Park is situated. He said he drew inspiration from "the calm beauty of Scotland" when writing the song.[3]

Paul McCartney said he came up with the title "The Long and Winding Road" during one of his first visits to his property High Park Farm, nearCampbeltownin Scotland,[4]which he purchased in June 1966.[5]The phrase was inspired by the sight of a road "stretching up into the hills" in the remoteHighlandssurroundings of lochs and distant mountains.[4][nb 1]He wrote the song at his farm in 1968, inspired by the growing tension among the Beatles.[3][7]Based on other comments McCartney has made, authorHoward Souneswrites, the lyrics can be seen as McCartney expressing his anguish at the direction of his personal life, as well as a nostalgic look back at the Beatles' history.[8]McCartney recalled: "I just sat down at my piano in Scotland, started playing and came up with that song, imagining it was going to be done by someone likeRay Charles.I have always found inspiration in the calm beauty of Scotland and again it proved the place where I found inspiration. "[3]

Once back in London, McCartney recorded ademo versionof "The Long and Winding Road" during one of the recording sessions forThe Beatles.[9]Later, he offered the song toTom Joneson the condition that the singer release it as his next single. In Jones' recollection, he was forced to turn it down since his record company were about to issue "Without Love"as a single.[10]

The composition takes the form of a piano-based ballad, with conventional chord changes.[11]McCartney described the chords as "slightly jazzy" and in keeping with Charles' style.[7]The song's homekeyisE-flat majorbut it also uses the relative C minor.[11]The opening theme is repeated throughout. The song lacks a traditional chorus, and the melody and lyrics are ambiguous about the opening stanza's position in the piece. In this way, according to musicologistAlan Pollack,it is unclear whether the song has just begun, is in the verse, or is in the bridge.[11]

In an interview in 1994, McCartney said of "The Long and Winding Road": "It's rather a sad song. I like writing sad songs, it's a good bag to get into because you can actually acknowledge some deeper feelings of your own and put them in it. It's a good vehicle, it saves having to go to apsychiatrist."[12]He also told his biographerBarry Milesin the 1990s that the song was "all about the unattainable; the door you never quite reach... the road that you never get to the end of".[13]

Recording

[edit]

January 1969

[edit]

McCartney premiered "The Long and Winding Road" on 7 January 1969 during the Beatles' filmed rehearsals atTwickenham Film Studios.[14][15]After they abandoned thoughts of returning to public performance, and instead decided to make a new album,[16]the band recorded several takes of the song at theirApple Studioin central London on 26 January and again on 31 January.[17]The line-up was McCartney on lead vocals and piano,John Lennonon six-stringbass guitar,George Harrisononelectric guitarplayed with aLeslie speakereffect,[18]Ringo Starrondrums,and guest keyboardistBilly Prestononelectric piano.[19]Lennon, who rarely played bass, made several mistakes on the recording.[3]

As seen in theGet Backdocumentary, following the 26 January recording session, the band discussed the possibility of adding an orchestral accompaniment to the song. "The only way I've ever heard it in my head," McCartney said, "is likeRay Charles's band.... We were planning to do it anyway for a couple of numbers, just to have a bit of brass and a bit of strings. "George Harrison supported the idea of a brass accompaniment:" It would be nice with some brass just doing the sustaining chord thing, moving and just holding notes. "[20]

In May 1969,Glyn Johns,who had been asked by the Beatles to compile and mix theGet Backalbum from the sessions, selected the 26 January recording.[21][19]The 31 January take, which had slightly different lyrics and was recorded with Johns in an unofficial producer's role, was used in the film, subsequently titledLet It Be.[22]

April 1970

[edit]

In early 1970, Lennon and Harrison asked the Beatles' manager,Allen Klein,to turn over the January 1969 recordings to American producerPhil Spector,[16]in the hope of salvaging an album to accompany theLet It Bedocumentary film.[3]McCartney had become estranged from his bandmates at this time, due to his opposition to Klein's appointment as manager. Several weeks were lost before McCartney replied to messages requesting his approval for Spector to begin working on the recordings.[23]Spector chose to return to the same 26 January recording of "The Long and Winding Road".[24][25]

Spector made various changes to the songs. His most dramatic embellishments occurred on 1 April 1970, the last ever Beatles recording session, when he added orchestral overdubs to "The Long and Winding Road", "Across the Universe"and"I Me Mine"atEMI Studios.The only member of the Beatles present was Starr, who played drums with the session musicians to create Spector's characteristicWall of Sound.[19]Already known for his eccentric behaviour in the studio, Spector was in a peculiar mood that day, according to balance engineer Peter Bown: "He wantedtape echoon everything, he had to take a different pill every half-hour and had his bodyguard with him constantly. He was on the point of throwing a wobbly, saying 'I want to hear this, I want to hear that. I must have this, I must have that.' "The orchestra became so annoyed by Spector's behaviour that the musicians refused to play any further; at one point, Bown left for home, forcing Spector to telephone him and persuade him to return after Starr had told Spector to calm down.[26]

Spector nonetheless succeeded inoverdubbing"The Long and Winding Road", using eightviolins,fourviolas,fourcellos,threetrumpets,threetrombones,two guitars, and a choir of fourteen women.[27]The orchestra was scored and conducted byRichard Hewson,a young Londonarrangerwho had worked with Apple artistsMary Hopkin[28]andJames Taylor.[29]This lush orchestral treatment was in direct contrast to the Beatles' stated intentions for a "real" recording when they began work onGet Back.[28]

On 2 April, Spector sent each of the Beatles anacetateof the completed album with a note saying: "If there is anything you'd like done to the album, let me know and I'll be glad to help... If you wish, please call me about anything regarding the album tonight."[30]All four Beatles, including McCartney, sent Spector a telegram giving their approval.[16][31]

Dispute over Spector's overdubs

[edit]

According to authorPeter Doggett,McCartney had felt the need to accommodate his bandmates when accepting Spector's version ofLet It Be.However, following his announcement ofthe Beatles' break-upin a press release accompanying the release of his debut solo album,McCartney,on 9 April, he became dissatisfied with Spector's additions, particularly on "The Long and Winding Road."[32]On 14 April, with manufacturing underway forLet It Be,he sent a terse letter to Klein, demanding that theharpbe removed from the song and that the other added instrumentation and voices be reduced.[33]McCartney concluded the letter with the words: "Don't ever do it again."[34]Klein attempted to phone McCartney but he had changed his number without informing Apple; Klein then sent a telegram asking McCartney to contact him or Spector about his concerns. According to Klein, "The following day, a message was relayed to me [from McCartney] that the letter spoke for itself."[35]WithLet It Bescheduled for release in advance of the film, Klein allowed the production process to continue with Spector's version of "The Long and Winding Road" intact.[36]

In an interview published by theEvening Standardin two parts on 21 and 22 April 1970,[37]McCartney said:

The album was finished a year ago, but a few months ago American record producer Phil Spector was called in by John Lennon to tidy up some of the tracks. But a few weeks ago, I was sent a re-mixed version of my song "The Long and Winding Road" with harps,horns,an orchestra and women's choir added. No one had asked me what I thought. I couldn't believe it. I would never have female voices on a Beatles record.[38]

The band's usual producer, George Martin, called the remixes "so uncharacteristic" of the Beatles.[39]Johns, who was denied a production credit by Lennon,[39]later described Spector's embellishments as "revolting... just puke".[40]

McCartney asked Klein to dissolve the Beatles' partnership, but was refused. Outraged,[citation needed]he took the case to theHigh Courtin London in early 1971, naming Klein and the other Beatles as defendants. Among the six reasons McCartney gave for dissolving the Beatles was that Klein's company,ABKCO,had imposed changes to "The Long and Winding Road" without consulting McCartney.[41]In his written affidavit, Starr countered this statement by saying that when Spector had sent acetates ofLet It Beto each of the Beatles for their approval, with a request also for feedback: "We all said yes. Even at the beginning Paul said yes. I spoke to him on the phone, and said, 'Did you like it?' and he said, 'Yeah, it's OK.' He didn't put it down."[30]Starr added: "And then suddenly he didn't want it to go out. Two weeks after that, he wanted to cancel it."[31]AuthorNicholas Schaffnercommented that, in light of McCartney's contention in the High Court, it was surprising that he personally accepted the band's Grammy Award forLet It Bein March 1971 – when the album won in the categoryBest Original Score Written for a Motion Picture or Television Special[42]– and that he chose to feature his wife Linda's voice so prominently on his post-Beatles recordings.[43]

Speaking to music journalistRichard Williamssoon after the overdubbing sessions, Spector said that he had asked whether any of the Beatles would like to help him produce the album, but none of them had wanted to.[16]He later said he was forced into orchestrating "The Long and Winding Road" to cover the poor quality of Lennon's bass playing; Spector also denied that McCartney was not consulted, saying that he had first contacted McCartney about the choice of musical arranger.[44]In his bookRevolution in the Head,Beatles scholarIan MacDonaldwrote: "The song was designed as a standard to be taken up by mainstream balladeers... It features some atrocious bass-playing by Lennon, prodding clumsily around as if uncertain of the harmonies and making many comical mistakes. Lennon's crude bass playing on 'The Long and Winding Road', though largely accidental, amounts to sabotage when presented as finished work."[3]In 2003, Spector called McCartney's criticism "hypocritical", alleging that "Paul had no problem picking up the Academy Award [sic] for theLet It Bemovie soundtrack,[nb 2]nor did he have any problem in using my arrangement of the string and horn and choir parts when he performed it during 25 years of touring on his own. If Paul wants to get into a pissing contest about it, he's got me mixed up with someone who gives a shit. "[47]

Release

[edit]

The song was released on theLet It Bealbum on 8 May 1970.[48]On 11 May, only one week before the album's North American release,[49]Apple issued "The Long and Winding Road" as a single in the United States with "For You Blue"on the B-side.[50][51]The single was released in several European countries but not the United Kingdom.[18]In the context of the recent news regarding the Beatles' split, the song captured the sadness that many listeners felt.[52]

In the US, "For You Blue" gained sufficient radio airplay forBillboardto chart the two songs together, as a double-sided hit.[13]The record was similarly listed as a double A-side when it topped Canada's singles chart.[53]On 13 June 1970, it became the Beatles' twentieth and final number-one single on theBillboardHot 100chart[54]and held the top position for a second week.[55]The band thereby set the all-time record for number of chart-topping singles on theBillboardHot 100. The Beatles achieved this feat in a period of less than six-and-a-half years, starting with "I Want to Hold Your Hand"on 1 February 1964, during which they topped the Hot 100 in one out of every six weeks.[56]"The Long and Winding Road" also topped the US charts compiled byCash BoxandRecord World,giving the band their 22nd and 23rd number-one hits on those charts.[54]

The single had a relatively brief run on theBillboardHot 100[13]and its contemporary US sales were insufficient forgold accreditationby theRecording Industry Association of America(RIAA).[57]In February 1999, "The Long and Winding Road" was certified platinum by the RIAA for sales of 1,000,000.[58]

Critical reception

[edit]

Let It Bereceived largely unfavourable reviews from music critics,[59][60]many of whom ridiculed Spector's use of orchestration, particularly on "The Long and Winding Road".[61][62]In his album review forMelody Maker,Richard Williams wrote that "Paul's songs seem to be getting looser and less concise, and Spector's orchestrations add to the Bacharach atmosphere. The strings add a pleasant fullness in places, but intrude badly near the end and the harps are too much."[63][64]Rolling Stone's reviewer,John Mendelsohn,was especially critical of Spector's work,[43]saying: "He's rendered 'The Long and Winding Road'... virtually unlistenable with hideously cloying strings and a ridiculous choir that serve only to accentuate the listlessness of Paul's vocal and the song's potential for further mutilation at the hands of the countless schlock-mongers who will undoubtedly trip all over one another in their haste to cover it." Mendelsohn said that while the song was a "slightly lesser chapter in the ongoing story of McCartney as facile romanticist", "it might have eventually begun to grow on one as unassumingly charming" without Spector's "oppressive mush".[65]

In 1973, musicologist and criticWilfrid Mellerswrote: "The music has a tremendous expectancy... Whether or no Paul approved of the plush scoring of 'The Long and Winding Road', it works not because it guys the feeling but because the feeling has integrity."[66]MacDonald said: "With its heart-breakingsuspensionsand yearning backward glances from the sad wisdom of the major key to the lost loves and illusions of the minor, 'The Long and Winding Road' is one of the most beautiful things McCartney ever wrote. Its words, too, are among his most poignant, particularly the reproachful lines of the brief four-bar middle section. A shame Lennon didn't listen more generously. "[67]

According to Williams, writing in his bookPhil Spector: Out of His Head,Spector's mistake was in "taking McCartney at his face value" and emphasising the sentimental qualities that George Martin's orchestral arrangements for the Beatles had successfully tempered. Williams added: "Some might say that this track, above all others, epitomises Paul McCartney, and that when Spector sent the saccharine strings sweeping in after the first line of vocal, he was merely highlighting the reality."[68]In a 2003 review forMojo,shortly after the announcement that McCartney planned to issue "a string-lessLet It Be",John Harrisopined: "As someone who experiences aProustianrush every time the orchestra crash-lands in 'The Long and Winding Road', I can only implore him to think again. Besides, underneath all the Wagnerian gloop, John's bass playing ishorriblyout of tune... "[69]Referring to the version subsequently released without the controversial overdubs,Adam SweetingofThe Guardiansaid the song was "indubitably improved by the removal of Spector's wall of schmaltz" but "still teeth-clenchingly mawkish".[70]

In 2011,Rolling Stoneplaced "The Long and Winding Road" at number 90 on its list of "The 100 Greatest Beatles Songs".[71]On a similar list compiled byMojoin 2006, the song appeared at number 27. In his commentary for the magazine,Brian Wilsondescribed it as his "all time favourite Beatles track", saying that while the Beatles were "genius songwriters", this song was distinguished by a "heart-and-soulmelody ". Wilson concluded:" When they broke up I was heartbroken. I think they should have kept going. "[72]

Other Beatles and McCartney versions

[edit]

Since the original release in 1970, there have been six additional recordings released by McCartney.[73]After he had resisted playing any of his Beatles songs with his bandWings,[74]he included "The Long and Winding Road" in the set list for Wings'1975–76 world tour.[75]A live version appeared on the 1976 albumWings over America.[76]

McCartney re-recorded "The Long and Winding Road" for the soundtrack to his 1984 filmGive My Regards to Broad Street.[77]George Martin produced the track, which includes saxophone accompaniment[73]and what authors Chip Madinger and Mark Easter describe as a Las Vegas-style musical arrangement.[78][nb 3]A second new studio recording of the song was made by McCartney in 1989 and used as a B-side of single releases from hisFlowers in the Dirtalbum, starting with the "Postcard Pack" vinyl format of "This One".[80]

On McCartney's1989–90 world tourin support ofFlowers in the Dirt– his first world tour since 1975–76 – the song was performed with a musical backing that, inKenneth Womack's view, "clearly attempts to replicate" the strings added by Spector in 1970.[73]The version released on the live album from the tour,Tripping the Live Fantastic,was the only song taken from McCartney's two April 1990 shows at theMaracanã Stadiumin Rio de Janeiro.[81][82][nb 4]The single also included non-album live tracks "C Moon"and"Mull of Kintyre".The live single version was also included onThe 7 "Singles Boxin 2022.[83]

The 1996 Beatles' outtakes compilationAnthology 3includes the original 26 January 1969 take, without Spector's overdubs.[25][84]"The Long and Winding Road" provided the working title for Apple executiveNeil Aspinall's early version of the documentary film that became the 1995 TV seriesThe Beatles Anthology.[85]The title was changed in the 1990s after Harrison objected to the project being named after McCartney's song.[86]

In 2003, McCartney persuaded Starr and Ono (as Lennon's widow) to releaseLet It Be... Naked.[3]McCartney said that his long-standing dissatisfaction with the released version of "The Long and Winding Road" was partly the impetus for the new version. The album included a take of the song from 31 January 1969.[87]With no strings or other added instrumentation, it was closer to the Beatles' original intention than the 1970 version.[3]This take is also the one seen in the filmLet It Beand on the Beatles' 2015 video compilation1.[88]Starr said of theLet It Be... Nakedversion: "There's nothing wrong with Phil's strings [on the 1970 release], this is just a different attitude to listening. But it's been 30-odd years since I've heard it without all that and it just blew me away."[3]

"The Long and Winding Road" has continued to be a staple of McCartney's post-Beatles concert repertoire.[89]In July 2005, he performed the song to close theLive 8 concertin London.[90]On his 2009 tours, McCartney played it as part of a nostalgia-filled set that included tributes to Linda, Lennon and Harrison. In the case of "The Long and Winding Road", the performance was accompanied by screen-projected photos taken by Linda of the family's Arizona ranch, including the horse trail she and McCartney rode shortly before her death.[91]

Cover versions

[edit]

"The Long and Winding Road" was one of several McCartney compositions from the Beatles era that became widely covered byeasy listeningartists and persuaded adults that the younger generation's musical tastes had merit.[92]A version byBud Shankwiththe Bob Alcivar Singerswas released in March 1970 on the albumLet It Be,which preceded the Beatles' version by two months (released in May on their twelfth albumLet It Be). A version by British singerRay Morganreached number 32 on theUK Singles Chartin 1970.[93]

As McCartney had originally envisaged,[7]Ray Charles recorded a cover version in 1971, released onVolcanic Action of My Soul.A "live" vocal of Ray, as described in the liner notes toRay Sings, Basie Swings,was later overdubbed with the Count Basie Orchestra and issued on that 2006 album.[94]Aretha Franklinreleased a recording of the song on her 1972 albumYoung, Gifted and Black,a version thatRolling StonewriterRob Sheffieldcalls "the greatest of all Beatle covers".[95]Cilla Blackreleased a version on her 1973 Martin-produced albumDay by Day with Cilla;[96]McCartney described this recording as the definitive version of the song.[97][nb 5]

Other versions include a cover byLeo Sayeron the 1976All This and World War IIsoundtrack, a 1978 recording byPeter FramptonforRobert Stigwood's filmSgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band,a 1999 performance byGeorge Michaelat theRoyal Albert Hallmemorial concert for Linda McCartney, and a 2010 performance at the White House byFaith HillwhenBarack Obamagave McCartney theGershwin Prize.[89]In 1985, a recording byBilly Oceanpeaked at number 24 onBillboard'sAdult Contemporarychart.[99]In 2002, BritishPop Idolseries onecontestantsWill YoungandGareth Gatesrecorded a version released as a double A-side with Gates' version of "Suspicious Minds";the single topped the UK Singles Chart and theScottish Singles Chart.[100][101]The duet by itself also reached number 4 in Ireland.[102]

Personnel

[edit]

According to Walter Everett,[103]except where noted:

The Beatles

Additional musicians

Charts

[edit]

Certifications

[edit]
Certifications for "The Long and Winding Road"
Region Certification Certified units/sales
United Kingdom (BPI)[121] Silver 200,000‡
United States (RIAA)[122] Platinum 1,000,000^

^Shipments figures based on certification alone.
‡Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.

Notes

[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related toLet It Be.
  1. ^According to Beatles biographerSteve Turner,the road was most likely the B842.[6]
  2. ^Although McCartney accepted the Grammy Award in Los Angeles, a month before the Oscars ceremony,[45]theAcademy Award for Best Original Song Scorewas picked up byQuincy Jones,who says McCartney refused to attend.[46]
  3. ^Madinger and Easter comment that the 1984 version fails to support how "near and dear to his heart" the song was and McCartney's complaint that Spector had "overproduced" the Beatles' recording.[79]Beatles biographerKenneth Womackviews it as an "outrageous jazz reading" and the "ridiculous nadir" of McCartney's attempts to revisit the song.[73]
  4. ^With his 21 April concert there, McCartney broke the attendance record held byFrank Sinatraby performing to a crowd estimated at around 184,000.The Guinness Book of Recordsrecognised it as "the largest paying audience ever to see a rock concert by a single artist".[82]
  5. ^In August 2015, the Beatles' recording of "The Long and Winding Road" was played at Black's funeral as the coffin left the church.[98]

References

[edit]
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