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This article is about the Cleveland market radio station which has identified as WCPN since 2022. For the radio station that identified as WCPN from 1984 to 2022, seeWCLV.
Not to be confused with the 1933 filmFootlight Parade.

WCPN
SimulcastofWKSU,Kent, OH
Broadcast area
Frequency104.9MHz(HD Radio)
BrandingWKSU Ideastream Public Media
Programming
Language(s)English
FormatPublic radio/talk
Subchannels
Affiliations
Ownership
Owner
History
First air date
July 25, 1975
(49 years ago)(1975-07-25)[1]
Former call signs
  • WZLE (1975–1999)
  • WMTX (1999)
  • WAKS (1999–2001)
  • WCLV-FM (2001–2003)
  • WCLV (2003–2022)
Call signmeaning
"Cleveland Public Network"
Technical information[2]
Licensing authority
FCC
Facility ID70109
ClassA
ERP6,000watts
HAAT97.41 meters (320 ft)
Transmitter coordinates
41°28′32.2″N81°59′23.5″W/ 41.475611°N 81.989861°W/41.475611; -81.989861(WCPN)
Links
Public license information
Webcast
Websitewww.wksu.org

WCPN(104.9FM) is anon-commercial educationalradio stationlicensed toLorain, Ohio,featuring apublic radioformat as arepeaterofKent–licensedWKSU.Owned byIdeastream Public Media,the station serves the western portion ofGreater Clevelandand parts of surroundingNortheast Ohio.By virtue of WKSU, studios are located at Playhouse Square inDowntown Cleveland,[3]while WCPN's transmitter resides in theClevelandsuburb ofAvon.In addition to a standardanalog transmission,WCPN broadcasts over fourHD Radiochannels and streams online.

Signing on in 1975 under the WZLE call sign, the station originally focused onLorain Countywith afull-serviceformat of local news andeasy listeningmusic dubbed "mellow gold". A 1983 sale of WZLE to a local non-profit Christian group saw the station switch toChristian radioprogramming, eventually focusing oncontemporary Christian musicby the early 1990s.Jacor's purchase of WZLE in 1998 resulted in a format change tocontemporary hit radioas the first home ofWAKSthe following year. A complex seven-station asset swap involving Jacor's successor companyClear Channel,Salem CommunicationsandWCLV (95.5FM)owner Radio Seaway on July 3, 2001, resulted in104.9FMbecoming the second home of WCLV and itsclassical musicformat. Converted to non-commercial status and donated to Ideastream in 2013, WCLV's programming and call letters moved to90.3FMon March 28, 2022; in turn, this station became a full-power satellite of co-managed WKSU, bearing the WCPN calls.

History

[edit]

WZLE

[edit]

The current104.9FMlicense was borne out of a contested bidding process that lasted five years. Lake Erie Broadcasting, a group headed by Harold E. "Gene" Sens[4](vice president/general manager forSandusky'sWLECand a staffer for that station since 1960)[5]filed paperwork with theFederal Communications Commission(FCC) on December 6, 1969.[6]Lorain Community Broadcasting, owners ofWLRO (1380AM),filed a competing application at the same time,[7]prompting an FCCcomparative hearingon April 14, 1971.[6]The FCC ruled in favor of Sens's group, and after losing on appeal to an FCC review board, Lorain Community withdrew their bid on November 6, 1974.[7]Taking the WZLE calls and committing to studios at the Sheffield Shopping Center and a 280-foot(85m) tower on an adjacent road, both inSheffield Township,Sens promised the station would feature afull-serviceformat with music "geared for 'adults and young adults".[5]Sens relinquished his WLEC duties several weeks prior to WZLE's launch.[8]

WZLE took to the air at 1 p.m. on July 25, 1975, with a broadcast schedule running from 5:25 a.m. to midnight.[1]EventualMorning Journalcolumnist Richard J. Osborne was WZLE's news director and retrospectively described the format asbig band-oriented and meant for older audience; he mused, "back then, being news director meant being the news department."[9]Sports director Bruce Johnson called the station "mellow gold" with an emphasis oneasy listening.[10]Even though the station signed off at midnight daily, WZLE officials promised the station would remain on-air in the event of any community emergency.[11]High school sportscoverage became a regular feature, with WZLE broadcastingLorain Catholic High School's 1976 state basketball championship.[12]Veteran broadcaster Jeff Baxter was the station's initial program director,[13]while future Cleveland broadcaster Bob Tayek briefly worked as a newscaster.[14][15]FormerWJKW-TVnews anchor Jim Hale joined WZLE as an announcer and newscaster on November 23, 1977.[16][17]By 1978, WZLE broadcast around-the-clock.[13]

Sens considered WZLE's community service commitments to be "of utmost importance in my mind... we're not just aLorainstation, but our main obligation is to Lorain andElyriaresidents ".[13]Public service fare even included a Sunday night discussion show devoted tosenior citizens,one of the first of its kind in the country.[18]The station hired formerWOBLpersonality Scott Miller for evenings on March 17, 1980, after a publicity stunt where he held himself "hostage" in the WOBL studio to relate withthe hostages at the U.S. embassy in Iran.[19][20]The stunt lasted for 50 days; WOBL owner Harry Wilbur fired Miller afterwards, while the FCC investigated him for possible improprieties with soliciting money on-air.[21]Miller's show broke format as he focused oncountry musicand talk[19]causing WZLE to drop their ongoing high school basketball playoff coverage as it conflicted with his show.[22]By that July, area sportscaster Jim Allen Popiel moved his daily high school sports show from WLRO to WZLE.[23]Coinciding with the changes, WZLE rebranded as "Z-105" while retaining the "mellow gold" descriptor.[24]By the fall of 1982, WOBL ceased high school sports coverage due toan ongoing recessionimpacting WOBL's audience more than WZLE orWEOL.[25]

On April 15, 1983, WZLE was purchased by the Lorain Christian Broadcasting Company[26]for $850,000 (equivalent to $2.6 million in 2023).[27][28]Lorain Christian Broadcasting was headed by the Rev. Norfleet Jones, an area minister and syndicated radio host;[29]his group intended to build a station before learning Sens was interested in selling WZLE.[30]While Jones initially suggested little to no changes for the station,[26]after the sale closed, WZLE changed format toChristian radioas "Victory 105" on June 16, 1983,[30]only retaining the station'sbookkeeper.[29]WZLE's lineup featured a mixture of middle-of-the-road Christian music along with national preachers includingDr. James Dobson,Dr. Charles SwindollandMarlin Maddoux.[31]Among the programs added wasThe Hour of Comfortwith Rev. Daniel Buser, which had recently been dropped from WEOL's schedule.[32]Len Howser joined the station as operations manager and morning host and attracted attention when leading a campaign along with the station protesting the 1988 religious dramaThe Last Temptation of Christdue to its "morally and ethically wrong" content.[33]

Front façade of the four-floor Antlers Hotel. constructed of tan brick with ornamental stone and terra cotta features in the Renaissance Revival style, and a porch surrounded by opposing bays. Both the porch and windows have balusters and classic detailing.
TheAntlers HotelinLorain, Ohio,housed WZLE's studios in the 1990s.

WZLE was sold to Cincinnati-based Victory Radio in July 1988 for $820,000 (equivalent to $2.11 million in 2023); as part of the deal, Lorain Christian Broadcasting entered into anon-competeagreement and group head Johnny Wade Sloan, who took over for Jones,[31]became a consultant for Victory for five years.[34]Victory Radio purchased WRKG (the former WLRO) from a group headed byreal estate developerJon R. Veard the following year.[35]When that purchase was approved, WZLE moved to WRKG's facilities at theAntlers Hotelin Lorain's downtown that Veard also owned,[36][37]though Victory Radio head Vernon Baldwin also considered building a new facility for both stations.[38]WRKG also changed format fromadult standardsto a mixture ofsouthern gospelandHispanicprogramming to align themselves further with WZLE.[39]The station'ssatellite dishwas heavily damaged by vandals twice during a nine-month span in 1991; Howser suggested the vandalism was possibly caused by people opposed to Maddoux's satellite-delivered programPoint of Viewand his outspoken support forSupreme CourtnomineeClarence Thomas.[40]

Under Victory ownership, a new 450-foot (140 m) tower was activated in early 1991, 50 percent taller than the prior tower and extending the station's signal range by 8–10miles(13–16km);[41]management claimed this tower was the tallest in the county, though it was in reality 49 feet shorter thanWNWV's 499-foot (152 m) mast.[42][43]While WZLE retained some locally-sourced church programming,[39]the format was adjusted tocontemporary Christianas the format was beginning to find mainstream appeal.[44]WZLE also carried several local specialty programs. Overnights featuredgospel-orientedhip hopfirst hosted byborn-againChristian "Brother Lou" Acosta[45]and later by communityvolunteerJerome G. "J The Gospel Kid" Williams.[46]John Palmer hostedPlanet Palmer,a Saturday night program devoted to harder-edgedChristian rock.[47]High school sports coverage continued to be featured, particularly with theSouthwestern Conference.[39]A Friday night sports talk show hosted by formerCleveland BrownpunterBryan Wagnerwas added in 1996.[48]Len Howser added Patty Sutter and Palmer as co-hosts for a full-service morning show, using it as a way to introduce the Christian contemporary format to listeners.[44]Howser referred to the station's overall success in Lorain County as a "killer phenomenon".[39]

Rumors emerged in 1997 thatSalem Communications,a Christian-based broadcast chain which had purchased bothWHKandWCCDin the region, showed interest in acquiring WZLE.[49]Ultimately, the station was sold toJacor(in the process of being acquired byClear Channel Communications) on December 22, 1998, joining aGreater Clevelandcluster of four FM stations and one AM station.[50]After the deal closed, Jacor management committed to keeping the Christian format in place.[51]Still, rumors persisted of a format change, possibly to country music, while Howser said, "... they (Jacor) gave me the reins to treat the station as my own and told me to use good judgement."[50]

WAKS

[edit]
Not to be confused with Cleveland market radio stationWAKS.

When we would meet people in public, it was like we had spent the morning together in the same room talking the whole morning. As I talk with listeners since we went off the air, I sense a deep void. This was something people identified with. It brought something positive, hope-filled and faith-filled into their lives.

Len Howser, former WZLE personality[44]

Precipitated byWZJM (92.3FM)'s format change earlier in the month fromcontemporary hit radio(CHR) torhythmic oldiesunder the "Jammin' Oldies" banner,[52]WZLE switched formats on May 21, 1999, to CHR as "KISS 104.9".[53]WZLE's airstaff was notified of the switch the day beforehand, with automated Christian music playing until the overnight hours.[44]Greg Ausham, who assumed operation manager duties for WZLE, cited WZJM's format change and WZLE's small—albeit loyal—listener base as the impetus for the change.[54]One displaced listener recounted shock tuning hercar radioto WZLE along with her children and hearingPrince's "Erotic City",telling theMorning Journal,"I feel cheated, ripped off and heartbroken... I'm just devastated."[53]Former WZLE personality John Palmer fielded 200 phone calls from affected listeners on the day of the format switch.[54]One employee answering the station's office phone commented to theJournal,"it's big city radio now".[53]A contest conducted shortly after the switch went awry when 200Cedar Pointtickets promised to winners went missing; as multiple office keys at the Antlers facilities were unaccounted for, sabotage among former employees was implied.[55]WZLE's studios were ultimately moved toDowntown Clevelandin theTower City Center's Skylight Office Tower, already housing co-ownedWMMSandWMVX,[52]and the playlist was assisted in part fromWNCIinColumbus.[56]

WZLE's format change took place several days afterWENZrelaunched as "KISS 107.9" with amainstream urbanformat,[52]but Clear Channel filed acease and desistletter against WENZ ownerRadio Oneas Clear Channel claimed ownership of the "KISS-FM"brand as atrademarkin Ohio,[57]a charge Radio One's chief operating officer disputed.[58]By September 1999, WENZ re-branded as "Z-107.9" by its own volition, allowing Clear Channel to have full ownership of the brand.[57]WZLE's call sign accordingly changed to WAKS on September 17, 1999, taking calls recently abandoned inTampa, Florida,by the currentWMTX.[59]While "KISS 104.9" was originally fully automated (and, along with WENZ, was described byPlain Dealercritic Tom Feran as "little more than cyberstations programmed from out of town" ),[58]an airstaff was gradually assembled. Dan Mason, Jr. was hired as program director and afternoon host in early November 1999;[60]Mason was the son of eventualCBS Radioexecutive Dan Mason.[61]Mike Kasper[62]was added in March 2000 as music director and evening host.[63]Mornings were hosted byKIIS-FMafternoon host Sean Valentine viavoice-trackingwith the majority of segments recorded from his KIIS show; this practice was used at other Clear Channel-owned "KISS-FM" stations.[64]

Despite WAKS's limited signal, the station showed immediate promise: the Summer 1999ArbitronArbitrends showed the station's ratings tripled from the previous fall,[65]and the full Arbitron report showed WAKS placing in the Top 10 with the 18–34 demographic.[66]Clear Channel management expressed hopes of increasing the station's coverage area, including possible increases in power and a transmitter move, but acknowledged that first-adjacent stationWKKYinGenevawould present a limitation.[52]Paperwork was filed in March 2000 to move WAKS to a 350-foot (110 m) tower inAvon,along with a power increase to6,000watts.[67]The FCC granted aconstruction permitfor the move on July 3, 2000.[68]

2001 "frequency swap"

[edit]
For more information on the July 3, 2001, exchange involving seven Northeast Ohio radio stations, see2001 in radio.

We could have sold (WCLV (95.5FM)) for millions and millions and millions and millions of dollars... (but) we feel that the radio station is very important to the community. It contributes to the quality of life. It's a major conduit for the arts organizations to their constituencies.

Robert Conrad[69]

WAKS was one of sevenNortheast Ohioradio stations involved in a complex asset swap between Clear Channel and two other radio companies.WCLV (95.5FM)parent Radio Seaway reached an agreement to donate WCLV's assets to anonprofitfoundationon November 1, 2000;[a]to finance this deal, Radio Seaway sold the95.5FMlicense to Salem Communications and concurrently purchased the licenses for WAKS from Clear Channel and WHK (1420AM) from Salem, while Clear Channel also purchased the license forCanton'sWHK-FM (98.1)from Salem.[69]WCLV co-founder/president Robert Conrad and Radio Seaway partner Rich Marschner initiated the deal to preserve WCLV'sclassicalformat from being subsumed by mass consolidation in the industry;[69]they negotiated between both radio chains for nearly two years.[70]With the divestment of the104.9FMlicense, Clear Channel announced WAKS's CHR format and call letters would transfer to theAkron–licensed96.5FMfacility, which wasadult contemporary-formattedWKDD;in turn, WKDD's format and calls would move to the98.1FMfacility.[71]

Two lines of text, both in serif type: "WCLV" on the top row, and "104.9 FM" and "1420 AM" on the bottom row.
Station logo following the 2001 frequency change

Radio Seaway's original plans were to use the1420AMfacility as an outrightsimulcastof WCLV-FM, addressing the104.9FMlicense's technical limitations.[71]Said plans were changed, however, when Salem announced that WHK's format and call letters would move from1420AMto1220AMandWKNR'ssportsformat and call letters would move from1220AMto850AM,effectively forcingWRMRand its adult standards format off the air.[72]Following a substantial outcry from WRMR listeners, which as a station had a core demographic of 65 and older[72]and ranked near the bottom tier in the 25–54 demographic,[73]Radio Seaway agreed on May 31, 2001, to acquire WRMR'sintellectual property—reported on as "the WRMR format" but consisting of the station's music library and some equipment—for an undisclosed fee and placed the format on1420AMwith the WCLV (AM) call sign.[74]WCLV subsequently arranged a partial simulcast for104.9FMwithPainesville'sWBKC.[75]The asset deals behind this "frequency swap" were all consummated on July 3, 2001, with WAKS changing format from CHR to classical and call sign to WCLV-FM, bringing over the former WCLV (95.5FM)'s format intact and retaining all on- and off-air staff.[76][77]The "new" WCLV-FM also continued production of 27 programs nationally syndicated by Radio Seaway, includingCleveland Orchestraradio broadcasts.[78]

WCLV

[edit]

When theBrowns left town (in 1996),so what? But if WCLV had left, that would have been a great blow to me.

Frank Gerklak, longtime WCLV listener after the move to104.9FM[78]

The non-profit organization established to operate WCLV-FM—the WCLV Foundation—was modeled in part on the foundation established afterPatsy Bullitt CollinsdivestedKING-FMto a consortium consisting of theSeattle Symphony,Seattle Operaand ArtsFund in 1994.[78]The structure of the WCLV Foundation allowed WCLV to continue operating with a classical format and use its "excess profits" to fund local arts organizations: theCleveland Orchestra,theCleveland Institute of Music,theCleveland Museum of Art,theCleveland Play House,andThe Cleveland Foundation.[70]Cleveland Foundation president Steven Minter praised the WCLV Foundation as "generous and farsighted" and pledged to use any annual proceeds for futuregrant distribution.[78]On November 1, 2001, Radio Seaway donated WCLV-FM's license to the Foundation but handled day-to-day operations, while retaining and operating WCLV (AM) outright.[78]Maintaining the adult standards format, the AM outlet was renamed WRMR on January 1, 2003, and then repurchased by Salem Communications on July 7, 2004, for $10 million.[79]

Map
Grade A signal contours for 104.9 FM (blue), located inAvon,and 95.5 FM (red), located inWarrensville Heights.

The move of WCLV's format and call letters to104.9FMcame at the expense of listeners inSummit County,particularly inAkronandKent,that were unable to reliably pick up the new signal. One disappointed listener fromCuyahoga Fallstold theAkron Beacon Journal,"I love WCLV, I just feel like the announcers are members of my family."[80]Conrad, who emceed a Cleveland Orchestra concert atBlossom Music Centershortly after the switch, ended up addressing the new signal's shortcomings and said, "we made some sacrifices for the perpetuation of the format".[81]WKSU, which continued to feature a combinedpublic radioand classical format, began advertising towards affected listeners particularly in areas where WCLV-FM's signal was the weakest, but otherwise considered WCLV a "kindred spirit".[80]

WCLV's ratings dropped by 20 percent the year following the switch, but advertising revenue remained stable even with challenges related to theSeptember 11 attacks.[82]APlain Dealerreview of theTivoli Audio PALelicited disagreement from readers disappointed in the radio as they were still unable to reliably tune in to WCLV's signal, even with the PAL's sensitive tuner.[83]WCLV beganHD Radiobroadcasts on August 14, 2003, shortly beforea cascading failure of the electrical grid in the Midwest and Northeastmarred the debut; at the time, WCLV was the second Cleveland-market radio station and only the third U.S. radio station with a classical format to adopt the standard.[84]The partial simulcast with WBKC ended on October 17, 2006, after owner D&E Communications converted WBKC into a gospel music format under the WABQ call sign,[85]assuming the prior identityof a prior WABQdivested several weeks earlier.[86]

Jacqueline Gerber joined WCLV as morning host in the spring of 2001, prior to the frequency move.[87]In an interview with theSpringfield State Journal-Register,Gerber described WCLV as a mixture of old and new technology, noting, "we still have turntables... we still havereel-to-reel tape,we still have single-edge razor blades lying around the control room. "[88]Gerber's arrival accentuated an airstaff with significant continuity: music director John Simna had been with WCLV since 1973 and midday host Mark Satola since 1977.[89]Bill O'Connell was named as the second program director in station history in 1998, succeeding Conrad,[90]then became afternoon host in May 2001[87]following Tony Bianchi's retirement from WCLV after 37 years on air.[91]Hugh Danaceau, who was the station's news director since 1981,[92]continued in that capacity until his death on October 26, 2003.[93]Bill Rudman'smusical theater-themedFootlight Paradehad been a WCLV program since May 1983; during Radio Seaway's ownership of1420AM,Rudman hosted a Saturday afternoon program on that station devoted to "classic American song".[94]The Black Arts,a weekly series on contributions to fine arts, classical music and jazz by African Americans hosted byA. Grace Lee Mims,launched on WCLV in 1976 and aired continuously until Mims's death in October 2019.[95][96]

An alternating white and red triangular guyed lattice tower, set against a cloudy sky. A three-bayed antenna at the top of the structure is also flanked by an activated red beacon light. An additional red beacon light is fixed on the structure above a small studio-to-transmitter link dish. An office building is pictured in front of the tower on the left-hand side, with a parking lot on the other side.
The current104.9FMtransmitter mast located in Avon, Ohio

Two of WCLV's signature evening programs—Symphony at SevenandHeinen'sConcert Hall—also carried over to104.9FM.WhileConcert Hallwas discontinued in 2003,[97]Symphony at Sevenremains on the schedule to the present day, withKeyBank(through predecessors Society Bank and Cleveland Trust) serving as the program's sole sponsor throughout its entire history.[98]Adventures in Good Music,which WCLV syndicated internationally since March 22, 1970, remained on the schedule until June 29, 2007,[99]but ended production four years earlier;[100]the program continued to be among WCLV's highest-rated when hostKarl Haasdied in 2005.[101]Essential Classics,another program of recorded music, replacedAdventures in Good Musicon the WCLV schedule.Beau Coupkeyboardist Dennis Lewin hostedTurning You onto Classical Musicon WCLV from 2008 to 2018.[102]

WCLV's conversion into non-commercial status occurred over the span of two years. WCLV first announced on August 10, 2010, its move from their long-time "Radio Ranch" studios inWarrensville Heightsto the Idea Center atPlayhouse Squarein Downtown Cleveland, home to areaPBSmemberWVIZand areaNPRmemberWCPN;the station's transmitter site would remain in Avon.[103]The move occurred in December 2010.[104]Radio Seaway announced it would donate WCLV to WVIZ and WCPN's parentIdeastreamon May 4, 2011, with Cleveland Classical Radio (formerly the WCLV Foundation) continuing to operate the station until November 1, 2012, the 50th anniversary of the original WCLV (95.5FM)'s launch.[105]Ideastream was one of the initial backing partners behind the WCLV Foundation at its 2000 establishment.[69]Commercial operation continued until January 1, 2013, when the station joined WVIZ and WCPN in operating as a non-commercialpublic radiostation, fully integrating it into the public media group.[106][107]From 2001 through 2012, WCLV was one of the few remaining commercially-operated classical music radio stations in the United States.[108]

WKSU repeater

[edit]
Further information:WKSU § Ideastream merger

Ideastream Public Media andKent State University's board of trustees entered into apublic service operating agreementwith the university's WKSU on September 15, 2021.[109]This agreement had its genesis in a $100,000Corporation for Public Broadcastinggrant[110]jointly awarded to WKSU and Ideastream on September 1, 2020, to help expand public media service in Northeast Ohio and encourage collaboration between both entities.[111]As part of the agreement, Ideastream took over the day-to-day operations of WKSU and all its respective translators and repeaters on October 1, 2021, retaining all of WKSU's employees.[112]

On March 28, 2022, WCLV changed calls to WCPN and became a WKSUrepeaterforLorain Countyand the western portion of Greater Cleveland,[113]WCPN changed calls to WCLV and format to classical music,[114]and WKSU became Northeast Ohio's lead NPR station employing both WCPN and WKSU's off- and on-air staffs.[115]The addition of104.9FMto WKSU's repeater network—with a potential audience of 3.6 million people and 22-county coverage area—gave WKSU the largest collective footprint for an FM radio station in Ohio, while WCLV's potential audience at90.3FMwas estimated to have increased by as many as one million people[116]restoring the classical format on a full-market FM signal since the 2001 asset swap.[114]

Programming

[edit]

WCPN operates as a full-time simulcast ofWKSU.Additionally, WCPN rebroadcasts WKSU's fourdigital subchannelsusing the proprietaryHD Radiostandard:

  • WCPN-HD1 is asimulcastof WCPN's analog feed.
  • WCPN-HD2 airsfolk musicfromFolkAlley.com.
  • WCPN-HD3 is a simulcast of WCLV's analog feed.
  • WCPN-HD4 carries an alternate schedule of news and talk programming from NPR and theBBC World Servicebranded "News and More".ThinkandAs It Happensair exclusively on this channel, along withFolk Alleyand locally produced ethnic shows on Sunday nights.[117][118]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^When the asset swap was announced, the95.5FMlicense was estimated at $45 million (equivalent to $79.6 million in 2023), while the104.9FMlicense was valued at $8 million (equivalent to $14.2 million in 2023).[69]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ab"New FM station starts in Sheffield".The Chronicle-Telegram.Elyria, Ohio. July 26, 1975. p. 16.Archivedfrom the original on March 29, 2022.RetrievedMarch 28,2022– via NewspaperArchive.
  2. ^"Facility Technical Data for WCPN".Licensing and Management System.Federal Communications Commission.
  3. ^Fybush, Scott (July 11, 2014)."Site of the Week 7/11/2014: Cleveland's Ideastream".Fybush.com.Archivedfrom the original on April 1, 2022.RetrievedApril 1,2022– via RadioBB.
  4. ^"Ex-Marionite Is President of New FM Radio Station".The Marion Star.Marion, Ohio. May 17, 1975. p. 3.Archivedfrom the original on March 29, 2022.RetrievedMarch 29,2022– via Newspapers.com.
  5. ^ab"FM station to go on air in June".The Chronicle-Telegram.Elyria, Ohio. May 4, 1975. p. D2.Archivedfrom the original on March 29, 2022.RetrievedMarch 28,2022– via NewspaperArchive.
  6. ^abFCC History Cards for WCPN
  7. ^ab"WLRO loses bid for FM station".The Chronicle-Telegram.Elyria, Ohio. November 9, 1974. p. 18.Archivedfrom the original on March 29, 2022.RetrievedMarch 28,2022– via NewspaperArchive.
  8. ^"Mahling promoted by WZLE (sic)".The Chronicle-Telegram.Elyria, Ohio. June 22, 1975. p. D5.Archivedfrom the original on March 29, 2022.RetrievedMarch 28,2022– via NewspaperArchive.
  9. ^Osborne, Richard J. (July 6, 2001)."WCLV a shoo-in for continued success".The Morning Journal.Lorain, Ohio.Archivedfrom the original on March 29, 2022.RetrievedMarch 28,2022– via NewsBank.
  10. ^Misichko, Kathy (May 9, 1980)."Living on the air in Lorain County".The Chronicle-Telegram Encore.Elyria, Ohio. p. 3.Archivedfrom the original on March 29, 2022.RetrievedMarch 28,2022– via NewsBank.
  11. ^Mueller, Jim (February 22, 1977)."Vermilion council OKs new at-large member".The Chronicle-Telegram.Elyria, Ohio. p. 6.Archivedfrom the original on March 29, 2022.RetrievedMarch 28,2022– via NewspaperArchive.
  12. ^"Magic Number is '2' for Lorain Catholic".The Chronicle-Telegram.Elyria, Ohio. March 25, 1976. p. D1.Archivedfrom the original on March 29, 2022.RetrievedMarch 28,2022– via NewspaperArchive.
  13. ^abcJewell, Shannon (July 29, 1978)."WZLE radio grows on 3rd birthday".The Chronicle-Telegram.Elyria, Ohio. p. 10.Archivedfrom the original on March 29, 2022.RetrievedMarch 28,2022– via NewspaperArchive.
  14. ^"Maria C. Barbatano, Robert D. Tayek wed".The Chronicle-Telegram.Elyria, Ohio. April 3, 1976. p. 4.Archivedfrom the original on March 29, 2022.RetrievedMarch 28,2022– via NewspaperArchive.
  15. ^Jewell, Shannon (November 9, 1985)."Wedding bells delayed, so Denise will stay—for awhile".The Chronicle-Telegram.Elyria, Ohio. p. A6.Archivedfrom the original on March 29, 2022.RetrievedMarch 28,2022– via NewspaperArchive.
  16. ^"Jim Hale joins WZLE-FM radio".The Chronicle-Telegram.November 24, 1977. p. E7.Archivedfrom the original on March 29, 2022.RetrievedMarch 28,2022– via NewspaperArchive.
  17. ^Remensky, Carl (July 1, 1978)."Jim Hale hoping to anchor in top market".The Chronicle-Telegram.Elyria, Ohio. p. 15.Archivedfrom the original on March 29, 2022.RetrievedMarch 28,2022– via NewspaperArchive.
  18. ^Reed, Carol (December 18, 1977)."71 isn't too old to start a new career".The Chronicle-Telegram.Elyria, Ohio. p. E7.RetrievedMarch 28,2022– via NewspaperArchive.
  19. ^ab"Scott Miller joins WZLE".The Chronicle-Telegram.Elyria, Ohio. March 13, 1980. p. E2.Archivedfrom the original on March 29, 2022.RetrievedMarch 28,2022– via NewspaperArchive.
  20. ^"Disc jockey miserable".News-Journal.Mansfield, Ohio. Associated Press. December 23, 1979. p. 9A.Archivedfrom the original on March 29, 2022.RetrievedMarch 28,2022– via Newspapers.com.
  21. ^Reed, Nancy (April 7, 1980)."Ex-Oberlin DJ under FCC probe".The Chronicle-Telegram.Elyria, Ohio. p. B2.Archivedfrom the original on March 29, 2022.RetrievedMarch 28,2022– via NewspaperArchive.
  22. ^"WZLE bows out of tourney, but will air prep athletics".The Chronicle-Telegram.Elyria, Ohio. March 18, 1980. p. B5.Archivedfrom the original on March 29, 2022.RetrievedMarch 28,2022– via NewspaperArchive.
  23. ^Tomaszewski, Mark (July 27, 1980)."Jim Allen moves over to WZLE".The Lorain Journal.Lorain, Ohio. p. 45.Archivedfrom the original on December 2, 2022.RetrievedDecember 2,2022– via NewsBank.
  24. ^"WZLE Changes Style and Dial".The Lorain Journal.Lorain, Ohio. March 21, 1980. p. 16.Archivedfrom the original on December 2, 2022.RetrievedDecember 2,2022– via NewsBank.
  25. ^Jacob, Bob (September 30, 1982)."Prep sports continue on airwaves despite sagging economy".The Chronicle-Telegram.Elyria, Ohio. p. E1.RetrievedMarch 28,2022– via NewspaperArchive.
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  27. ^"Behind Closed Doors: Tuneful goodbye".The Lorain Journal.Lorain, Ohio. June 19, 1983. p. 5.Archivedfrom the original on December 2, 2022.RetrievedDecember 2,2022– via NewsBank.
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  30. ^abSmith, Matt (June 16, 1983)."Gospel radio station takes to Lorain airwaves".The Lorain Journal.Lorain, Ohio. p. 5.Archivedfrom the original on December 2, 2022.RetrievedDecember 1,2022– via NewsBank.
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  36. ^Grossman, Linn (November 22, 1985)."Ballroom anyone? Antlers owner looking for tenant".The Chronicle-Telegram.Elyria, Ohio. p. B1.Archivedfrom the original on March 29, 2022.RetrievedMarch 29,2022– via NewspaperArchive.
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  40. ^Petee, Evan Lance; Koperdak, Carolyn (September 14, 1991)."Radio station vandalized".The Morning Journal.Lorain, Ohio. p. 13.Archivedfrom the original on December 2, 2022.RetrievedDecember 1,2022– via NewsBank.
  41. ^Sowd, David (May 10, 1991)."WHK remembers its heydays".The Plain Dealer.Cleveland, Ohio.Archivedfrom the original on March 29, 2022.RetrievedMarch 27,2022– via NewsBank.
  42. ^"WZLE builds tallest radio tower in county".The Chronicle-Telegram.Elyria, Ohio. May 2, 1991. p. B2.Archivedfrom the original on March 29, 2022.RetrievedMarch 28,2022– via NewspaperArchive.
  43. ^"Our tower tallest in the county: WNWV".The Chronicle-Telegram.Elyria, Ohio. May 3, 1991. p. C2.Archivedfrom the original on March 29, 2022.RetrievedMarch 28,2022– via NewspaperArchive.
  44. ^abcdBaranick, Alana (May 13, 2000)."Christian radio gala reunion for WZLE: Defunct station's morning show team to greet fans".The Plain Dealer.Cleveland, Ohio. p. 1F.Archivedfrom the original on March 29, 2022.RetrievedMarch 27,2022– via NewsBank.
  45. ^Santiago, Roberto (August 12, 1993)."Gospels go rap at Christian station".The Plain Dealer.Cleveland, Ohio. p. 10C.Archivedfrom the original on March 29, 2022.RetrievedMarch 27,2022– via NewsBank.
  46. ^Hershey, William (September 1, 1994)."Young men learn the game of life".Akron Beacon Journal.Akron, Ohio. pp. A1,A16.Archivedfrom the original on March 29, 2022.RetrievedMarch 27,2022– via Newspapers.com.
  47. ^Brown, Roger (June 9, 1996)."DJ likes to spread the Word: WZLE'S Palmer keeps God on air".The Plain Dealer.Cleveland, Ohio. p. 2J.Archivedfrom the original on March 29, 2022.RetrievedMarch 27,2022– via NewsBank.
  48. ^Dolgan, Bob (December 17, 1996)."Glad You Asked".The Plain Dealer.Cleveland, Ohio. p. 6D.Archivedfrom the original on March 29, 2022.RetrievedMarch 27,2022– via NewsBank.
  49. ^Brown, Roger (March 31, 1997)."Comic to test his talents at 'Jammin' 92'".The Plain Dealer.Cleveland, Ohio. p. 7D.Archivedfrom the original on March 29, 2022.RetrievedMarch 27,2022– via NewsBank.
  50. ^abBrown, Steve (January 30, 1999)."WZLE changes owners, but not format".The Chronicle-Telegram.Elyria, Ohio. pp. A1,A8.Archivedfrom the original on March 29, 2022.RetrievedMarch 28,2022– via NewspaperArchive.
  51. ^Brown, Roger (January 4, 1999)."Radio still has some magic left".The Plain Dealer.Cleveland, Ohio. p. 3E.Archivedfrom the original on March 29, 2022.RetrievedMarch 27,2022– via NewsBank.
  52. ^abcdFeran, Tom (May 19, 1999)."WJMO gives up soul for gospel".The Plain Dealer.Cleveland, Ohio. p. 2E.Archivedfrom the original on March 29, 2022.RetrievedMarch 27,2022– via NewsBank.
  53. ^abcVidika, Ron (May 22, 1999)."Christian radio station changes format: WZLE now belts out pop, rock".The Morning Journal.Lorain, Ohio. p. D1.Archivedfrom the original on December 2, 2022.RetrievedDecember 1,2022– via NewsBank.
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  55. ^"Cedar Point tickets gone from Lorain radio station".The Morning Journal.Lorain, Ohio. June 19, 1999. p. D2.Archivedfrom the original on December 1, 2022.RetrievedDecember 1,2022– via NewsBank.
  56. ^Feran, Tom (June 15, 1999)."Channel 3 adds half-hour to evening, morning news".The Plain Dealer.Cleveland, Ohio. p. 4E.Archivedfrom the original on March 29, 2022.RetrievedMarch 27,2022– via NewsBank.
  57. ^abFeran, Tom (September 25, 1999)."Swoboda backs to news as anchor on TV-5 at 11".The Plain Dealer.Cleveland, Ohio. p. 6E.Archivedfrom the original on March 29, 2022.RetrievedMarch 27,2022– via NewsBank.
  58. ^abFeran, Tom (May 26, 1999)."One station may have to kiss name goodbye".The Plain Dealer.Cleveland, Ohio. p. 1E.Archivedfrom the original on March 29, 2022.RetrievedMarch 27,2022– via NewsBank.
  59. ^Scire, Dawn E. (September 12, 1999)."Jazz station cuts morning team, extra talk".Sarasota Herald-Tribune CLICK.Sarasota, Florida. p. 13.Archivedfrom the original on March 29, 2022.RetrievedMarch 27,2022– via NewsBank.
  60. ^Feran, Tom (November 9, 1999)."Akron station switches to ESPN programs".The Plain Dealer.Cleveland, Ohio. p. 3E.Archivedfrom the original on March 29, 2022.RetrievedMarch 27,2022– via NewsBank.
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  65. ^Feran, Tom (September 2, 1999)."Bottom-line radio drives out WMJI jock Heggs".The Plain Dealer.Cleveland, Ohio. p. 5E.Archivedfrom the original on March 29, 2022.RetrievedMarch 27,2022– via NewsBank.
  66. ^Feran, Tom (October 26, 1999)."Anchor Dick Russ moved from Channel 8 to TV-3".The Plain Dealer.Cleveland, Ohio. p. 4E.Archivedfrom the original on March 29, 2022.RetrievedMarch 27,2022– via NewsBank.
  67. ^Fenske, Sarah (March 16, 2000)."Radio station eyes tower site".The Morning Journal.Lorain, Ohio. p. B1.Archivedfrom the original on December 2, 2022.RetrievedDecember 1,2022– via NewsBank.
  68. ^"Application Search Details: File Number BMPH-19991206ADK".Federal Communications Commission.Washington, D.C.Archivedfrom the original on December 2, 2022.RetrievedDecember 1,2022.
  69. ^abcdeRosenberg, Donald; Feran, Tom (November 2, 2000)."Arts group will take ownership of WCLV".The Plain Dealer.Cleveland, Ohio. p. 1A.Archivedfrom the original on March 29, 2022.RetrievedSeptember 22,2021– via NewsBank.
  70. ^abFeran, Tom (November 8, 2000)."Completing the score on WCLV deal".The Plain Dealer.Cleveland, Ohio. p. 1E.Archivedfrom the original on March 29, 2022.RetrievedSeptember 22,2021– via NewsBank.
  71. ^abQuinn, Jim (June 18, 2001)."Seven area radio stations will play musical chairs".Akron Beacon Journal.Akron, Ohio. pp. A1,A5.Archivedfrom the original on August 15, 2021.RetrievedAugust 14,2021– via Newspapers.com.
  72. ^abO'Connor, Clint (May 18, 2001)."WKNR's move to 850 will bump WRMR off the air".The Plain Dealer.Cleveland, Ohio. p. 7D.Archivedfrom the original on March 29, 2022.RetrievedSeptember 22,2021– via NewsBank.
  73. ^O'Connor, Clint (May 25, 2001)."Senior listeners are the losers in radio game".The Plain Dealer.Cleveland, Ohio. p. 1E.Archivedfrom the original on March 29, 2022.RetrievedSeptember 22,2021– via NewsBank.
  74. ^O'Connor, Clint (June 1, 2001)."Classic pop radio will stay alive here: Actually will expand on WCLV AM".The Plain Dealer.Cleveland, Ohio. p. 1A.Archivedfrom the original on March 29, 2022.RetrievedSeptember 22,2021– via NewsBank.
  75. ^O'Connor, Clint (July 2, 2001)."DO touch that dial: Six radio stations switch frequencies".The Plain Dealer.Cleveland, Ohio. p. 1C.Archivedfrom the original on March 29, 2022.RetrievedSeptember 22,2021– via NewsBank.
  76. ^Quinn, Jim (June 29, 2001)."It's time to reset your radio dial: Seven stations will get new frequencies Tuesday".Akron Beacon Journal.Akron, Ohio. pp. B1,B3.Archivedfrom the original on August 15, 2021.RetrievedAugust 14,2021– via Newspapers.com.
  77. ^"95.5 WCLV moves to 104.9".Format Change Archive.July 3, 2001.Archivedfrom the original on June 25, 2021.RetrievedMay 13,2022.
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  79. ^O'Connor, Clint (July 8, 2004)."Station sale moves WHK back to former spot on the dial".The Plain Dealer.Cleveland, Ohio. p. F4.Archivedfrom the original on March 29, 2022.RetrievedAugust 19,2021– via NewsBank.
  80. ^abQuinn, Jim (July 14, 2001)."Classical music lovers turn elsewhere on dial".Akron Beacon Journal.Akron, Ohio. pp. D1,D4.Archivedfrom the original on March 29, 2022.RetrievedMarch 28,2022– via Newspapers.com.
  81. ^Guregian, Elaine (July 9, 2001)."WCLV's static stirs up Blossom, but hornist is clear".Akron Beacon Journal.Akron, Ohio. pp. D8,D12.Archivedfrom the original on March 29, 2022.RetrievedMarch 28,2022– via Newspapers.com.
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  86. ^Brown, Roger (July 31, 2006)."Indians' ratings striking out, too".The Plain Dealer.Cleveland, Ohio. p. C2.Archivedfrom the original on March 29, 2022.RetrievedSeptember 10,2021– via NewsBank.
  87. ^abO'Connor, Clint (May 12, 2001)."Fish swims in as Christian station on FM/95.5".The Plain Dealer.Cleveland, Ohio. p. 9E.Archivedfrom the original on December 26, 2022.RetrievedDecember 25,2022– via NewsBank.
  88. ^"On the air at WCLV-FM in Cleveland".The State Journal-Register.Springfield, Illinois. December 6, 2001. p. 23.Archivedfrom the original on March 29, 2022.RetrievedMarch 28,2022– via NewsBank.
  89. ^Rosenberg, Donald (October 25, 1992)."WCLV Radio heaven for highbrows: Conrad & Co. celebrating 30 good years".The Plain Dealer.Cleveland, Ohio. p. 1H.Archivedfrom the original on December 26, 2022.RetrievedDecember 25,2022– via NewsBank.
  90. ^Rosenberg, Donald (August 2, 1998)."WCLV to play full pieces on Monday marathons".The Plain Dealer.Cleveland, Ohio. p. 3I.Archivedfrom the original on December 26, 2022.RetrievedDecember 25,2022– via NewsBank.
  91. ^Rosenberg, Donald (March 29, 2001)."Bianchi signs off 37-year career at WCLV".The Plain Dealer.Cleveland, Ohio. p. 1E.Archivedfrom the original on December 26, 2022.RetrievedDecember 25,2022– via NewsBank.
  92. ^Crump, Sarah (January 26, 2000)."A warm reunion with Hancock".The Plain Dealer.Cleveland, Ohio. p. 5B.Archivedfrom the original on December 26, 2022.RetrievedDecember 25,2022– via NewsBank.
  93. ^"Hugh Danaceau, Cleveland broadcaster, dies".Lancaster Eagle-Gazette.Lancaster, Ohio. Associated Press. October 29, 2003. p. 5A.Archivedfrom the original on December 26, 2022.RetrievedDecember 25,2022– via Newspapers.com.
  94. ^Crump, Sarah (May 16, 2003)."Musical Man Show tunes are the lyric of life for radio host Bill Rudman".The Plain Dealer.Cleveland, Ohio. p. E1.Archivedfrom the original on December 26, 2022.RetrievedDecember 25,2022– via NewsBank.
  95. ^Grevatt, Martha (October 14, 2019)."Obituary: A. Grace Lee Mims: a cultural treasure".Workers World.New York, New York.Archivedfrom the original on August 28, 2020.RetrievedJuly 20,2020.
  96. ^Segall, Grant (October 7, 2019)."A. Grace Lee Mims dead at 89, pioneering host and producer of 'The Black Arts' on WCLV".The Plain Dealer.Cleveland, Ohio.Archivedfrom the original on April 18, 2022.RetrievedApril 18,2022.
  97. ^"A Forty Year WCLV Time Line (1962–1992)".WCLV.Cleveland, Ohio. Archived fromthe originalon December 17, 2011.RetrievedDecember 25,2022.... The grocery chain continued to be a WCLV spot advertiser and sponsor ofConcert Hallthrough 2003.
  98. ^Carnegie, Jim (October 22, 2004)."40 years, same sponsor".RBR's Daily Morning Epaper.Vol. 21, no. 207. Radio Business Report.Archivedfrom the original on December 7, 2004.RetrievedDecember 25,2022.
  99. ^"Karl Haas'Adventures in Good MusicBroadcasts Come to an End ".104.9 WCLV classical FM.WCLV. Archived fromthe originalon February 14, 2008.RetrievedNovember 17,2008.
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  101. ^Holley, Joe (February 8, 2005)."Classical Radio Personality Karl Haas, 91, Dies".The Washington Post.p. B06.Archivedfrom the original on July 26, 2008.RetrievedDecember 27,2022.
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  106. ^Lewis, Zachary (September 25, 2012)."Cleveland's WCLV FM/104.9 planning switch to non-commercial format".The Plain Dealer.Cleveland, Ohio.Archivedfrom the original on September 29, 2012.RetrievedSeptember 27,2012.
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  109. ^Lieszkovszky, Ida (September 15, 2021)."WKSU And Ideastream Public Media Enter Into Merger Agreement".Ideastream Public Media.ideastream.Archivedfrom the original on September 16, 2021.RetrievedSeptember 19,2021.Neither Ideastream Public Media or WKSU management were involved in the reporting or editing of this story, nor did they review it before publication. Ida Lieszkovszky is a freelance reporter working in Northeast Ohio. This story was reviewed by an editor outside both organizations.
  110. ^Marotta, Eric (September 14, 2021)."WKSU-Ideastream WCPN merger: Kent State board of trustees to vote on management agreement".Akron Beacon Journal.Akron, Ohio.Archivedfrom the original on December 4, 2021.RetrievedSeptember 19,2021.
  111. ^Marotta, Eric (September 9, 2021)."Are public radio stations WKSU and WCPN planning to merge?".Akron Beacon Journal.Akron, Ohio.Archivedfrom the original on December 4, 2021.RetrievedSeptember 19,2021.
  112. ^Venta, Lance (September 15, 2021)."Ideastream To Begin Operating WKSU; Swap Frequencies Of WCPN & WCLV Cleveland".RadioInsight.Archivedfrom the original on September 16, 2021.RetrievedSeptember 19,2021– via RadioBB.
  113. ^Morona, Joey (September 15, 2021)."WKSU, WCPN deal approved by Kent State, combined NPR station to operate at 89.7 FM starting in 2022".The Plain Dealer.Cleveland, Ohio.Archivedfrom the original on September 17, 2021.RetrievedSeptember 19,2021.
  114. ^abVenta, Lance (February 25, 2022)."Ideastream Sets Cleveland Public Radio Frequency Change Date".RadioInsight.Archivedfrom the original on February 25, 2022.RetrievedFebruary 25,2022.
  115. ^Gaetjens, Bob (September 15, 2021)."WKSU expected to merge with Cleveland's Ideastream by Oct. 1 following Kent State trustees approval".Record-Courier.Canton, Ohio.Archivedfrom the original on September 17, 2021.RetrievedSeptember 19,2021.
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[edit]
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