1400s in England

1400s in England

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Events from the1400s inEngland.

Incumbents

• Monarch–Henry IV

Events

• 1400
  • January –Henry IVquells theEpiphany Risingand executes theEarlsofKent,HuntingdonandSalisburyand theBaronle Despencerfor their attempt to haveRichard IIrestored as King.
  • 14 February – death of the deposed Richard II inPontefract Castle.His body is displayed inold St Paul's Cathedral,London, on 17 February before initial burial inKings LangleyChurch on 6 March.
  • February –Henry Percy (Hotspur)leads English incursions intoScotland.
  • 23 May –Newcastle upon Tyneis granted a new royal charter, creating it acounty corporate.
  • 25 July –English invasion of Scotland (1400):Henry IV leads his army north from a muster at York.
  • Mid-August – the English army camp atLeithnearEdinburghbut fail to besiegeEdinburgh Castle.
  • 16 September –Owain Glyndŵris proclaimedPrince of Walesby his followers and begins attacking English strongholds in north-eastWales,beginning theGlyndŵr Rising.
  • 24 September – Welsh rebels invade England, but are turned back atWelshpool.
  • October – Henry launches a punitive campaign against north Wales.
  • December –Manuel II Palaiologosbecomes the onlyByzantine Emperorever to visit England, being entertained atEltham Palace.
• 1401
  • Passing of theDe heretico comburendoAct – theArchbishop of Canterburypressures King Henry IV into outlawing ashereticsanyone owning anEnglishtranslation of theBible.Death by burningis the punishment for heresy.
  • 2 March –William Sawtrey,aLollard,is the first person to be burned at the stake atSmithfield.
  • June –Battle of Mynydd Hyddgen;outnumbered three to one, Welsh rebels defeat Anglo-Flemish force near Aberystwyth.
  • June –English Palein Ireland reduced toDublin,County Kildare,County Louth,andCounty Meath.
  • 2 November –Battle of Tuthillnear Caernarfon; English and Welsh forces both sustain losses with no clear victor.
  • December – Glyndŵr firmly establishes control over northern Wales.
• 1402
  • 22 June
    • Battle of Nesbit Moor:An English force decisively defeats a returningScottishraiding party.
    • Battle of Bryn Glas:Glyndŵr's Welsh army defeat the English on the England/Wales border;Edmund Mortimer,son of the 3rd Earl, is taken and defects to the Welsh cause.
  • August –Glamorganjoins Glyndŵr's revolt.
  • 14 September –Battle of Humbleton Hill:Northern English nobles led by SirHenry Percy (Hotspur)and usinglongbowsdecisively defeat a Scottish raiding army and capture their leader, theEarl of Douglas.
  • September – The English Parliament passespenal Laws against Waleswhich stop the Welsh fromgathering together,obtaining office,carrying armsand living in English towns. Any Englishman who marries a Welsh woman also comes under the laws.
• 1403
  • 7 February – KingHenry IV of Englandmarries as his second wifeJoan of Navarre,the daughter of KingCharles II of Navarreand widow ofJohn IV, Duke of Brittany,atWinchester Cathedral.
  • 21 July –Battle of Shrewsbury:Henry IV defeats a rebel army led by "Hotspur" Percy who has allied with the Welsh princeOwain Glyndŵr.Percy is killed in the battle by an arrow in his face.
  • August – William du Chastel leads a French raid onPlymouthwhich causes substantial damage.
  • Late Summer – King Henry IV is beaten by Owain Glyndŵr at theBattle of Stalling Down.
  • October – a fleet organised byJohn Hawleyof Dartmouth and Thomas Norton of Bristol seizes seven French merchant vessels in theEnglish Channel.
  • November – a revenge raid on Brittany by Sir William Wilford captures 40 ships and causes considerable damage ashore.
  • December – local forces defeat an attempted French raid on theIsle of WightunderWaleran III, Count of Ligny.
  • A guild of stationers is founded in theCity of London.As theWorshipful Company of Stationers and Newspaper Makers(the "Stationers' Company" ), it continues to be aLivery Companyin the 21st century.
• 1404
  • 14 January – Henry grants Parliament the power to appoint Royal Councillors and hold them to account for expenditure.
  • April or May –Battle of Blackpool Sands:Local forces led byJohn Hawleydefeat an attempted raid fromSaint-Maloon the port ofDartmouth, Devon;the French commander, William du Chastel, is killed.
  • 10 May – Glyndŵr holds a Parliament atDolgellau.
  • 14 June – Owain Glyndŵr, having been declaredPrince of Wales,allies with theFrenchagainst the English.
  • 6 October – Parliament meets atCoventry;Henry withdraws its powers of oversight over the Royal Council.
• 1405
  • 11 March –Battle of Grosmont(Monmouthshire): English defeat Welsh rebels.
  • April –Richard Scrope,Archbishop of York, joinsHenry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland,andLord Bardolfin a rebellion in northern England.
  • 5 May –Battle of Usk:English defeat Welsh rebels.
  • 8 June – following the collapse of their revolt, Richard Scrope together withThomas de Mowbray, 4th Earl of Norfolk,and Scrope's nephew, Sir William Plumpton, are tried by a special commission and beheaded at York.Scrope is the first English prelate to suffer judicial execution.
  • August – Welsh rebels, assisted by the French, unsuccessfully attackWorcester.
  • Hundred Years' War:French attackAquitaine.
• 1406
  • 1 March – Parliament meets, and continues to sit until December, when it finally achieves its aims of nominating and ensuring the payment of members of the Royal Council.
  • 30 March – the heir to the Scottish throne, Prince James, having been captured by English pirates on 22 March, is detained in England.On 4 April he becomes KingJames I of Scotlandon the death of his father but remains detained in England for 18 years.
  • 13 October –Richard Whittingtonis elected asLord Mayor of Londonfor his second full term.
  • English ships attackBrodick Castleon theIsle of Arran.
  • Eric of PomeraniamarriesPhilippa,daughter of Henry IV.
  • Richard, Earl of Cambridge,marriesAnne de Mortimer.
• 1407
  • October –Henry, Prince of Wales,besieges Welsh rebels atAberystwyth.
  • Central tower ofYork Minstercollapses.
  • David HolbachefoundsOswestry School.
• 1408
  • February –Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland,andLord Bardolfadvance with troops from exile in Scotland toThirskwhere they issue a proclamation that they have come to relieve the people from unjust taxation.
  • 19 February –Battle of Bramham Moor:Thomas de Rokeby,Sheriff of Yorkshire, suppresses the Percy rebellion in the north,Percy and Bardolf both being killed.
  • September – Henry, Prince of Wales, retakes Aberystwyth fromOwain Glyndŵr.
  • Glass painterJohn Thorntonof Coventry completes the largest medieval window in England, atYork Minster.
• 1409
  • January – the Welsh surrenderHarlech Castleto the English.
  • 28 February – Henry, Prince of Wales, appointed Constable ofDoverandWarden of the Cinque Ports.
  • Beverley Barbuilt as the North Gate ofBeverleyin theEast Riding of Yorkshire.

Births

• 1400
  • 25 December –John Sutton, 1st Baron Dudley,Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (died 1487)
  • Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury,English politician (died 1460)
• 1401
  • 26 November –Henry Beaufort, 2nd Earl of Somerset(died 1418)
• 1402
  • 15 August –Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham(died 1460)
• 1403
  • Robert Wingfield,politician (died 1454)
• 1404
  • 25 March (baptism) –John Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset,military leader (died 1444)
  • Approximate date –Alice Chaucer, Duchess of Suffolk,courtier and patron of the arts (died 1475)
• 1406
  • 26 September –Thomas de Ros, 8th Baron de Ros,soldier and politician (died 1430)
• 1407
  • Thomas de Littleton,judge (born c. 1407)
• 1408
  • 14 February –John FitzAlan, 14th Earl of Arundel(died 1435)
  • 23 April –John de Vere, 12th Earl of Oxford(died 1462)

Deaths

• 1400
  • 5 January
    • John Montacute, 3rd Earl of Salisbury,politician (executed) (born 1350)
    • Thomas Holland, 1st Duke of Surrey,politician (executed) (born 1374)
  • 13 January –Thomas le Despenser, 1st Earl of Gloucester,politician (executed) (born 1373)
  • 16 January –John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter,politician (executed) (born c. 1352)
  • 14 February – KingRichard II(possibly murdered) (born 1367)
  • 21 August –Henry Yevele,master mason (born c. 1320)
  • 25 October –Geoffrey Chaucer,poet (born c. 1343)
  • Ralph Strode,scholar (born 1350)
  • Winter 1400/01 –Alice Perrers,mistress of King Edward III (born c. 1348)
• 1401
  • March –William Sawtrey,Lollardmartyr (burned at the stake) (year of birth unknown)
  • 8 April (or 8 August) –Thomas Beauchamp, 12th Earl of Warwick(born 1338)
• 1402
  • 1 August –Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York,son of KingEdward III(born 1341)
• 1403
  • 10 May –Katherine Swynford,widow ofJohn of Gaunt(born c. 1350)
  • 12 May –William de Lode,prior (year of birth unknown)
  • 21 July
    • Henry Percy,soldier (killed in battle) (born 1364/1366)
    • Edmund Stafford, 5th Earl of Stafford(killed in battle) (born 1378)
  • 23 July –Thomas Percy, 1st Earl of Worcester,rebel (executed) (born 1343)
• 1404
  • 27 September –William of Wykeham,bishop and statesman (born 1320)
• 1405
  • 12 January –Eleanor Maltravers,noblewoman (born 1345)
  • 17 August –Thomas West, 1st Baron West(born 1335)
• 1406
  • 6 January –Roger Walden,bishop (year of birth unknown)
• 1408
  • 20 February –Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland,statesman (born 1341)
  • 10/11 April –Elizabeth le Despenser,noblewoman (year of birth unknown)
  • 30 December –John Hawley,merchant, mayor and MP for Dartmouth and privateer (born c. 1340s)
• 1409
  • January – SirEdmund Mortimer, son of the 3rd Earl of March,rebel (born 1376)
  • 22 May –Blanche of England,sister of King Henry V (born 1392)
  • Thomas Merke,bishop (year of birth unknown)