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A European automotive trade association, CLEPA, estimated in 2018 that as many as 1 of every 10 new vehicles in 2025 would use at least one 48 volt device in the vehicle, that is 15 million vehicles per year.<ref name=clepa2018/>
A European automotive trade association, CLEPA, estimated in 2018 that as many as 1 of every 10 new vehicles in 2025 would use at least one 48 volt device in the vehicle, that is 15 million vehicles per year.<ref name=clepa2018/>


In March 2023, [[Tesla, Inc.|Tesla Inc.]] revealed that their Cybertruck and [[Tesla next-generation vehicle|next-generation]] vehicle will be utilizing a 48-volt subsystemforthe low-voltage system, migratingofthelegacy high-power12–16voltsystemvoltagecomponentsto 48V.As an [[electric vehicle]], Cybertruck utilizes 800 volts on the high-voltage side for propulsion and regenerative braking.<ref name=inevs20230311>{{cite news |title=Tesla Confirms The Switch To 48 Volt System |url=https://insideevs.com/news/656775/tesla-switch-48v-voltage-system/ |work=InsideEVs |date=11 March 2023 |access-date=21 December 2023 }}</ref>Principal benefit of 48 V is cost reduction and weight savings on copper. First Cybertruck deliveries were made on November 30, 2023.<ref>{{Cite news |url= https://eu.usatoday.com/story/money/cars/2023/11/30/tesla-cybertruck-event-livestream-how-to-watch/71754394007/ |title= What we learned from the Tesla Cybertruck delivery event about price, range and more |website= [[USA Today|eu.usatoday.com]] |first= Bailey |last= Schulz |date= November 30, 2023 |access-date= December 7, 2023}}</ref>
In March 2023, [[Tesla, Inc.|Tesla Inc.]] revealed that their Cybertruck and [[Tesla next-generation vehicle|next-generation]] vehicle will be utilizing a 48-voltmid-voltagesubsystemas an extension ofthe low-voltage system, migrating thelow-voltagecomponentswithhighestpowerdemandto 48V. Principal benefit of 48 V is cost reduction and weight savings on copper. First Cybertruck deliveries were made on November 30, 2023.<ref>{{Cite news |url= https://eu.usatoday.com/story/money/cars/2023/11/30/tesla-cybertruck-event-livestream-how-to-watch/71754394007/ |title= What we learned from the Tesla Cybertruck delivery event about price, range and more |website= [[USA Today|eu.usatoday.com]] |first= Bailey |last= Schulz |date= November 30, 2023 |access-date= December 7, 2023}}</ref>


In December 2023, in order to accelerate the adoption by other automakers of 48 V system voltage for automotive components, Tesla offered a "48-volt electrical system whitepaper to all industry leaders. [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] CEO [[Jim Farley (businessman)|Jim Farley]] confirmed it got a copy and agreed to 'help the supply base move into the 48-volt future.'" <ref name=autoev20231215/> Tesla plans to also use 48 V system voltage for its [[Optimus (robot)|Optimus robot]], which will further increase industry demand for 48 V motors, actuators, and control circuitry.<ref name=autoev20231215>{{cite news |title=5 Tesla Cybertruck Features That Didn't Make It Into Production and Five No One Saw Coming |url=https://www.autoevolution.com/news/5-tesla-cybertruck-features-that-didn-t-make-it-into-production-and-five-no-one-saw-coming-225831.html# |work=AutoEvolution |date=10 December 2023 |access-date=18 December 2023 }}</ref>
In December 2023, in order to accelerate the adoption by other automakers of 48 V system voltage for automotive components, Tesla offered a "48-volt electrical system whitepaper to all industry leaders. [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] CEO [[Jim Farley (businessman)|Jim Farley]] confirmed it got a copy and agreed to 'help the supply base move into the 48-volt future.'" <ref name=autoev20231215/> Tesla plans to also use 48 V system voltage for its [[Optimus (robot)|Optimus robot]], which will further increase industry demand for 48 V motors, actuators, and control circuitry.<ref name=autoev20231215>{{cite news |title=5 Tesla Cybertruck Features That Didn't Make It Into Production and Five No One Saw Coming |url=https://www.autoevolution.com/news/5-tesla-cybertruck-features-that-didn-t-make-it-into-production-and-five-no-one-saw-coming-225831.html# |work=AutoEvolution |date=10 December 2023 |access-date=18 December 2023 }}</ref>

Revision as of 00:00, 23 December 2023

Inautomobiles,48-volt DC electrical systemvoltage was being increasingly used in the late 2010s to add electric power boost to the propulsion and regeneration during braking for fuel savings in internal combustion engine vehicles, especiallymild hybridvehicles, while retaining a legacy 12-volt electrical system in the vehicle to power lights, engine accessories and infotainment.[1]

History

In the 1990s, an attempt to use42-volt electrical systemby a cross-industry standards group failed to catch on, and was abandoned by 2009.[2]During the 2010s, renewed interest arose for a 48-volt low-voltage standard for powering automotive electronics, especially inhybrid vehicles.[3]

In 2011, five German car manufacturers (Audi, BMW, Daimler, Porsche und Volkswagen)[4]agreed on a 48V on-board electric power supply network supplementing the current 12V network.[5]

In model year 2017,Renault ScenicdCi Hybrid Assist was the first 48V mild-hybrid passenger car.

As of 2018, a 48-volt electrical subsystem had been applied in production vehicles such asPorscheandBentleySUVs.AudiandMercedes-Benzused a 48-volt subsystem in 2018 vehicles such as A6, A7, A8 with 3.0 TDI 48V mild-hybrid, CLS, E-Class, S-Class with M256 3.0 Turbo Otto 48V Mild-Hybrid.[6]

Hyundai Tucson,Hyundai Santa Fe,Kia CeedandKia Sportagefollowed in model year 2019 with and 1.6 and 2.0 turbodiesel engines supported by 48V mild-hybrid technology.

Other car manufacturers, such asFiat Chrysler Automobiles(FCA),VolkswagenandToyotawere considering 48-volt systems for their "mild hybrids".[7]

A European automotive trade association, CLEPA, estimated in 2018 that as many as 1 of every 10 new vehicles in 2025 would use at least one 48 volt device in the vehicle, that is 15 million vehicles per year.[8]

In March 2023,Tesla Inc.revealed that their Cybertruck andnext-generationvehicle will be utilizing a 48-volt mid-voltage subsystem as an extension of the low-voltage system, migrating the low-voltage components with highest power demand to 48V. Principal benefit of 48 V is cost reduction and weight savings on copper. First Cybertruck deliveries were made on November 30, 2023.[9]

In December 2023, in order to accelerate the adoption by other automakers of 48 V system voltage for automotive components, Tesla offered a "48-volt electrical system whitepaper to all industry leaders.FordCEOJim Farleyconfirmed it got a copy and agreed to 'help the supply base move into the 48-volt future.' "[10]Tesla plans to also use 48 V system voltage for itsOptimus robot,which will further increase industry demand for 48 V motors, actuators, and control circuitry.[10]

Benefits

In internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, a 48-volt electrical system can provide more power, improveenergy recuperation,[8]and allow up to an 85% decrease of cable mass.[11]

With a 12-volt electrical system power may be 3.5 kilowatts; with a 48-volt power may be 15 to 20 kW. Some 48-volt systems could provide up to 50 kW. Also, 48 volts is below the voltage that is considered safe without special protective measures.[12]

See also

References

  1. ^Tracy, David (January 13, 2017)."Everything You Need To Know About The Upcoming 48-Volt Electrical Revolution In Cars".Jalopnik.
  2. ^Allen, Mike (1 October 2009)."Whatever Happened to the 42-Volt Car?".Popular Mechanics.Retrieved15 December2023.
  3. ^Why Cars Are Moving to 48-Volt Electrical Systems, Bill Howard April 26, 2017 https://www.extremetech.com/cars/247889-cars-moving-48-volt-electrical-systems
  4. ^Vollmer, Alfred (June 14, 2011)."Deutsche OEMs setzen Standards".all-electronics(in German).
  5. ^Hammerschmidt, Christoph (June 16, 2011)."German carmakers agree on 48V on-board supply, charging plug".eeNews Automotive.
  6. ^Mayersohn, Norman (February 8, 2018)."To Power the Future, Carmakers Flip on 48-Volt Systems".The New York Times(subscription required).
  7. ^Why Your Next Car Might Use 48-Volt Technology, Keith Barry, April 23, 2018 https://www.consumerreports.org/automotive-technology/why-your-next-car-might-use-48-volt-technology/
  8. ^ab48 VOLT: A proven technology to reduce CO2 and NOx emission,CLEPA,2018 https://clepa.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/CLEPA-48v-technology.pdf
  9. ^Schulz, Bailey (November 30, 2023)."What we learned from the Tesla Cybertruck delivery event about price, range and more".eu.usatoday.com.RetrievedDecember 7,2023.
  10. ^ab"5 Tesla Cybertruck Features That Didn't Make It Into Production and Five No One Saw Coming".AutoEvolution.10 December 2023.Retrieved18 December2023.
  11. ^48-V Systems: What You Need to Know as Automakers Say Goodbye to 12 V, 21 July 2023, Today, 48-V power systems are already helping improve the efficiency and performance of ICE and mild hybrid vehicles, but they will become an essential technology for tomorrow's EVs, Lee Goldberg, Related To: Electronic Design https://www.electronicdesign.com/markets/automotive/article/21269271/electronic-design-48v-systems-what-you-need-to-know-as-automakers-say-goodbye-to-12-v
  12. ^Texas Instruments Bullish on 48-Volt Automotive Systems, Dan Carney, March 31, 2021 https://www.designnews.com/electronics/texas-instruments-bullish-on-48-volt-automotive-systems
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