1075

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	10th century 11th century 12th century
Decades:	1050s 1060s 1070s 1080s 1090s
Years:	1072 1073 1074 1075 1076 1077 1078

1075 in variouscalendars

Gregorian calendar	1075 MLXXV
Ab urbe condita	1828
Armenian calendar	524 ԹՎ ՇԻԴ
Assyrian calendar	5825
Balinese saka calendar	996–997
Bengali calendar	482
Berber calendar	2025
English Regnal year	9Will. 1– 10Will. 1
Buddhist calendar	1619
Burmese calendar	437
Byzantine calendar	6583–6584
Chinese calendar	Giáp dầnNiên (WoodTiger) 3772 or 3565 — to — Ất mão niên (WoodRabbit) 3773 or 3566
Coptic calendar	791–792
Discordian calendar	2241
Ethiopian calendar	1067–1068
Hebrew calendar	4835–4836
Hindu calendars
-Vikram Samvat	1131–1132
-Shaka Samvat	996–997
-Kali Yuga	4175–4176
Holocene calendar	11075
Igbo calendar	75–76
Iranian calendar	453–454
Islamic calendar	467–468
Japanese calendar	Jōhō2 ( thừa bảo ２ niên )
Javanese calendar	979–980
Julian calendar	1075 MLXXV
Korean calendar	3408
Minguo calendar	837 beforeROC Dân tiền 837 niên
Nanakshahi calendar	−393
Seleucid era	1386/1387AG
Thai solar calendar	1617–1618
Tibetan calendar	Dương mộc hổ niên (male Wood-Tiger) 1201 or 820 or 48 — to — Âm mộc thỏ niên (female Wood-Rabbit) 1202 or 821 or 49

Modern artist impression ofShen Kuo

Year1075(MLXXV) was acommon year starting on Thursday(link will display the full calendar) of theJulian calendar.

Events

By place

Africa

• TheKingdom of Mapungubweis established, in modern-daySouth Africa.

Byzantine Empire

• The future Emperor Alexios Komnenos captures the Norman rebelRoussel de BailleulinAmaseia.Roussel had established a principality in easternAnatoliain 1073 after rebelling against EmperorMichael VII Doukas,basing his power on his western mercenaries and local support in exchange for protection against invading Turkmen.

Europe

• June 9– FirstBattle of Langensalza:EmperorHenry IVdefeats the Saxon nobles on theRiver UnstrutnearLangensalzainThuringia(modernGermany). He subjugatesSaxony,and immediately tries to reassert his rights as the sovereign of northernItaly.
• Anund Gårdskeis deposed as king ofSvealand(also calledSweden proper). KingHåkan the RedofGötalandproclaims himself ruler of allSweden.

England

• Revolt of the Earls:The EarlsRalph de Gael,Roger de BreteuilandWaltheof,begin a revolt against KingWilliam I(the Conqueror) in the last serious act of resistance to theNorman Conquest.
• Roger de Breteuil is brought before theGreat Council.He is deprived of his lands and sentenced to perpetual imprisonment. Ralph de Gael and Waltheof are charged as co-conspirators.
• August 25–Council of London:ArchbishopLanfrancinstigates the movement of English bishoprics. One of these is the bishopric ofSherborneandWiltonwhich is moved toOld Sarum.

Asia

• Summer –Shen Kuo,Chinesepolymathscientist and statesman, solves a border dispute with theLiao Dynastyby dredging up old diplomatic records. He refutes EmperorDao Zong's bluffs point for point during a meeting at Mt. Yongan (near modern-dayPingquan), reestablishing the rightful borders of theSong Dynasty.
• Vietnamese forces under GeneralLý Thường KiệtdefendVietnamagainst a Chinese invasion.
• The Liao Dynasty version of the BuddhistTripiṭakais completed (approximate date).

By topic

Religion

• February – PopeGregory VIIholds a council in theLateran PalaceatRome.He publishes a decree against laymeninvestiture(an act which will later cause theInvestiture Controversy).
• April – TheDictatus papae(a compilation of 27 statements of powers) are included in the registry of Gregory VII, in which he asserts papal authority over earthly as well as spiritual rulers.
• December 8– Gregory VII writes a letter of reprimand to Henry IV. He accuses him of breaching his word and continued support of excommunicated councilors.
• December 25– Gregory VII is kidnapped in the church duringChristmasnight in Rome and briefly imprisoned by the Roman noblemanCencio I Frangipane.

Births

• March 18–Al-Zamakhshari,Persian philosopher (d.1144)
• April 16–Orderic Vitalis,EnglishBenedictinechronicler
• June 5–Tianzuo(Yanning), last emperor of theLiao dynasty
• November 25–Taizong,emperor of theJin dynasty(d.1135)
• Adelaide del Vasto,countess andregentofSicily(d.1118)
• Bertha,queen ofAragonandNavarre(approximate date)
• Conrad I,archbishop ofSalzburg(approximate date)
• Frederick I,archbishop ofCologne(approximate date)
• Gerald de Windsor,Englishnobleman(approximate date) (d. 1135)
• Kim Bu-sik,Korean statesman and general (d.1151)
• Gisela of Burgundy, Marchioness of Montferrat,French noblewoman (d. 1135)
• Henry IX"the Black", duke ofBavaria(d.1126)
• Jaya Pala,Indian king ofKamarupa(d.1100)
• Jinadattasuri,IndianJainpoet and writer (d.1154)
• Lothair III(or II) of Supplinburg, Holy Roman Emperor (d.1137)
• Nicholas the Pilgrim,Italian shepherd and saint (d.1094)
• Norbert of Xanten,archbishop ofMagdeburg(d.1134)
• Raymond Pilet d'Alès,French nobleman (d.1120)
• Soběslav I(Sobeslaus), duke ofBohemia(d.1140)
• Svatopluk"the Lion" of Olomouc, duke ofBohemia(d.1109)
• Tancred,Italo-Norman leader of theFirst Crusade(d.1112)

Deaths

• March 29–Ottokar I(orOtakar), German nobleman
• April 2–Al-Qa'im,Abbasid caliph inBaghdad(b.1001)
• April 15–Erlembald Cotta,Italian military leader
• May 21–Richeza(orAdelaide), Hungarian queen
• June 9–Gebhard of Supplinburg,German nobleman
• June 10–Ernest(the Brave), margrave ofAustria(b.1027)
• June 23–Theodwin,prince-bishop ofLiège
• August 2–John VIII,patriarch ofConstantinople
• August 27–Minamoto no Yoriyoshi,Japanese nobleman (b.988)
• November 6–Fujiwara no Norimichi,Japanese nobleman (b.996)
• December 4–Anno II,archbishop ofCologne
• December 13–Xiao Guanyin,Chinese empress (b.1040)
• December 18–Edith of Wessex,English queen
• Alī ibn Ahmad al-Nasawī,Persian mathematician
• Al-Mamun,Andalusian emir of theTaifa of Toledo
• Amhalgaidh mac Cathal,king ofMaigh Seóla
• Anne of Kiev(orAgnes), French queen and regent
• Dedi I(orDedo), margrave of theSaxon Ostmark
• Domnall mac Murchada,king ofLeinsterandDublin
• Frederick II,German nobleman and overlord (b.1005)
• Gofraid mac Amlaíb meic Ragnaill,king of Dublin
• Gundekar II(orGunzo), bishop ofEichstätt(b.1019)
• Ibn Butlan,ArabNestorian Christianphysician (b.1038)
• Ibn Hayyan,Moorish historian and writer (b.987)
• John Xiphilinus,Byzantine historian (approximate date)
• Peter Krešimir IV(the Great), king ofCroatia(or1074)
• Rashid al-Dawla Mahmud,Mirdasid emir ofAleppo
• Siward(orSigweard), bishop ofRochester