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Tenth Dynasty of Egypt

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Tenth Dynasty of Egypt
ca. 2130 BC–ca. 2040 BC
Inscription on the tomb Khety II, nomarch of Pharaoh Merykare, Mariette
Inscription on the tomb Khety II, nomarch of PharaohMerykare,Mariette
CapitalHerakleopolis Magna
Common languagesEgyptian language
Religion
ancient Egyptian religion
GovernmentAbsolute monarchy
Historical eraBronze Age
• Established
ca. 2130 BC
• Disestablished
ca. 2040 BC
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Eighth Dynasty of Egypt
Ninth Dynasty of Egypt
Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt
Periodsanddynastiesofancient Egypt
All years areBC
Early
Pre-dynastic period
First DynastyIc.3150–2890
Second DynastyII2890–2686
Old Kingdom
Third DynastyIII2686–2613
Fourth DynastyIV2613–2498
Fifth DynastyV2498–2345
Sixth DynastyVI2345–2181
First Intermediate
Seventh DynastyVIIspurious
Eighth DynastyVIII2181–2160
Ninth DynastyIX2160–2130
Tenth DynastyX2130–2040
EarlyEleventh DynastyXI2134–2061
Middle Kingdom
LateEleventh DynastyXI2061–1991
Twelfth DynastyXII1991–1803
Thirteenth DynastyXIII1803–1649
Second Intermediate
Fourteenth DynastyXIV1705–1690
Fifteenth Dynasty(Hyksos)XV1674–1535
Sixteenth DynastyXVI1660–1600
Abydos Dynasty1650–1600
Seventeenth DynastyXVII1580–1549
New Kingdom
Eighteenth DynastyXVIII1549–1292
Nineteenth DynastyXIX1292–1189
Twentieth DynastyXX1189–1077
Third Intermediate
Twenty-first DynastyXXI1069–945
Twenty-second DynastyXXII945–720
Twenty-third DynastyXXIII837–728
Twenty-fourth DynastyXXIV732–720
Twenty-fifth Dynasty(Nubian)XXV732–653
Late Period
Twenty-sixth DynastyXXVI672–525
XXVII525–404
Twenty-eighth DynastyXXVIII404–398
Twenty-ninth DynastyXXIX398–380
Thirtieth DynastyXXX380–343
XXXI343–332
Hellenistic Egypt
Thirty-second DynastyXXXII332–305
Thirty-third DynastyXXXIII305–30
Roman Egypt
XXXIV30 BC – 313 AD
Byzantine Egypt
XXXV379 AD – 641 AD

TheTenth Dynastyofancient Egypt(Dynasty X) is often combined with the7th,8th,9thand early11thDynasties under the group titleFirst Intermediate Period.[1]

Rulers

[edit]

The 9th Dynasty was founded atHerakleopolis Magna,and the 10th Dynasty continued there. At this time Egypt was not unified, and there is some overlap between these and other local dynasties. TheTurin Canonlists eighteen kings for this royal line, but their names are damaged, unidentifiable, or lost.[2]

The following is apossiblelist of rulers of the Tenth Dynasty based on the Turin Canon, as Egyptologists have differing opinions about the order of succession within the two dynasties. Among them, only Wahkare Khety and Merykare are undoubtedly attested by archaeological finds:

Tenth Dynasty (according toHayes)(c. 2130 – 2040 BC)[3]
Name Image Comments
Meryhathor(?) Existence doubtful, known from a damaged graffito atHatnub
Neferkare VIII Might be theKaneferrementioned in the tomb of thenomarchAnkhtifi
Wahkare KhetyIII Possibly the purported author of theTeaching for King Merykare
Merykare Main opponent of theThebanpharaohMentuhotep II
[name lost] An ephemeral ( "x months" ) successor of Merykare
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References

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  1. ^Shaw, Ian, ed. (2000).The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt.Oxford University Press. p.480.ISBN0-19-815034-2.
  2. ^SirAlan Gardiner,Egypt of the Pharaohs,Oxford University Press, 1961, pp. 112-13.
  3. ^William C. Hayes,inThe Cambridge Ancient History,vol 1, part 2, 1971 (2008), Cambridge University Press,ISBN0-521-077915,p. 996.
Preceded by Dynasty of Egypt
c. 2130 – 2040 BC 		Succeeded by


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