110s BC
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This article concerns the period119 BC – 110 BC.
Events[edit]
119 BC
By place[edit]
Roman Republic[edit]
- Thesecond Dalmatian warbegins.
China[edit]
- Spring:Han Chineseforces under the General-in-ChiefWei Qingand the cavalry generalHuo Qubinginvade theXiongnu Empire.
- Battle of Mobei:Wei Qing crosses theGobi Desert,defeatsYizhixie Chanyuand kills or captures 19,000 Xiongnu.
- Huo Qubing crosses the eastern Gobi, defeats and executes Bijuqi, defeats the Tuqi (Worthy Prince) of the Left (East), and captures three kings. He reaches as far asLake Baikal.
- Failing to reconnoiter with Wei Qing's army, generalLi Guangcommits suicide after learning that Wei has prepared charges against him.
- Emperor Wucreates the rank of Grand Marshal and gives it to both Wei Qing and Huo Qubing, thereby making Huo's rank and salary equal to that of Wei.
- Emperor Wu suspends further campaigning against the Xiongnu due to a shortage of horses.[1][2]
- Government monopolies are established iniron,saltandliquor.
118 BC[edit]
By place[edit]
Roman Republic[edit]
- The Roman colony ofNarbo Martiusis founded inGallia Transalpina.
- TheSecond Dalmatian Warends with victory forRome.Lucius Caecilius Metellus assumes the surname Delmaticus.
Numidia[edit]
- Micipsadies andNumidia,following the king's wish, is divided into three parts, a third each ruled by Micipsa's own sons,AdherbalandHiempsal I,and the king's adopted son,Jugurtha.
China[edit]
- Emperor Wu of Hansecretly executes his favourite necromancer Shao Weng for fraud.
117 BC[edit]
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116 BC[edit]
By place[edit]
Egypt[edit]
- June 26– At the death ofPtolemy VIII Physcon,Cleopatra IIIhas chosen her younger sonPtolemy X Alexanderas co-regent,but the Alexandrians force her to bring Ptolemy IX fromCyprus,of which he is governor.
- Ptolemy IX Philometor Soter II Lathyrosbecomes king ofEgyptand claims the throne.
115 BC[edit]
By place[edit]
Roman Republic[edit]
- Gaius MariusispraetorinRome:he defeats Celtic tribes in modern-daySpain.
- Marcus Aemilius Scaurusdefeats theCarniCeltic tribes ofNorthern Italy,leading to their submission to Roman rule.
Middle East[edit]
- Parthiamakes a trade treaty withChina.
- TheKingdom of Shebacollapses.
114 BC[edit]
By place[edit]
Roman Republic[edit]
Asia Minor[edit]
- Mithridates VI Eupatorbecomes king ofBosporus.
113 BC[edit]
By place[edit]
Roman Republic[edit]
- Battle of Noreia:TheCimbriandTeutonescross theDanubeand enter the lands of theCeltictribe, theTaurisci(centered in what is nowAustriaand north-easternItaly). The latter sent emissaries toRome,seeking help in dealing with the migration. TheSenatesends consulGnaeus Papirius Carboacross theJulian Alps,to deal with the migration at the head of an army (some 30,000 men). He offers guides to escort them out of the territory of the Taurisci. The guides are instructed to lead the tribes to the town ofNoreia,where Carbo sets an ambush. The Cimbri manage to discover Carbo's plan, they turn the tables and defeat the Romans during an ambush. Carbo manages to escape with the remnants of his consular army (some 6,000 men) during a heavy thunderstorm. Later, he is indicted by the Senate for losing the battle, but escapes conviction by committing suicide.[3][4]
- Germanic tribesattackGauland northernIberia.
- Celtiberianslead a war against the Romans.
Syria[edit]
- Antiochus IX Cyzicenusbecomes king of theSeleucid Empire.
Numidia[edit]
China[edit]
- The state ofNanyue,a vassal of theHan dynasty,agrees to submit to Han laws and receives envoys to oversee the succession of the young kingZhao Xing.[5]
By topic[edit]
Art[edit]
- An incense burner, later found in the tomb ofLiu Sheng, Prince of ZhongshaninMancheng,Hebei,is made during theHan dynasty.It is now kept atHebei Provincial Museum,Shijiazhuang.
112 BC[edit]
By place[edit]
Roman Republic[edit]
- TheRoman Senatedeclares war againstJugurthafollowing theSiege of Cirta(ends105 BC).
Asia[edit]
- Lü Jia,Premier of theHanvassal state ofNanyue,opposes increased Han control and refuses to appear before the king of Nanyue and the envoys of Han. He rebels against the Han whenEmperor Wusends an armed force of 2,000 men to kill him and his allies. Lü kills kingZhao Xingand his regent, Queen Dowager Jiu, massacres the Han force, and installsZhao Jiandeas king.[6]
- Autumn – Emperor Wu launches a major invasion of Nanyue, sending five riverine fleets to invade underLu Bode,Yang Pu and three former Yue generals.[7]
- The king ofDongyue,Zou Yushan, sends an army to link up with Yang Pu, but he secretly sends an envoy to Zhao Jiande and halts the transport fleet to await the war's outcome, claiming that the weather is preventing its advance.[8]
- Emperor Wu executes his favourite necromancer Luan Da for fraud.[9]
111 BC[edit]
By place[edit]
Roman Republic[edit]
- The city ofRomeis devastated by fire.
- Jugurtha,king ofNumidia,bribes the commanderLucius Calpurnius Bestiaand Roman friends to secure easy terms. He is given asafe conductto Rome in order to account for his actions in theRoman Senate.Jugurtha contemptuously bribes his way through all difficulties.
China[edit]
- In winter, theHangeneral Yang Pu captures Xunxia Gorge and Shimen and defeats theNanyuearmy. He and Han generalLu Bodethen attack the Nanyue capitalPanyuand receive its surrender. Nanyue's KingZhao Jiandeand PremierLü Jiaare captured in flight and killed.
- Nanyue's allyCangwusubmits to the Han dynasty, and Nanyue is divided into nine prefectures. The Han dynasty thereby extends its control to modern-dayNorth Vietnam.[10]
- Han-Xiongnu War:the Han generals Gongsun He and Zhao Ponu invade deep intoXiongnuterritory, Gongsun marching from Wuhuan and Zhao from Lingju. However, neither come upon a Xiongnu army. There follows a period of several years in which the Han and Xiongnu seek to establish peace.[11][12]
- Han-Dongyue War
- Autumn – After learning that Yang Pu had suggested an invasion ofDongyuetoEmperor Wu of Han,Dongyue's king, Zou Yushan, declares himself 'Emperor Wu' and sends an army under Zou Li to invade Han territory. They capture Baisha, Wulin and Meiling, and the Han Treasurer Zhang Cheng is executed for avoiding the Dongyue army.
- Emperor Wu of Han sends two maritime fleets and three armies, including an army under Yang Pu, to invade Dongyue.[13]
110 BC[edit]
By place[edit]
Roman Republic[edit]
- Jugurtha,king ofNumidia,defeats a Roman army underAulus Postumius Albinus.
Asia[edit]
- In winter, the Han general Yang Pu retakes Wulin, and a faction of Dongyue nobles kill their king Zou Yushan before surrendering to the Han general Han Yue.
- Emperor Wu of HanannexesDongyue and Minyueand relocates their population to the area between theYangtzeandHuairivers.[14]
Births
118 BC
- Lucius Licinius Lucullus,Romanconsul(d.56 BC)
117 BC
- Ptolemy XII Auletes,king (pharaoh) ofEgypt(d.51 BC)
116 BC
- Marcus Terentius Varro(aka "Varro" ), Roman scholar and writer (d.27 BC)[15]
115 BC
- Marcus Licinius Crassus,Roman general and consul (d.53 BC)
114 BC
- Lucius Orbilius Pupillus,Roman grammarian and writer
- Publius Cornelius Lentulus Sura,Roman consul(d.63 BC)
- Quintus Hortensius,Roman consul and orator (d.50 BC)
111 BC
110 BC
- Asander,king of theBosporan Kingdom(d.17 BC)
- Hillel the Elder,Jewish religious leader (approximate date) (d.AD 10)[16]
- Marcus Petreius,Roman general and politician (d.46 BC)
- Titus Pomponius Atticus,Roman banker (d.32 BC)
Deaths
119 BC
- Di Shan,Chinese politician of theHan dynasty
- Li Guang,Chinese general of the Han dynasty
118 BC
- Marcus Porcius Cato,Roman consul andorator
- Micipsa,king ofNumidia(approximate date)
117 BC
- Huo Qubing,Chinese general of theHan dynasty(b.140 BC)
- Sima Xiangru,Chinese statesman, poet, and musician (b.179 BC)
116 BC
- June 26–Ptolemy VIII Physcon,king (pharaoh) ofEgypt(b. c.182 BC)
- Cleopatra II,queen of Egypt (b. c.185 BC)
- Zhang Tang,Chinese official and politician
115 BC
- Publius Mucius Scaevola,Roman consul and jurist
- Quintus Caecilius Metellus Macedonicus,Roman consul (b. c.210 BC)
114 BC
- Zhang Qian,Chineseexploreranddiplomat(b.195 BC)
113 BC
- Decimus Junius Brutus Callaicus,Romanconsuland general (b.180 BC)
- Liu Sheng,Chinese prince of theHan dynasty
- Zhang Qian,Chinese explorer, official and diplomat (b.164 BC)
112 BC
111 BC
- Tryphaena,queen consort of theSeleucid Empire
- Zhao Jiande,last king ofNanyue(orNam Viet)
110 BC
- Sima Tan,Chinese astrologist and historian
References[edit]
- ^Hung, Hing Ming (2020).The Magnificent Emperor Wu: China's Han Dynasty.Algora. pp. 164–168.ISBN978-1628944167.
- ^Qian, Sima.Records of the Grand Historian, Section: Xiongnu, Section: Wei Qing & Huo Qubing.
- ^Duncan, Mike (2017).The Storm before the Storm,p. 103. New York: Public Affairs.ISBN978-1-5417-2403-7.
- ^Fields, Nic (2023). Osprey: CAM - 393:The Cimbrian War 113–101 BC - The Rise of Caius Marius,pp. 47–48.ISBN978-1-4728-5491-9.
- ^Hung, Hing Ming (2020).The Magnificent Emperor Wu: China's Han Dynasty.p. 179.ISBN978-1628944167.
- ^Hung, Hing Ming (2020).The Magnificent Emperor Wu: China's Han Dynasty.pp. 179–182.ISBN978-1628944167.
- ^Hung, Hing Ming (2020).The Magnificent Emperor Wu: China's Han Dynasty.p. 182.ISBN978-1628944167.
- ^Hung, Hing Ming (2020).The Magnificent Emperor Wu: China's Han Dynasty.p. 186.ISBN978-1628944167.
- ^Hung, Hing Ming (2020).The Magnificent Emperor Wu: China's Han Dynasty.p. 174.ISBN978-1628944167.
- ^Hung, Hing Ming (2020).The Magnificent Emperor Wu: China's Han Dynasty.pp. 182–183.ISBN978-1628944167.
- ^Hung, Hing Ming (2020).The Magnificent Emperor Wu: China's Han Dynasty.pp. 203–204.ISBN978-1628944167.
- ^Qian, Sima.Records of the Grand Historian, Section: Wei Qing & Huo Qubing.
- ^Hung, Hing Ming (2020).The Magnificent Emperor Wu: China's Han Dynasty.p. 186.ISBN978-1628944167.
- ^Hung, Hing Ming (2020).The Magnificent Emperor Wu: China's Han Dynasty.pp. 186–187.ISBN978-1628944167.
- ^"Marcus Terentius Varro".Encyclopaedia Britannica.RetrievedFebruary 22,2024.
- ^Wolf, Thomas (2019).The Nightingale's Sonata: The Musical Odyssey of Lea Luboshutz.Pegasus Books. p. 440.ISBN978-1-64313-162-7.