1190s in England

Events from the1190s inEngland.

Incumbents

• Monarch–Richard I(to 6 April 1199), thenJohn

Events

• 1190
  • 6 February –massacreof almost allJewsinNorwich.
  • 7 March – massacre of Jews atStamfordFair.
  • 16 March – a mob besieges 150 Jews inYork Castle,killing those who do not commit suicide.
  • 18 March – massacre of 57 Jews atBury St. Edmunds.
  • 4 July – KingsRichard I of EnglandandPhilip II of Franceset out from France to join theThird Crusade.
  • Summer –William Longchamparrests his co-regentHugh de Puisetand rules alone asLord Chancellor,Justiciar,andpapal legate.
  • First known foreign scholar commences study at what will become theUniversity of Oxford,Emo of Friesland.
• 1191
  • 12 May – Richard I marriesBerengaria of Navarreon Cyprus; she will never visit England during his lifetime.
  • 12 July – Third Crusade:Siege of Acreends with a crusader victory led by Philip II and Richard I.
  • 7 September – Third Crusade: Richard defeatsSaladinat theBattle of Arsuf.
  • October – PrinceJohn of Englanddeposes William Longchamp.
  • 27 November –Reginald fitz JocelinelectedArchbishop of Canterburybut dies before being consecrated.
  • Monks atGlastonbury Abbeyclaim to have found the tomb ofKing Arthurand QueenGuinevere.
• 1192
  • 5 August – Third Crusade: Richard defeats Saladin at theBattle of Jaffa.
  • 2 September –Treaty of Jaffabetween Richard and Saladin allowsChristianpilgrims to visitJerusalemand ends the Third Crusade. Richard leaves the Holy Land in October.
  • 11 December – returning from the Crusade, Richard is taken prisoner byLeopold V, Duke of Austria,and secured atDürnstein.
  • Prince John recognised as heir to the throne, and takes control of the royal castles atWindsorandWallingford.
  • Rebuilding ofLincoln Cathedralbegins.
  • Richard of DevizescomposesChronicon de rebus gestis Ricardi Primi.
• 1193
  • 14 February – Richard I is handed to custody ofHenry VI, Holy Roman Emperor,and moved toSpeyer.
  • 29 May –Hubert Walterenthroned asArchbishop of Canterbury.
• 1194
  • 4 February – Richard I ransomed from captivity.
  • c. 10 February –Henry Marshalis nominatedBishop of Exeter.
  • 12 March–28 March – Richard returns to England and besiegesNottingham Castleto reclaim it from his brotherJohn.
  • 17 April – second coronation of Richard I atWinchester.
  • 2 May –Portsmouthgranted aRoyal Charter;dock ordered to be built here.
  • 12 May – after settling affairs in England, Richard I leaves forBarfleurin Normandy to reclaim lands lost toPhilip II of France.
  • 3 July – Battle of Fréteval: Richard I reconquers his French fiefdoms from Philip II.
  • Hubert Walter appointed as Justiciar.
  • September:Articles of Eyreproclaimed. Hubert Walter establishes the office ofcoroner.
  • Ordinance of the Jewry:for taxation purposes, records are to be kept of financial transactions. England elects to be served financially by Jews, hence the eponym.
• 1195
  • Treaty of Louvierssuspends war between England and France; France takes control of NormanVexin.
  • Bushmead Prioryfounded.
  • New stoneLydford Castlebuilt in theForest of Dartmoor.
• 1196
  • Spring – inLondon,a popular uprising of the poor against the rich is led byWilliam Fitz Osbern.
  • Assize of Measuresestablishes theellas the standard English measure, and regulates the production of cloth.
• 1197
  • A statute establishes standardweights and measures.
• 1198
  • June – England resumes its war against France, re-occupying NormanVexin.
  • June 23 – fire atBury St Edmunds Abbey.
  • September –Battle of Gisors:English victory over the French.
• 1199
  • 13 January – short-lived truce between England and France.
  • 6 April – King Richard I dies of a wound received at the siege of the castle ofChâlusin France.
  • 27 May – coronation of KingJohn of England,Richard's brother.
  • Hubert Walterappointed asLord Chancellor.
  • KingPhilip II of Francerenews his war against England, supporting the rival claim to the English throne ofArthur of Brittany.
  • St John's JerusalematSutton-at-Hone,Kent,established as aCommandryof theKnights Hospitaller.
  • St Laurence's Church, Ludlow,is rebuilt.

Births

• 1193
  • William de Ferrers, 5th Earl of Derby(died1254)
• 1195
  • Roger de Quincy, 2nd Earl of Winchester(died1265)
• 1197
  • Richard of Chichester,bishop, canonised (died1253)

Deaths

• 1190
  • 19 November –Baldwin of Exeter,Archbishop of Canterbury
  • Ranulf de Glanvill,chief justiciar
  • Robert de Beaumont, 3rd Earl of Leicester
• 1191
  • 26 December –Reginald fitz JocelinArchbishop-elect of Canterbury
• 1194
  • Abbas Benedictus,abbot of Peterborough
• 1195
  • Hugh de Puiset,bishop of Durham (born c.1125)
• 1196
  • William Fitz Osbern,London citizen
• 1197
  • William Longchamp,Lord Chancellor
• 1198
  • William of Newburgh,historian (born c.1136)
• 1199
  • 6 April –Richard I of England(killed in battle) (born1157)
  • 4 September –Joan of England, Queen of Sicily,wife ofWilliam II of Sicily(born1165)
• uncertain
  • William Fitzstephen,servant ofThomas Becketand sheriff ofGloucester