1205
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | |
| Decades: | |
| Years: |
| 1205 by topic |
|---|
| Leaders |
| Birth and death categories |
| Births–Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments–Disestablishments |
| Art and literature |
| 1205 in poetry |
| Gregorian calendar | 1205 MCCV |
| Ab urbe condita | 1958 |
| Armenian calendar | 654 ԹՎ ՈԾԴ |
| Assyrian calendar | 5955 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1126–1127 |
| Bengali calendar | 612 |
| Berber calendar | 2155 |
| English Regnal year | 6Joh. 1– 7Joh. 1 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1749 |
| Burmese calendar | 567 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6713–6714 |
| Chinese calendar | Giáp tửNiên (WoodRat) 3902 or 3695 — to — Ất sửu niên (WoodOx) 3903 or 3696 |
| Coptic calendar | 921–922 |
| Discordian calendar | 2371 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1197–1198 |
| Hebrew calendar | 4965–4966 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| -Vikram Samvat | 1261–1262 |
| -Shaka Samvat | 1126–1127 |
| -Kali Yuga | 4305–4306 |
| Holocene calendar | 11205 |
| Igbo calendar | 205–206 |
| Iranian calendar | 583–584 |
| Islamic calendar | 601–602 |
| Japanese calendar | Genkyū2 ( nguyên cửu ２ niên ) |
| Javanese calendar | 1113–1114 |
| Julian calendar | 1205 MCCV |
| Korean calendar | 3538 |
| Minguo calendar | 707 beforeROC Dân tiền 707 niên |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −263 |
| Thai solar calendar | 1747–1748 |
| Tibetan calendar | Dương mộc thử niên (male Wood-Rat) 1331 or 950 or 178 — to — Âm mộc ngưu niên (female Wood-Ox) 1332 or 951 or 179 |
Year1205(MCCV) was acommon year starting on Saturday(link will display the full calendar) of theJulian calendar.
Events
[edit]By place
[edit]Byzantine Empire
[edit]- Spring –Theodore I(Laskaris) is proclaimed Byzantine emperor (orbasileus), formally founding theEmpire of Nicaea,after repelling the invasions of rivalsDavid KomnenosandManuel Maurozomesinto his domains. His appointment is an open challenge to the legitimacy of the Latin emperorBaldwin I,who rules over large parts of the formerByzantine Empireand regards Theodore as ausurper.[1]
- March 19–Battle of Adramyttion:The Byzantine army, underConstantine Laskaris(brother of Theodore I), appears before the walls ofAdramyttium– surprising the Latin garrison. Meanwhile,Henry of Flanders,not wanting to remain trapped within the city, opens the gates and charges out with his heavy cavalry. He and his knights defeat the Byzantine forces, who are scattered and forced to retreat.[2]
- March– Byzantine officials inAdrianoplerevolt and expel Latin administrators, requesting Bulgarian support fromKaloyan,ruler (tsar) of theBulgarian Empire,against Baldwin I who assembles an army (some 40,000 men) and marches to aid the Byzantines. Meanwhile, Baldwin sets out fromConstantinoplein force, he arrives at Adrianople and promptly begins to siege the city by the end of March.
- April 14–Battle of Adrianople:Latin forces under Baldwin I are defeated and eliminated in a successful ambush by Bulgarians,VlachsandCumans.Baldwin is captured and taken as prisoner toVeliko Tarnovo– where he is locked up at the top of a tower in theTsarevetsfortress. Later, Baldwin is possibly executed by orders of Kaloyan (this according to the Byzantine historianGeorge Akropolites).[3]
- Summer –Battle of Koundouros:Byzantine forces (some 5,000 men) underMichael Doukas,governor of theTheme of the Peloponnese(and laterDespot of Epirus), tries to stop the Latin army (some 700 knights and foot soldiers) at the Olive Grove of Koundouros. The Byzantines are defeated byWilliam of Champlitte,who later founds thePrincipality of Achaea(a vassal state of theLatin Empire).
- Othon de la Roche,a Burgundian nobleman, founds theDuchy of Athens(one of theCrusader statesset up inGreece) and takes the title of "Grand Lord" (Megaskyr) inAthens.[4]
Europe
[edit]- January 6–Philip of SwabiabecomesKing of the Romansand is crowned again with great ceremony atAachenby ArchbishopAdolf of Cologne.After several threats, Adolf is removed from office by PopeInnocent IIIand excommunicated, onJuly 19.Philip is able to increasingly assert his kingship againstOtto of Brunswick(who is also crowned king ofGermany) in the northern parts of theAlps.[5]
- May 29–Andrew II,brother of the late KingEmeric,is crowned ruler ofHungaryandCroatiaatSzékesfehérvár,after his 5-year-old nephew,Ladislaus III,suddenly dies inVienna.Andrew introduces a new policy for royal grants, which he calls "new institutions". He distributes large portions of his domain–such as royal castles and all estates attached to them–to supporters and Hungarian nobles.[6]
- June 19–Battle of Zawichost:Polish forces under High DukeLeszek I(the White) defeat the Kievan army atZawichost.During the ambush,Roman Mstislavich,Grand Prince ofKiev,is killed. He is succeeded by his two infant sons,DanielandVasilko.Their principalities are ruled by their motherAnna of Byzantium,but theboyarsofGalicia–Volhyniaforces her and the young princes into exile.[7]
- Summer – KingPhilip II(Augustus) conquers most of theAngevinlands, including much ofAquitaine.Fearing a French invasion ofEnglanditself, KingJohn(Lackland) requires every English male over 12 years to enter amobilization"for the general defense of the realm and the preservation of peace". John prepares an expedition force of his own, but the barons refuse to cross theChannel.[8]
England
[edit]- William of Wrotham,Lord Warden of the Stannaries,oversees a reform of Englishcurrency.In keeping with other high-ranking bureaucrats of his time, this is just one of Wrotham's many offices. He is also "keeper of ports", the forerunner of theFirst Lord of the Admiralty,supervisor of the mints ofCanterburyandLondon,ward of the vacantDiocese of Bath and Wellsand archdeacon ofTaunton.[9]
Levant
[edit]- April 1–Aimery of Cyprus,king ofJerusalem,dies offood poisoningcaused bywhite mullet.He is succeeded by his 9-year-old sonHugh Ias ruler ofCyprus.His mother, QueenIsabella Ibecomesregentover the young boy, but she dies suddenly four days after her husband. The High Court of Cyprus appointsWalter of Montbéliard(brother-in-law of Aimery) as regent and Hugh's guardian.[10]
Africa
[edit]- CaliphMuhammad al-NasirestablishesAlmohaddomination over the eastern parts ofIfriqiya(modernTunisia). He appoints GeneralAbu Mohammed ibn Abi Hafsas governor of Ifriqiya.[11]
By topic
[edit]Religion
[edit]- July 15– PopeInnocent IIIlays down the principle thatJewsare doomed to perpetual servitude, because they had crucifiedJesus.
Births
[edit]- January 26–Li Zong(orZhao Yun), Chinese emperor (d.1264)
- March (or May) –Elisabeth of Swabia,queen ofCastileandLeón(d.1235)[12]
- July 10–Hōjō Masamura,Japanesenobleman(d.1273)
- November 5–As-Salih Ayyub,Ayyubid ruler (d.1249)
- unknown dates
- Bruno von Schauenburg,Bohemian bishop (d.1281)[13]
- Wenceslaus I(One-Eyed), king ofBohemia(d.1253)[14]
- probable
- Azzo VII d'Este,Italian nobleman and knight (d. 1264)[15]
- Batu Khan,Mongol ruler of theGolden Horde(d.1255)[16]
- Walter IV(the Great), French nobleman (d.1246)[17]
Deaths
[edit]- January 2–Baldwin II,French nobleman and knight
- April 1–Aimery of Cyprus(orAmaury), king ofJerusalem
- April 5–Isabella I,queen and regent of Jerusalem (b.1172)
- April 14
- Garnier de Traînel(orTraisnel), French bishop
- Louis I,French nobleman and knight (b. 1172)
- May 7–Ladislaus III,king ofHungaryandCroatia(b.1200)
- May/June –Enrico Dandolo(orHenry), doge ofVenice(b.1107)[18]
- June 14–Walter III(orGautier), French nobleman
- June 19–Roman Mstislavich,Kievan prince (b.1152)
- July 4–Otto II(the Generous), German nobleman
- July 10–Hatakeyama Shigeyasu,Japanesesamurai
- July 13–Hubert Walter,archbishop ofCanterbury
- August 8–Savaric FitzGeldewin,English bishop
- unknown dates
- probable–Baldwin I,emperor of theLatin Empire(b. 1172)
References
[edit]- ^Van Tricht, Filip (2011).The Latin Renovatio of Byzantium: The Empire of Constantinople (1204–1228),p. 352. Leiden: Brill.ISBN978-90-04-20323-5.
- ^Geoffrey of Villehardouin.Memoirs or Chronicle of the Fourth Crusade and the conquest of Constantinople,p. 63. Echo Library, 2007.
- ^Steven Runciman(1952).A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre,p. 107.ISBN978-0-241-29877-0.
- ^Setton, Kenneth M. (1976). "A Note on Michael Choniates, Archbishop of Athens (1182–1204)", p. 235.
- ^Wihoda, Martin (2015).Vladislaus Henry: The Formation of the Moravian Identity,p. 93. Brill.
- ^Engel, Pál (2001).The Realm of St. Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary (895–1526),pp. 91–92. I.B. Tauris Publishers.ISBN1-86064-061-3.
- ^David Nicolle& Viacheslav Shpakovsky (2001). Osprey: Campaign Nr. 98:Kalka River 1223. Genghis Khan's Mongols invade Russia,p. 19.ISBN1-84176-233-4.
- ^King Johnby Warren. Published by University of California Press in 1961. p. 111.
- ^King Johnby Warren. Published by University of California Press in 1961. p. 130.
- ^Lock, Peter (2006).The Routledge Companion to the Crusades,p. 103. Routledge.ISBN978-0-415-39312-6.
- ^Picard, Christophe (1997).La mer et les musulmans d'Occident VIIIe-XIIIe siècle.Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
- ^(ES)Luis Suárez Fernández,Historia de Espana antigua y media,(Ediciones Rialp, S.A., 1976), 29.
- ^Biographical Index of the Middle Ages.Walter de Gruyter. 2011. p. 201.ISBN9783110914160.
- ^Joseph Thomas (2010).The Universal Dictionary of Biography and Mythology: Pro - Zyp.Cosimo, Incorporated. p. 2253.ISBN9781616400743.
- ^Marcellinus Verardus; Antonio Loschi; Gregorio Corraro, eds. (2011).Humanist Tragedies.Harvard University Press. p. 302.ISBN9780674057258.
- ^"Batu, Khan of the Golden Horde: The Mongol Khans Conquer Russia (The Silk Road Series)".Association for Asian Studies.RetrievedDecember 26,2023.
- ^Martin Shaw Briggs (1911).In the Heel of Italy: A Study of an Unknown City.Duffield & Company. p. 109.
- ^Okey.Venice and its Story.p. 167.
- ^Kazhdan, Alexander(1991). "Aspietes". InKazhdan, Alexander(ed.).The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium.Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 211–212.ISBN0-19-504652-8.