1270s in England
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Events from the1270s inEngland.
Incumbents
[edit]Events
[edit]- 1270
- April – Parliament levies a property tax to support theEighth Crusade.[1]
- 9 September –William Chillendenelected to the Archbishopric of Canterbury.
- 20 August –Prince Edwardsets out onLord Edward's crusade(the Ninth)[2]with his wifeEleanor of Castile.
- Edmund, Earl of Cornwall,donates to the CistercianHailes AbbeynearWinchcombein Gloucestershire (his father's foundation) a phial held to contain theBlood of Christ,acquired in theHoly Roman Empire;this becomes such a magnet forpilgrimagethat within 7 years the monks are able to rebuild their abbey on a magnificent scale.[3]
- Battle of Áth-an-Chip:The army of the Irish Kingdom ofConnachtrouts the English army nearCarrick-on-Shannon.[1]
- 1271
- 9 May –Prince Edwardarrives inAcre,startingLord Edward's crusade(the Ninth) againstMamluksultanBaibars.[1]
- 1272
- 12 May –Lord Edward's crusadeis concluded by the Treaty ofCaesarea.[4]
- June – an attempt is made on the life ofPrince EdwardatAcre;he kills the would-be assassin but receives a festering wound from a poisoned dagger.[5]
- Summer –Pope Gregory Xsets aside the election of William Chilldenden to the Archbishopric of Canterbury.
- 24 September –Prince Edwardleaves Acre for Sicily.
- 11 October –Robert Kilwardbyenthroned asArchbishop of Canterbury.
- 16 November – KingHenry IIIdies; Prince Edward (at this time in Sicily) succeeds him asEdward I of England[2]and is proclaimed king.
- Court of Common Pleasestablished as a permanent body, and receives its firstchief justice(Gilbert of Preston).[1]
- Worshipful Company of CordwainersandCurriersgranted rights to regulate theleathertrade in theCity of London;Fishmongers Companychartered.
- 1273
- Edward, making a protracted return from Sicily, visitsPope Gregory Xand payshomagetoPhilip III of France.[1]
- 1274
- 2 August –Edward Ireturns to England fromhis crusade.[1]
- 19 August – coronation ofEdward IatWestminster Abbey.[2]
- August –Merton College, Oxford,receives its statutes, the first English university college to do so.[1]
- TheHundred Rollsare commissioned, enquiring into the rights of English landowners.[2]
- 1275
- 22 April –Edward I'sfirstparliamentmeets[1]and passes the firstStatute of Westminster,codifying the existing law in England, in 51 chapters ofNorman French,and defining legal privileges.[2]
- May – Parliament imposes the first regularcustoms dutyonwoolandleather.[1]
- 11 September –an earthquake in southern Englanddamages churches atGlastonburyand is felt across the country.
- Llywelyn ap Gruffuddrefuses to pay homage toEdward I;[1]Llywelyn's proxy brideEleanor de Montfort(Edward's cousin) is captured at sea off the south-west of England and held prisoner atWindsor Castleas a bargaining counter for Llywelyn's compliance.
- Statute of the JewryforbidsJewsfrom chargingintereston loans.[1]
- 1276
- 1277
- 9 November –Treaty of Aberconwyby whichLlywelynwas to retain control ofGwyneddin return for paying homage to England whileEdwardwas to rule the remainder ofWales.[2]
- St George's Crossis first recorded in use as the nationalflagofEngland.[7]
- 1278
- June or July –Robert Burnellelected to the Archbishopric of Canterbury.
- 7 August –Statute of Gloucesterdefines competences of local courts and establishes legal procedures for claiming a right to privileges.[1]
- 13 October – the King allows his cousinEleanor de Montfortto marryLlywelyn ap GruffuddatWorcester Cathedral.
- 17 November – allJewsin England imprisoned on suspicion ofcoin clipping.[8]
- 1279
- January –Pope Nicholas IIIquashes the election of Robert Burnell to the Archbishopric of Canterbury.
- 25 January –John Peckhamenthroned as Archbishop of Canterbury against the wishes of theKing.[1]
- The first of theStatutes of Mortmainprevents land from passing into possession of the church.[2]
- December – new coinage issued, including the firstgroatsand roundfarthingsand a new silverhalfpenny.[1]
- Itinerant royaljudgesare ordered to inquire into confederacies against justice, thus effectively makingconspiracya crime.[9]
- TheRoyal Mintmoves to theTower of Londonby this year.[10]
- Further round ofHundred Rollscommissioned.
Births
[edit]- 1270
- Approximate date –Andrew Harclay, 1st Earl of Carlisle,military leader (executed1323)
- 1272
- April –Joan of Acre,daughter of KingEdward I(died1307)
- 1273
- 24 November –Alphonso, Earl of Chester,son ofEdward I(died1284)
- 1274
- Approximate date –Adam Murimuth,ecclesiastic and chronicler (died1347)
- 1275
- 15 March –Margaret of England, Duchess of Brabant,daughter of King Edward I (died after 1333)
- 18 August –Bartholomew de Badlesmere, 1st Baron Badlesmere(died 1322)
- Approximate date –Aymer de Valence, 2nd Earl of Pembroke(died1324)
- 1276
- Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford(died in battle 1322)
- 1278
- 11 March –Mary of Woodstock,daughter of King Edward I, nun (died by 1332)
- Approximate date –Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster,politician (executed 1322)
- 1279
- Approximate date –Marguerite of France,daughter ofPhilip III of FranceandQueen consortofEdward I of England(died1318)
Deaths
[edit]- 1270
- 18 July –Boniface of Savoy, Archbishop of Canterbury,(born c. 1217)
- Roger Bigod, 4th Earl of Norfolk(born1212)
- 1271
- 13 March –Henry of Almain,crusader (born1235)
- Richard de Grey,Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports (year of birth unknown)
- 1272
- 18 March –John FitzAlan, 7th Earl of Arundel(born1246)
- 2 April –Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall(born1209)
- 16 November – KingHenry III(born1207)
- Bartholomeus Anglicus,Franciscan friar and encyclopedia author (born before 1203)
- Approximate date –William of Sherwood,logician (born c.1200)
- 1275
- 26 February –Margaret of England,daughter ofHenry III of Englandand consort ofAlexander III of Scotland(born1240)
- 13 April –Eleanor of England(born1215)
- 24 September –Humphrey de Bohun, 2nd Earl of Hereford,Constable of England (born1208)
- John of Howden,canon and poet writing in Norman French and Latin
- 1277
- 27 October –Walter de Merton,Lord Chancellorand founder ofMerton College, Oxford(born c.1205)
- 1279
- 11 September –Robert Kilwardby,Archbishop of Canterbury(born c.1215)
- Walter Giffard,Lord Chancellorand archbishop (year of birth unknown)
References
[edit]- ^abcdefghijklmnoPalmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992).The Chronology of British History.London: Century Ltd. pp. 88–90.ISBN0-7126-5616-2.
- ^abcdefgWilliams, Hywel (2005).Cassell's Chronology of World History.London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp.146–148.ISBN0-304-35730-8.
- ^Historic England."Hailes Abbey (328158)".Research records (formerly PastScape).Retrieved2020-09-13.
- ^Baldwin, Philip Bruce (2014).Pope Gregory X and the Crusades.Boydell Press. p. 43.
- ^Slack, Corliss (2009).The A to Z of the Crusades.Rowman & Littlefield. p. 36.ISBN978-0-8108-6815-1.
- ^"Library & Archives – History".Oxford: Merton College. Archived fromthe originalon 2012-05-13.Retrieved2012-05-08.
- ^Perrin, W. G. (1922).British Flags.Cambridge University Press. p.37.
- ^"Medieval English Hammered Farthings - Edward I - intro".Retrieved2010-09-12.
- ^Gillingham, John; Griffiths, Ralph A. (2000).Medieval Britain: a very short introduction.Oxford University Press. p.61.ISBN978-0-19-285402-5.
- ^"The Royal Mint at the Tower of London".Archived fromthe originalon 2007-12-20.Retrieved2007-12-03.