13th century in literature
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This article contains information about the literary events and publications of the13th century.
Events[edit]
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- 1202 –Leonardo FibonacciwritesLiber Abaci,about themodus Indorum,theHindu–Arabic numeral system,including the use ofzero;it is the first major work inEuropeto move away from the use ofRoman numerals.[1]
- 1204 – TheImperial Library of Constantinopleis destroyed by Christian knights of theFourth Crusadeand its contents burned or sold.[2]
- 1211 –Hélinand of Froidmontbegins compiling hisChronicon.[3]
- 1215 – Bhiksu Ananda of Kapitanagar completes writing theBuddhistbookArya Astasahasrika Prajnaparamita(Sutra), in gold ink inRanjana script.
- 1216 –Roger of Wendover,English monk and chronicler, atSt Albans Abbey,begins to cover contemporary events, in his continuation of the chronicleFlores Historiarum.[4]
- 1217 –Alexander Neckam,English scholar and theologian, writesDe naturis rerum( "On the Nature of Things" ), a scientific encyclopedia.[5]
- 1220 – A new shrine built atCanterbury Cathedralin England to house the remains of StThomas Becketquickly becomes one of Europe's major places of pilgrimage,[6]and the destination of the fictional pilgrims inGeoffrey Chaucer's set of narrative poemsThe Canterbury Tales,written about 170 years later.[7]
- 1226: By August – The biographical poemL'histoire de Guillaume le Maréchal,commissioned to commemorateWilliam Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke(died 1219), a rare example at this time of a life of a lay person, is completed, probably by aTourangeaulayman called John in the southernWelsh Marches.[8]
- 1240 –Albert of Stadejoins the Franciscan order and begins his chronicle.[9]
- 1249:September 27– ChroniclerGuillaume de Puylaurensis present at the death ofRaymond VII of Toulouse.[10]
- 1251 – The carving is completed of theTripitaka Koreana,a collection ofBuddhistscripturesrecorded on some 81,000 wooden blocks, thought to have been started in 1236.[11]
- 1258:February 13– TheHouse of WisdominBaghdadis destroyed by forces of theMongol Empireafter theSiege of Baghdad.The waters of theTigrisare said to have run black with ink from the huge quantities of books flung into it, and red from the blood of the philosophers and scientists killed.
- 1274:May 1– InFlorence,the nine-year-oldDante Alighierifirst sees the eight-year-oldBeatrice,his lifelong muse.[12]
- 1276 –Merton College, Oxford,is first recorded as having a collection of books, making itsLibrarythe world's oldest in continuous daily use.[13]During the first century of its existence the books are probably kept in a chest.
- 1283 –Ram Khamhaeng,ruler of theSukhothai Kingdom,creates theThai alphabet(อักษรไทย), according to tradition.
- 1289 – Library of the Collège de Sorbonne, earliest predecessor of theBibliothèque de la Sorbonne,is founded in Paris.[14]
- 1298–1299 –Marco Polodictates hisTravelstoRustichello da Pisawhile in prison inGenoa,according to tradition.
- 1300, Easter – The events ofDante'sDivine Comedytake place.[15]
New works[edit]
- 13th century
- Huon of Bordeaux
- Sagas of Icelanders(Íslendingasögur)[16]
- Beatrice of Nazareth–Seven Ways of Holy Love,the earliest prose work inDutch
- Conrad of Saxony–Speculum Beatæ Mariæ Virginis
- Śivadāsa– "The five and twenty tales of the genie" (version of theBaital Pachisi)
- Zhou Mi –Miscellaneous observations from the year of Guixin( quý tân tạp thức )
- c. 1200
- Early 13th century
- Ancrene Wisse[18]
- Færeyinga saga
- Farid al-Din Attar–Mantiqu 't-Tayr(The Conference of the Birds)[19]
- Codex Gigas[20]
- Le Conte de Poitiers
- Gautier de Coincy–Les miracles de Nostre-Dame
- Anonymus (notary of Béla III)–Gesta Hungarorum
- Guido delle Colonne–Historia destructionis Troiae
- Hervarar saga ok Heiðreks(The Saga of Hervar and Heidrek)
- Gerbert de Montreuil–Le Roman de la Violette
- Raghavanka–Harishchandra Kavya
- Jean Renart–Guillaume de Dole
- Roi Flore et la belle Jeanne
- Wolfram von Eschenbach–Parzival
- c. 1203 –Hartmann von Aue–Iwein
- 1205 –Lancelot-Grail
- 1205–1234 –Estoire d'Eracles(Old Frenchtranslation ofWilliam of Tyre'sHistoria)
- c. 1208 –Saxo Grammaticus–Gesta Danorum
- c. 1210
- Herbers –Li romans de Dolopathos(translation ofSeven Wise Masters)
- Raimon Vidal de Bezaudun–Razós de trobar
- Gottfried von Strassburg–Tristan
- 1210–1225 – Sa'ad al-Din Varavini –Marzban-nama(مرزباننامه)
- 1212 –Kamo no Chōmei( áp trường minh ) –Hōjōki( phương trượng ký, Account of a Ten-Foot-Square Hut)
- 1214 –Gervase of Tilbury–Otia Imperialia
- c. 1215
- Bertrand de Bar-sur-Aube–Girard de Vienne
- Rumi–Diwan-e Shams-e Tabrizi(masnaviin Persian)
- c. 1217–1235 –Andayya–Kabbigara Kava(Poets' Defender)
- c. 1217–1263 –Strengleikar,Old Norsetranslation of theLaisof Marie de France,perhaps (partly) byBrother Robert
- 1220 – Ibn Hammad –Akhbar muluk bani Ubayd
- c. 1220s –Snorri Sturlusson–Prose Edda
- c. 1225
- Francis of Assisi–Laudes creaturarumorCantico delle creature(Praise of God's creation), the oldest knownItalian poetry[21]
- King Horn,the oldest known English verse romance[22]
- 1225 or 1226 –L'Histoire deGuillaume le Marechal(early example of a political biography, in Norman French)
- 1227 –Brother Robert–Tristrams saga ok Ísöndar,anOld Norsetranslation of theTristan and Iseultlegend
- c. 1227 –Henry of Latvia–Livonian Chronicle of Henry
- c. 1230
- La Mort le roi Artu,French prose romance
- Guillaume de Lorris– First section ofRomance of the Rose
- Johannes de Sacrobosco–De sphaera mundi
- Snorri Sturlusson–Heimskringla
- c. 1230s –Post-Vulgate Cycle
- Mainly before 1235 –Henry de Bracton–De Legibus et Consuetudinibus Angliae(The Laws and Customs of England)
- c. 1240
- Bartholomeus Anglicus–De proprietatibus rerum
- Egil's Saga
- Johannes de Garlandia–De Mensurabili Musica
- Rudolf von Ems–Alexanderroman
- c. 1240–1250 –Roger Bacon–Summa Grammatica
- mid-13th century
- Black Book of Carmarthencompleted
- Doön de Mayence
- Franco of Cologne–Ars cantus mensurabilis
- Jean de Mailly–Chronica universalis Mettensis
- Old incidents in the Xuanhe period of the great Song Dynasty( đại tống tuyên hòa di sự )
- c. 1250 –Willem die Madoc maecte–Van den vos Reynaerde
- 1250s –Stephen of Bourbon–De septem donis Spiritus Sancti
- c. 1250–1266 –Poema de Fernán González
- c. 1250–1282 –Mechthild of Magdeburg–Das fließende Licht der Gottheit(The Flowing Light of Divinity; originally composed inMiddle Low German)
- 1252
- Calyla e Dymna,translation of thePanchatantraintoCastilian
- Jikkunshō
- After 1255 –Epic of Sundiata,inMandinkaoral tradition
- 1258–1273 –Rumi–Masnavi
- 1259 –Bonaventure–Itinerarium Mentis ad Deum(Journey of the Mind to God)
- c. 1259–1265 –Thomas Aquinas–Summa contra Gentiles[23]
- c. 1259–1266 –Jacobus de Voragine–Golden Legend(Legenda sanctorum)
- completed 1260 –Minhaj-i-Siraj–Tabaqat-i Nasiri
- c. 1260
- 1263 –Bonaventure–Life of St. Francis of Assisi
- c. 1263 –Jacob van Maerlant–Der Naturen Bloeme
- c. 1264 –Jacob van Maerlant–De Spieghel Historiael
- 1265
- Book of Aneirin(written or copied at about this date)
- Shokukokin Wakashū(続 cổ kim hòa ca tập, Collection of Ancient and Modern Times Continued, completed)
- c. 1270
- Ibn al-Nafis–Theologus Autodidactus
- John of Capua–Directorium Vitae Humanae,translation of thePanchatantra
- Poetic Eddawritten inCodex Regius,includingHávamálandVölwpá
- c. 1270–1278 –Witelo–Perspectiva
- 1274
- Joseph ben Abraham Gikatilla–Ginnat Egoz(Garden of Nuts)
- Bonvesin da la Riva–Libro de le tre scritture(Negra, Rubra, Aurea;Western Lombard)
- c. 1275 –Jean de Meun– Second section ofRomance of the Rose
- late 13th century
- Amir Khusrow–The Tale of the Four Dervishes(Persian:قصه چهار درویش,Ghesseh-ye Chahār Darvīsh)
- Njáls saga
- c. 1280
- Bernard of Besse–Liber de Laudibus Beati Francisci
- Heinrich der Vogler–Dietrichs Flucht
- c. 1280s
- Havelok the Dane
- The Owl and the Nightingale
- 'Anonymous IV' –Concerning the Measurement of Polyphonic Song
- 1283
- 1288 –Bonvesin da la Riva–De magnalibus urbis Mediolani(On the Marvels of Milan)
- 1288–1289 –Amir Khusrow–Qiran-us-Sa’dain(Meeting of the Two Auspicious Stars –masnavi)
- c. 1290s – "Sir Patrick Spens"(Scottish ballad)
- 1290–1291
- Dnyaneshwar–Dnyaneshwari
- Amir Khusrow –Miftah-ul-Futooh(Key to the Victories – masnavi)
- 1293 –Dante Alighieri–La Vita Nuova
- 1294 –Amir Khusrow–Ghurratul-Kamal(diwan)
- c. 1295 –Mathieu of Boulogne–Liber lamentationum Matheoluli(Book of the Lamentations of Matheolus)
- 1298
- Amir Khusrow–Khamsa-e-Nizami
- Gertrude the Great(begins) –Legatus Memorialis Abundantiae Divinae Pietatis(The Herald of Divine Love)
- 1299 –Rustichello da Pisa–The Travels of Marco Polo
- c. 1300
- Cursor Mundi
- Gesta Romanorum
- The Interlude of the Student and the Girl(Interludium de clerico et puella)
New drama[edit]
- The Orphan of Zhao( triệu thị cô nhiZhaoshi guer)
Births[edit]
- c. 1200 –Matthew Paris,English chronicler and monk (died 1259)[24]
- 1200 –Rudolf von Ems,German nobleman, knight and poet (d.1254)[25]
- 1205 –Tikkana,Telugupoet (died 1288)
- 1207:September 9–Rumi,Persianpoet (died 1273)
- c. 1210 –Henry de Bracton,English cleric and jurist (died c. 1268)
- c. 1212 –Ibn Sahl of Seville,poet (died 1251)
- 1214 –Sturla Þórðarson,Icelandic writer of sagas and politician (died 1284)
- 1225:January 28–Thomas Aquinas,Italian philosopher and theologian (died 1274)
- c. 1230–1240 –Jacob van Maerlant,Flemishpoet and writer inMiddle Dutch(died c. 1288–1300)
- 1240 or 1241 –Mechtilde,German religious writer and saint (died 1298)
- 1248 –Angela of FolignoItalian mystic and saint (died1309)
- 1265 –Dante Alighieri,Italian poet (died1321)[26]
- 1266 (probable) –Duns Scotus,Scottish philosopher and theologian (died1308)
- 1275 –Dnyaneshwar,Maharashtriansantand writer (died 1296)
- 1279 –Muktabai,MaharashtriansantandAbhangpoet (died 1297)
- c. 1280 –Ranulf Higden,English chronicler andBenedictinemonk (died1364)
- 1283 (approximate)
- Juan Ruiz,Archpriest of Hita, Castilian poet (died c. 1350)
- Yoshida Kenkō( cát điền kiêm hảo ), Japanese author and Buddhist monk (died c. 1350)
- 1287:January 24–Richard de Bury,English bishop and bibliophile (died 1345)
- 1293 or 1294 –John of Ruysbroeck(Jan van Ruysbroeck), Flemish mystic (died1381)
- Unknown year–Thomas the Rhymer,Scottishlairdand prophet
Deaths[edit]
- Unknown –Palkuriki Somanatha,Telugu,KannadaandSanskritpoet
- 1209
- Nizami Ganjavi,Seljuk Empire Persian romantic epic poet (born c.1141)
- December 29–Lu You,Chinese poet (born 1125)
- c. 1210 –Gottfried von Strassburg,German writer
- 1212 –Adam of Dryburgh,Anglo-Scots theologian (born c. 1140)
- 1223 –Gerald of Wales,Cambro-Normanchurchman and topographer (born c. 1146)
- 1228 (probable) –Gervase of Tilbury,Englishlawyer, statesman and writer (born c. 1150)
- 1241:September 23–Snorri Sturluson,Icelandic historian, poet, and politician (born 1179)
- 1241:September 26–Fujiwara no Teika( đằng nguyên định gia ), Japanesewakapoet, calligrapher, novelist, and scholar (born1162)
- 1251
- Ibn Sahl of Seville,poet (born c. 1212)
- (probable) –Albertanus of Brescia,Latin prose writer (born c. 1195)
- 1252 (probable) –Alberic of Trois-Fontaines,Cistercian chronicler
- 1253:October 9–Robert Grosseteste,English churchman and scholar (born c. 1175)
- 1259: June –Matthew Paris,English chronicler and monk (born c. 1200)[27]
- 1268 –Henry de Bracton,English writer and jurist (born c. 1210)
- 1273:December 17–Rumi,Persian poet (born 1207)
- 1274
- March 7–Thomas Aquinas,Italian philosopher and theologian (born 1225)[28]
- July 12–Bonaventure,philosopher and theologian
- 1285 –Rutebeuf,Frenchtrouvère(probable; born c. 1245)[29]
- 1287:August 31–Konrad von Würzburg,German poet[30]
- 1294
- Roger Bacon,English scholar (born c. 1214)
- Guittone d'Arezzo,Tuscan poet (born c. 1235)
- 1298: July 13 or 16:Jacobus de Voragine,archbishop of Genoa and chronicler (born c. 1230)
See also[edit]
- 13th century in poetry
- 12th century in literature
- 14th century in literature
- List of years in literature
References[edit]
- ^Keith Devlin (2012).The Man of Numbers: Fibonacci's Arithmetic Revolution.Walker Books.ISBN978-0802779083.
- ^Bradford, Ernle (7 January 2013).The Great Betrayal: The Great Siege of Constantinople.ISBN9781617568008.
- ^Verkholantsev, Julia (2008).Ruthenica Bohemica.Vienna: Lit Verlag GmbH. p. 70.ISBN978-3-7000-0851-4.
- ^"Signing of Magna Carta, Runneymede, 1215".Archived fromthe originalon 2017-03-24.Retrieved2009-11-20.
- ^Williams, Hywel (2005).Cassell's Chronology of World History,p. 135.ISBN0-304-35730-8.
- ^John Shannon Hendrix (30 June 2012).The Splendor of English Gothic Architecture.Parkstone International. p. 23.ISBN978-1-78042-891-8.
- ^Leigh Hatts (28 February 2017).The Pilgrims' Way: To Canterbury from Winchester and London.Cicerone Press Limited.ISBN978-1-78362-460-7.
- ^Crouch, David (2004)."Marshal, William (I), fourth earl of Pembroke (c.1146–1219)".Oxford Dictionary of National Biography(Online ed.). Oxford University Press.doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/18126.Retrieved2013-11-05.(Subscription orUK public library membershiprequired.)
- ^Shell-Gellasch, Amy(2005).From Calculus to Computers: Using the Last 200 Years of Mathematics History in the Classroom.Mathematical Association of America. p. 110.ISBN0-88385-178-4.
- ^Guillaume de Puylaurens (2003).The Chronicle of William of Puylaurens: The Albigensian Crusade and Its Aftermath.Boydell Press. p. 23.ISBN978-0-85115-925-6.
- ^The International Buddhist Forum Quarterly.International Buddhist Forum Foundation. 1977. p. 15.
- ^Dante Alighieri (1893).Divine Comedy, Consisting of the Inferno - Purgatorio & Paradiso.S. Sonnenschein. p. 12.
- ^"Library & Archives – History".Oxford: Merton College. Archived fromthe originalon 2012-05-13.Retrieved2012-05-08.
- ^Stam, David H. (January 2001).International Dictionary of Library Histories.Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. pp. 880–.ISBN978-1-57958-244-9.
- ^"The Divine Comedy".Britannica.Retrieved1 July2017.
- ^Íslenzk fræði.Bókaútgáfa Menningarsjósðs. 1937. p. 20.
- ^The Nibelungenlied: The Lay of the Nibelungs.Oxford University Press. 2010. p. xi.ISBN978-0-19-923854-5.
- ^Wada, Yoko (2010).A Companion to Ancrene Wisse.Cambridge, UK: D.S. Brewer. p. 1.ISBN978-1-84384-243-9.
- ^Beeman, William O. (1986).Language, Status and Power in Iran.Bloomington: Indiana University Press. p.43.ISBN0-253-33139-0.
- ^Black, Fiona C. (2006).The Recycled Bible: Autobiography, Culture, and the Space Between.Atlanta, GA: Society of Biblical Literature. p.138.ISBN978-1-58983-146-9.
- ^Brand, Peter;Pertile, Lino,eds. (1999)."2 – Poetry. Francis of Assisi".The Cambridge History of Italian Literature.Cambridge University Press. p. 5.ISBN978-0-52166622-0.Retrieved2013-09-29.
- ^Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992).The Chronology of British History.London: Century Ltd. pp. 79–81.ISBN0-7126-5616-2.
- ^Magill, Frank Northen (1958).Masterplots Cyclopedia of World Authors.Salem Press. p. 40.
- ^"Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs".University of Cambridge Digital Library.Retrieved1 July2017.
- ^13th century in literaturein theGerman National Librarycatalogue
- ^"Dante Alighieri".The Guardian.Retrieved1 July2017.
- ^Matthew Paris.CUP Archive. p. 11.
- ^Jean-Pierre Torrell (2005).Saint Thomas Aquinas: the person and his work.CUA Press. p. 1.ISBN978-0-8132-1423-8.
- ^George Sarton (1967).Introduction to the History of Science...Williams & Wilkins. p. 249.ISBN978-0-598-25427-6.
- ^Randel Don (1996).The Harvard Biographical Dictionary of Music.Harvard University Press. p. 460.ISBN978-0-674-37299-3.