1298
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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| Years: |
| 1298 by topic |
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| Leaders |
| Birth and death categories |
| Births–Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments–Disestablishments |
| Art and literature |
| 1298 in poetry |
| Gregorian calendar | 1298 MCCXCVIII |
| Ab urbe condita | 2051 |
| Armenian calendar | 747 ԹՎ ՉԽԷ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6048 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1219–1220 |
| Bengali calendar | 705 |
| Berber calendar | 2248 |
| English Regnal year | 26Edw. 1– 27Edw. 1 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1842 |
| Burmese calendar | 660 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6806–6807 |
| Chinese calendar | Đinh dậuNiên (FireRooster) 3995 or 3788 — to — Mậu tuất niên (EarthDog) 3996 or 3789 |
| Coptic calendar | 1014–1015 |
| Discordian calendar | 2464 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1290–1291 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5058–5059 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| -Vikram Samvat | 1354–1355 |
| -Shaka Samvat | 1219–1220 |
| -Kali Yuga | 4398–4399 |
| Holocene calendar | 11298 |
| Igbo calendar | 298–299 |
| Iranian calendar | 676–677 |
| Islamic calendar | 697–698 |
| Japanese calendar | Einin6 ( vĩnh nhân ６ niên ) |
| Javanese calendar | 1209–1210 |
| Julian calendar | 1298 MCCXCVIII |
| Korean calendar | 3631 |
| Minguo calendar | 614 beforeROC Dân tiền 614 niên |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −170 |
| Thai solar calendar | 1840–1841 |
| Tibetan calendar | Âm hỏa kê niên (female Fire-Rooster) 1424 or 1043 or 271 — to — Dương thổ cẩu niên (male Earth-Dog) 1425 or 1044 or 272 |
Year1298(MCCXCVIII) was acommon year starting on Wednesday(link will display the full calendar) of theJulian calendar.
Events[edit]
By place[edit]
Europe[edit]
- April 20–Rindfleisch massacres:The Jews ofRöttingenareburneden masse. TheColmarDominican Rudolph (refers to him in Latin as acarnifex,i.e. butcher or executioner) goes from town to town and kills all the Jews that fall under his control. He destroys the Jewish communities atRothenburg ob der Tauber,Würzburg,Bamberg,Dinkelsbühl,NördlingenandForchheim.In theFree Imperial City of Nuremberg,the Jews thought to seek refuge in theNuremberg Castle,which are assisted by Christian citizens. But Rindfleisch overcomes the defenders and massacres the Jews, onAugust 1.Spreading fromFranconiato Bavaria andAustria,Rindfleisch and his persecutors destroy 146 communities, and some 20,000 Jews are killed.[1]
- June 1–Battle of Turaida:Forces of theLivonian Orderare decisively defeated nearTuraida Castleby the residents ofRiga,allied with theGrand Duchy of LithuaniaunderVytenis.After their defeat, the Livonians receive reinforcements from theTeutonic Orderand defeat the residents of Riga and Lithuanians nearNeuermühlen,onJune 28.The knights proceed with their campaign, and besiege and capture Riga. In response, KingEric VI(Menved) threatens to invadeLivonia,but a truce is reached and the conflict is mediated by PopeBoniface VIII.[2]
- July 2–Battle of Göllheim:German forces of DukeAlbert Idefeat KingAdolf of NassauatGöllheimover the prince electors' decision, without electoral act – to dethrone Adolf and proclaim Albert the new ruler ofGermanyatFrankfurt,onJuly 27.During the battle, Adolf is killed and his army is destroyed with the loss of 3,000 horses.[3]
- September 9–Battle of Curzola:The Genoese fleet (some 80 galleys) led by AdmiralLamba Doriadefeats the Venetian fleet atCurzola.The disaster is almost complete forVenice:83 of the 95 galleys are destroyed and some 7,000 men are killed. During the battle,Marco Polo,commanding one of the Venetian ships, is captured.[4]
- After a year's siege, the revolting Italian commune ofPalestrinanearRomesurrenders to the Papal forces, razed to the ground andsaltedby order of Boniface VIII, in an act ofdebellatio.[5]
Scotland[edit]
- Summer – KingEdward I(Longshanks) marches fromNewcastlewith his household toAlnwickand then by way ofChillinghamtoRoxburgh,where he joins the army in July. He proceeds to Lauderdale and encamps atKirkliston,to the west ofEdinburgh,where he remains fromJuly 15toJuly 20.The army is accompanied by a long train of supply wagons. Meanwhile, English supply ships, delayed by bad weather, bring food toLeith.[6]
- July 22–Battle of Falkirk:English forces (some 15,000 men) led by Edward I (Longshanks) defeat a Scottish army led byWilliam WallaceatFalkirk.During the battle, the English knights drive off the Scottish horse and archers, but cannot break the pikemen in the center. The Scottish pikemen are formed in four great "hedgehogs" (known asschiltron) but are destroyed by Englishlongbowarchers.[3]
Asia[edit]
- Mongol invasion of India:Mongol forces led byQutlugh Khwajainvade theSindhregion of theDelhi Sultanateand occupy the castle ofSivistan(modernPakistan). SultanAlauddin Khaljisends an army underZafar Khan,who defeats the Mongols, onFebruary 6.Some 20,000 Mongols are killed in the ensuing battle. The survivors are put into chains and brought toDelhi,where they aretrampled to deathby elephants.[7]
- August 30– EmperorFushimiabdicates the throne after an 11-year reign. He is succeeded by his 10-year-old sonGo-Fushimias the 93rdemperor of Japan(until1301).
By topic[edit]
Cities and towns[edit]
- August 1– The "ideal city" ofMarciacin southernFranceis founded by KingPhilip IV(the Fair) and his Seneschal Guichard de Marzé (orMarciac).[8]
Markets[edit]
- The foreign creditors of the SieneseGran TavolaBank start demanding their deposits back, thus accelerating the liquidity crisis faced by the firm.[9]
Religion[edit]
- Ambrose,Augustine,Jeromeand PopeGregory Iare named the firstDoctors of the Church.They are known collectively as the Great Doctors of the Western Church.
Technology[edit]
- Wang Zhen,Chinese inventor and politician, invents a woodenmovable typeprinting(Bi Shenginvented ceramic movable type in the11th century).
Births[edit]
- August 9–Robert Ufford,Englishnoblemanand admiral (d.1369)
- August 25–Gongwon,Korean queen consort ofGoryeo(d.1380)
- December 12–Albert II(the Lame), German nobleman (d.1358)
- Andrew Murray,Scottish nobleman, knight and politician (d.1338)
- Angelo Acciaioli,Italian nobleman, cleric, friar and bishop (d.1357)
- Bernat II de Cabrera,Aragonese nobleman and diplomat (d.1364)
- Charles of Calabria,Italian nobleman and Vicar-General (d.1328)
- Edmond de Burgh,Norman nobleman (House of Burgh) (d. 1338)
- Elizabeth of Carinthia,Sicilian queen consort andregent(d.1352)
- Everhard II of Limburg,German nobleman and co-ruler (d.1344)
- Kunigunde of Poland,Polish princess (House of Piast) (d.1331)
- Peter I of Dreux,French nobleman (House of Dreux) (d.1345)
- Qvarqvare I,Georgian nobleman and prince (mtavari) (d.1361)
- Zhou Boqi,Chinese magistrate, calligrapher and poet (d. 1369)
Deaths[edit]
- January 2–Lodomer,Hungarianprelateand archbishop
- March 14–Peter John Olivi,French theologian (b.1248)
- March 25–Siegfried I,German prince (House of Ascania)
- March 27–William of Louth(orde Luda), English bishop
- April 8–Andrew Moray,Scottish nobleman and justiciar
- April 17
- Albrecht II,German nobleman and governor (b.1235)
- Árni Þorláksson,Icelandic cleric and bishop (b.1237)
- May 4–Frederick VI,German nobleman, knight and co-ruler
- May 22–Robert de Tiptoft,Norman landowner and governor
- June 11–Yolanda of Hungaria,Hungarian princess (b. 1235)
- July 2–Adolf of Nassau,king ofGermany(House of Nassau)
- July 13orJuly 16–Jacobus de Voragine,Italian archbishop
- July 22
- John de Graham,Scottish nobleman (Clan Graham)
- John Stewart,Scottish nobleman (Clan Stewart)
- MacDuff of Fife,Scottish nobleman (Clan MacDuff)
- July 23–Thoros III(orToros), king ofCilician Armenia(b.1271)
- August 1–Mordechai ben Hillel,German Jewishrabbi(b.1250)
- August 25–Albert II of Saxony,German nobleman and co-ruler
- August 28–William Houghton,English diplomat and archbishop
- August 29–Eleanor of England,daughter ofEdward I(b.1269)
- September 9–Andrea Dandolo,Venetian nobleman and admiral
- September 29–Guido I da Montefeltro,Italian military strategist
- December 31–Humphrey de Bohun,English nobleman (b.1249)
- Aimery IV of Narbonne,Italian nobleman and knight (condottiero)
- Elisabeth of Wetzikon,Swiss noblewoman andabbess(b. 1235)
- Euphrosyne of Greater Poland,Polish princess (House of Piast)
- Ibn Wasil,Ayyubid scholar, judge, diplomat and writer (b.1208)
- Jacopo del Cassero,Italian nobleman and magistrate (b.1260)
- John of Genoa(orBalbus), Italian priest, grammarian and writer
- John of Procida,Italian scholar, physician and diplomat (b.1210)
- Lourenço Soares de Valadares,Portuguese nobleman (b.1230)
- Mugai Nyodai,Japanese nun, abbess andZen Master(b.1223)
- Otto V(the Tall), German nobleman, knight and regent (b.1246)
- Smilets of Bulgaria,Bulgarian emperor (tsar) (House of Smilets)
- Thomas the Rhymer,Scottish nobleman (laird), knight and poet
- Thomas Weyland,English landowner, lawyer and administrator
- William de Beauchamp,English nobleman and knight (b.1238)
- William the Hardy(the Bold), Scottish nobleman and warlord
- Yang Hui(orQianguang), Chinese mathematician and writer
- Yaqut al-Musta'simi,Abbasideunuch,calligrapher and writer
References[edit]
- ^Haim Beinart (1981).Carta's Atlas of the Jewish people in the Middle Ages.Carta Jerusalem.ISBN965-220-035-2.
- ^Wyatt, Walter James (1876).The history of Prussia: from the earliest times to the present day,pp. 327–329. Vol 1. London: Longmans, Green and co.OCLC1599888.
- ^abWilliams, Hywel (2005).Cassell's Chronology of World History.London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.ISBN0-304-35730-8.
- ^Nicol, Donald M. (1988).Byzantium and Venice: A Study in Diplomatic and Cultural Relations.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.ISBN0-521-34157-4.
- ^Chamberlin E. R. (1969).The Bad Popes,pp. 102–104. Chapter III: "The Lord of Europe".ISBN0-88029-116-8.
- ^Armstrong, Pete (2003). Osprey:Stirling Bridge & Falkirk 1297–98,pp. 62–63.ISBN1-84176-510-4.
- ^Banarsi Prasad Saksena (1992). "The Khalijs: Alauddin Khalij", p. 332. In Mohammad Habib and Khaliq Ahmad Nizami (ed.).A Comprehensive History of India: The Delhi Sultanat (A.D. 1206–1526). Vol. 5 (Second ed.). The Indian History Congress/People's Publishing House.OCLC31870180.
- ^"Marciac - John Reps Bastides Collection".bastides.library.cornell.edu.RetrievedApril 28,2016.
- ^Catoni, Giuliano."BONSIGNORI".Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani.RetrievedDecember 20,2011.