1313
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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| Centuries: | |
| Decades: | |
| Years: |
Year1313(MCCCXIII) was acommon year starting on Monday(link will display the full calendar) of theJulian calendar.
| 1313 by topic |
|---|
| Leaders |
| Birth and death categories |
| Births–Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments–Disestablishments |
| Art and literature |
| 1313 in poetry |
| Gregorian calendar | 1313 MCCCXIII |
| Ab urbe condita | 2066 |
| Armenian calendar | 762 ԹՎ ՉԿԲ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6063 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1234–1235 |
| Bengali calendar | 720 |
| Berber calendar | 2263 |
| English Regnal year | 6Edw. 2– 7Edw. 2 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1857 |
| Burmese calendar | 675 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6821–6822 |
| Chinese calendar | Nhâm tửNiên (WaterRat) 4010 or 3803 — to — Quý sửu niên (WaterOx) 4011 or 3804 |
| Coptic calendar | 1029–1030 |
| Discordian calendar | 2479 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1305–1306 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5073–5074 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| -Vikram Samvat | 1369–1370 |
| -Shaka Samvat | 1234–1235 |
| -Kali Yuga | 4413–4414 |
| Holocene calendar | 11313 |
| Igbo calendar | 313–314 |
| Iranian calendar | 691–692 |
| Islamic calendar | 712–713 |
| Japanese calendar | Shōwa2 ( chính hòa ２ niên ) |
| Javanese calendar | 1224–1225 |
| Julian calendar | 1313 MCCCXIII |
| Korean calendar | 3646 |
| Minguo calendar | 599 beforeROC Dân tiền 599 niên |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −155 |
| Thai solar calendar | 1855–1856 |
| Tibetan calendar | Dương thủy thử niên (male Water-Rat) 1439 or 1058 or 286 — to — Âm thủy ngưu niên (female Water-Ox) 1440 or 1059 or 287 |
Events
[edit]January – March
[edit]- January 8– KingRobert the Bruceof Scotland recapturesPerth Castlefrom the English, then orders the walls and the building to be destroyed in order to prevent it from ever being used by the English again as a garrison.
- February 3–William de Sancto Claro,theBishop of Dunkeldand commonly known as William Sinclair, is issued a safe conduct pass by England's King Edward II in order to return toScotlandfrom Rome.
- February 7– (12th waxing of Tabaung, 674 ME) In what is now the Mandalay Region of centralMyanmarin Asia, Burmese KingThihathuproclaims thePinya Kingdom,to separate the area from the Myinsaing Kingdom.[1]Thihathu appoints his son,Kyawswa I of Pinya,to replace him as the Viceroy of Pinle in Myinsaing.
- March 28–Francesco da BarberinoofTuscanyreceives a doctorate of both civil law and canonical law, by a bull issued byPope Clement V.
April – June
[edit]- April 20– TheDuchy of Masoviain Poland is divided among the three sons ofBoleslaw IIupon his death, withSiemowit IIcreating theDuchy of Rawa(with a capital atRawa Mazowiecka),TrojdenreceivingCzerskandWenceslausreceivingPłock.
- April 22– On the first Sunday afterEaster,the French shipSte Marieis shipwrecked on England'sIsle of WightatChale Bay.Residents nearby loot the ship of its cargo, casks of wine belonging to Regimus de Depe of Aquitaine.[2]As an act ofpenance,the Lord of Chale, Walder de Godeton, builds theSt Catherine's Oratory.
- May 5– Seventeen years after his death in prison inFerentino,the laterPope Celestine Vis canonized as a Roman Catholic saint.[3]
- May 6– In India,Veera Virupaksha Ballala,son and heir of EmperorVeera Ballala IIIof theHoysala Empire,returns to the capital,Halebidu(now a ruins in the state ofKarnataka), after two years as a hostage. Emperor Ballala III had agreed to leave his son behind atDelhifor two years as part of his surrender to the Delhi SultanAlauddin Khalji.[4]
- May 14– In Poland,Bolko II of Opoleand his brotherAlbert of Strzelcebecome the new rulers ofOpoleand Upper Silesia upon the death of their father,Bolko I.
- May 17–Robert the Bruce,King of Scotland, leads an invasion of theIsle of Man,landing atRamseywith a multitude of ships and captures it within five days. The only resistance is presented by the lord ofCastle Rushen,and King Robert concentrates his efforts on a siege of the castle starting on May 22.
- May 28–Thomas Cobham,Archdeacon of Lewes,is elected by his peers to be theArchbishop of CanterburyinEngland,but King Edward II intervenes and asks Pope Clement V to cancel the result. The Pope installsWalter Reynoldsas the new archbishop on October 1.[5]
- June 12–Castle Rushen,on theIsle of Man,surrenders to Scotland's King Robert the Bruce after a siege of three weeks.[6]
- June 13– PopeClement Vdeclares Naples to be under papal protection. He namesKing Robert the Wise of Naples,"Senator ofRome".[7]
- June 21– In Germany, peace is made betweenRudolf I, Duke of Bavaria,and his younger brother,Louis the Bavarian,with Rudolf having control of the Electoral Palatinate, in return for supporting the election of Louis as the next Holy Roman Emperor.
- June 24– From the English garrison atStirling Castlein Scottish territory, SirPhilip Mowbrayproposes a truce withEdward Bruce,brother of King Robert the Bruce of Scotland, after a siege of "many months".[8]Edward Bruce agrees to what Scottish historianPatrick Fraser Tytlerwill describe five centuries later as "a truce involving conditions which ought on no account to have been accepted." As Tytler notes, the effect "was to check the ardour of the Scots in that career of success, which was now rapidly leading to the complete deliverance of their country; it gave the King of England a whole year to assemble the strength of his dominions... We need not wonder, then, that Bruce was highly incensed, on hearing that, without consulting him, his brother had agreed to Mowbray's proposals."[9][10]
July – September
[edit]- July 29– In a complicated marital pact,Catherine of Valois–Courtenay,theLatin Empress of Constantinople,breaks her engagement toHugh V, Duke of Burgundy,styled theKing of Thessalonicain order to marryPhilip I, Prince of Taranto,styled the King of Albania and Lord of Achaea. In exchange for Hugh's forbearance, Catherine cedes her lands to Hugh's sister,Joan the Lame,wife of Catherine's half-brotherPhilip of Valois,and Hugh becomes engaged toJoan of France.On the same day as Philip's marriage to Catherine, former fiancée of Hugh, Hugh's brotherLouis of BurgundymarriesMatilda of Hainaut(who had broken off her engagement to Philip of Taranto's sonCharles of Taranto) and Philip of Taranto cedes thePrincipality of Achaeato Hugh and Matilda.[11]
- August 8– EmperorHenry VIIbegins a campaign againstKing Robert of Naples( "Robert the Wise" ). Henry's allies are loath to join him and his 15,000-man army, supported by 4,000 knights, while the imperial fleet is prepared to attack King Robert's realm directly.
- August 9– In the town ofHorsensinDenmark,Eric of Jutlandreaches a settlement withKing Eric VI Menvedand receives theDuchy of Schleswigin return for renouncing all claims toLangeland.
- August 24– A week after contractingmalariaduring the siege of the Neapolitan city ofSiena,the Holy Roman Emperor Henry VII dies ofmalariaatBuonconvento.His 17-year-old son,John of Bohemia,will succeed him and will become one of the sevenprince-electorsof theHoly Roman Empire.[12]Upon learning of the Henry's death,Louis, Duke of Bavariagoes to war against his cousin,Frederick the Fair,Duke of Austria and Styria, as both compete to be elected the new Emperor, a competition which will eventually be resolved in favour of Louis.
- September 23– TheEnglish Parliamentis called into session for the fourth time in less than 12 months, after three unsuccessful attempts to assemble members. King Edward II persuades the session to pass a tax bill for revenues to be collected by the following June in order to finance a new campaign against Scotland.
October – December
[edit]- October 21–Robert the Bruce,King of Scotlanddelivers an ultimatum at a meeting of the Scottish nobles at an assembly inDundee,giving Scots who have not yet come into his peace agreement a year to swear fealty to him or lose all their estates.[13][14]The Scottish nobles ofLothianappeal to Edward II for protection, who promises to bring an English expeditionary force by midsummer in 1314.[15]
- November 9–Battle of Gammelsdorf:German forces led byLouis IV the Bavarian "defeat his cousinFrederick the Fair,atGammelsdorf,who is supported byLeopold I the Glorious,Duke of Austria. During the battle, Louis' smaller force does not pursue Frederick's defeated army. He is forced to renounce his tutelage over the young dukes ofLower Bavaria(Henry XIV,Otto IVandHenry XV). The conflict causes a stir within the Holy Roman Empire.[16]
- November 18– QueenConstance of Portugal,mother of the 2-year-old KingAlfonso XIdies. Alfonso's grandmother Queen dowagerMaría de Molina,his unclePeter of Castile,and his great-uncleJohn of Castiledivide the regency over the young Alfonso. While Maria takes charge of his education, the infantes, especially Peter, assume the duty of defendingCastile.[17]
- December 26– Three days after receiving authorization from the English Parliament for a feudal levy, King Edward II issues a summons for eight earls and 87 barons to muster their troops atBerwick-upon-Tweedby June 10 for an invasion of Scotland.[18]
By place
[edit]Asia
[edit]- Tran Anh Tong,emperor ofAnnam(NorthernVietnam), occupiesChampa(Southern Vietnam) and establishes the Cham royal dynasty as puppet rulers.[19]
By topic
[edit]Literature
[edit]- Wang Zhen,Chinese agronomist, government official and inventor of wooden-basedmovable typeprinting, publishes theNong Shu( "Book of Agriculture" ).[20]
Religion
[edit]- KingStefan Milutin,one of the most powerful rulers ofSerbia,founds theBanjska Monastery(approximate date).[21]
Births
[edit]- February 9–Maria of Portugal,queen consort ofCastile(d.1357)
- February 14–Thomas Beauchamp,Englishnobleman(d.1369)
- April 17–Constantine III of Armenia,king ofCilician Armenia(d.1362)[22]
- June 16–Giovanni Boccaccio,Italian poet and writer (d.1375)[23]
- July 20–John Tiptoft,English nobleman and chancellor (d.1367)
- August 1–Kōgon,emperor ofJapan(Northern Court) (d.1364)
- November 16–Ibn al-Khatib,Arab polymath and writer (d.1374)[24]
- date unknown
- Bartolus de Saxoferrato,Italian professor and jurist (d. 1357)
- Blanche of France,French princess (House of Capet) (d.1358)
- Cola di Rienzo,Italian ruler (de facto) and politician (d.1354)
- Guy of Boulogne,French archbishop and diplomat (d.1373)
Deaths
[edit]- February 28–John Hastings,English nobleman, knight and peer (b.1262)
- April 13–Guillaume de Nogaret,French statesman and councillor (b.1260)
- April 20–Bolesław II,Polish nobleman, prince and co-ruler (House of Piast)
- May 11–Robert Winchelsey,English archbishop and theologian (b.1245)
- May 14–Bolko I,Polish nobleman and co-ruler (House of Piast) (b.1258)
- June 18–John de Burgh( "John Burke" ), Irish nobleman and knight (b.1286)
- July 24–Ralph Baldock(Ralph Baldoc), English bishop andLord Chancellor
- July 27–Bernhard of Prambach,German bishop (b.1220)
- August 10–Guido de Baysio,Italian canonist, professor, jurist and writer
- August 24–Henry VII,Holy Roman Emperor (b.1273)
- September 8–Rupen of Montfort,Cypriot nobleman (House of Montfort)
- September 13–Notburga of Eben,Austrian peasant and saint (b.1265)
- September 24–Philip Despenser,English nobleman and knight (b.1290)
- September 29–Imagina of Limburg,queen consort ofGermany(b.1255)
- October 28–Elisabeth of Carinthia,queen consort of Germany (b. 1262)
- November 18–Constance of Portugal,queen consort ofCastile(b. 1290)
- November 26–Thomas de Multon,English nobleman and knight (b.1276)
- date unknown
- Baldwin of Ibelin,Cypriot nobleman and knight (House of Ibelin)
- Baybars al-Ala'i,Mamluk nobleman and governor (House of Bahri)
- Bolad( "Chingsang" ), Mongol minister, diplomat and chancellor
- Gonsalvus of Spain,Spanish priest, theologian and philosopher
- Martim Afonso Chichorro,Portuguese nobleman and knight (b.1250)
- Rudolf I,German nobleman, knight and co-ruler (House of Zähringen)
- Simon of Clermont,French nobleman and bishop (House of Clermont)
- Takatsukasa Mototada,Japanese nobleman (Fujiwara Clan) (b.1247)
- Tekle Haymanot( "Tekle the Righteous" ), Ethiopian monk andhermit(b.1215)
- Walter de Huntercombe,English nobleman and governor (b. 1247)
- Walter de Thornbury,Irish cleric, statesman and Lord Chancellor
References
[edit]- ^Hmannan Yazawin,Volume 1 (2003), p. 370
- ^"Blessed Mary",Historic England Research Records,HeritageGateway.org
- ^Ronald C. Finucane,Contested Canonizations: The Last Medieval Saints, 1482–1523(Catholic University of America Press, 2011) p.19
- ^Kishori Saran Lal,History of the Khaljis (1290–1320)(The Indian Press, 1950) p.214
- ^E. B. Fryde, et al.Handbook of British Chronology(Cambridge University Press, 1996) p. 233
- ^Michael Brown,Bannockburn: The Scottish Wars and the British Isles, 1307–1323(Edinburgh University Press, 2008) p.46
- ^Fleck, Cathleen A. (2016).The Clement Bible at the Medieval Courts of Naples and Avignon,p. 129. Routledge.
- ^Stewart Dick,The Pageant of the Forth(A. C. McClurg & Company, 1911) p.107
- ^Patrick Fraser Tytler,History of Scotland(William Tait, 1845) p. 270
- ^Fawcett, Richard (1995).Stirling Castle,p. 23. B. T. Batsford/Historic Scotland.ISBN0-7134-7623-0.
- ^"The Morea, 1311–1364", by Peter Topping, inA History of the Crusades, Volume III: The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries,ed. by Kenneth M. Setton and Harry W. Hazard (University of Wisconsin Press, 1975) pp.104–140.
- ^Jones, Michael (2000).The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume VI: c. 1300–1415,p. 536. Cambridge University Press.
- ^Regesta Regum Scottorum: The Acts of Robert I, King of Scots, 1306-1329,ed. by Archibald A. M. Duncan (Edinburgh University Press, 1988) p.113
- ^John Barbour,The Bruce(Canongate Books, 2010) p.376
- ^Armstrong, Pete (2002). Osprey:Bannockburn 1314 – Robert Bruce's great victory,p. 35.ISBN1-85532-609-4
- ^Rogers, Clifford J. (2010).The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology, Volume 1,p. 190. Oxford: Oxford University Press.ISBN9780195334036.
- ^Joseph F. Callaghan (2011).The Gibraltar Crusade: Castile and the Battle for the Strait,p. 137. University of Pennsylvania Press.ISBN978-0-8122-2302-6.
- ^Michael Penman,Robert the Bruce: King of the Scots(Yale University Press, 2014) p.137
- ^Hywel Williams (2005).Cassell's Chronology of World History,p. 156.ISBN0-304-35730-8.
- ^Needham, Joseph (1986).Science and Civilization in China: Volume 6, Part 2,p. 59. Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd.
- ^Tomašević, Nebojša (1983).Treasures of Yugoslavia: An Encyclopedic Touring Guide,p. 449. Yugoslaviapublic.
- ^Boase, T. S. R. (1978).The Cilician Kingdom of Armenia.Edinburgh: Scottish Academic Press.ISBN0-7073-0145-9.
- ^The Life of Dante,translated by Vincenzo Zin Bollettino (1990). New York: Garland.ISBN1-84391-006-3.
- ^Knysh, Alexander (2000).Ibn al-Khatib: The Literature of Al-Andalus,pp. 358–372.ISBN978-0-521-47159-6.