1315
Appearance
Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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Centuries: | |
Decades: | |
Years: |
1315 by topic |
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Leaders |
Birth and death categories |
Births–Deaths |
Establishments and disestablishments categories |
Establishments–Disestablishments |
Art and literature |
1315 in poetry |
Gregorian calendar | 1315 MCCCXV |
Ab urbe condita | 2068 |
Armenian calendar | 764 ԹՎ ՉԿԴ |
Assyrian calendar | 6065 |
Balinese saka calendar | 1236–1237 |
Bengali calendar | 722 |
Berber calendar | 2265 |
English Regnal year | 8Edw. 2– 9Edw. 2 |
Buddhist calendar | 1859 |
Burmese calendar | 677 |
Byzantine calendar | 6823–6824 |
Chinese calendar | Giáp dầnNiên (WoodTiger) 4012 or 3805 — to — Ất mão niên (WoodRabbit) 4013 or 3806 |
Coptic calendar | 1031–1032 |
Discordian calendar | 2481 |
Ethiopian calendar | 1307–1308 |
Hebrew calendar | 5075–5076 |
Hindu calendars | |
-Vikram Samvat | 1371–1372 |
-Shaka Samvat | 1236–1237 |
-Kali Yuga | 4415–4416 |
Holocene calendar | 11315 |
Igbo calendar | 315–316 |
Iranian calendar | 693–694 |
Islamic calendar | 714–715 |
Japanese calendar | Shōwa4 ( chính hòa 4 niên ) |
Javanese calendar | 1226–1227 |
Julian calendar | 1315 MCCCXV |
Korean calendar | 3648 |
Minguo calendar | 597 beforeROC Dân tiền 597 niên |
Nanakshahi calendar | −153 |
Thai solar calendar | 1857–1858 |
Tibetan calendar | Dương mộc hổ niên (male Wood-Tiger) 1441 or 1060 or 288 — to — Âm mộc thỏ niên (female Wood-Rabbit) 1442 or 1061 or 289 |
Year1315(MCCCXV) was acommon year starting on Wednesday(link will display the full calendar) of theJulian calendar.
Events
[edit]January – March
[edit]- January 2– KingEdward II of Englandburies his friend, the latePiers Gaveston,having secured a papal absolution in one of the last acts ofPope Clement V.The burial takes place somewhere near theKing's Langley PrioryinHertfordshire,but the location of the tomb is subsequently forgotten. Gaveston had been excommunicated before he had been executed.
- January 20– The English Parliament is convened at Lincoln to hear the reading of theArticuli Cleri,the list of grievances against the church in England. The parliament ends on March 9.
- February 12– Italian sculptorTino di Camainois commissioned by theRepublic of Pisato create the statue of the lateEnrico VII di Lussemburgo(Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Italy), to be finished in less than six months for the August 24 dedication of Henry's tomb. Camaino delivers the work by July 26.[1]
- February 15–John of Argyllreports to King Edward II of England that he and his army have recovered theIsle of Manand expelled the Scottish occupiers. Archibald A. M. Duncan, ed.,Acts of Robert I (1306-1329)(Edinburgh University Press, 1988) p.378
- March 4– (4 Dhu al-Hijjah 714 AH) TheEmir of Mecca,Abu al-Ghayth,is defeated in a battle near Mecca by his brotherHumaydah ibn Abi Numayy.[2]Wounded in battle, then captured by the enemy, Abu al-Ghayth is executed by order of his brother at Khayf Bani Shadid.
- March 8– TheAl-Shamah Mosque,in what is nowGaza CityinPalestine,is completed after being commissioned by the Mamluk Sultanate Governor of Gaza,Sanjar al-Jawli.[3]
- March 27– In China,Kunga Lotro Gyaltsenis installed as theImperial Preceptorof Tibetan Buddhists, by order of the Mongol EmperorAyurbarwada Buyantu Khan
April – June
[edit]- April 26– TheScottish parliamentis convened atAyr,and proclaimsEdward Bruceas the legal heir to the throne to succeed if Edward's brother, KingRobert the Brucedies.[4]
- April 28– The Mamluk Sultanate army invades the Christian outpost ofMalatyainByzantium,then loots the city.[5]
- April 30
- Margaret of Burgundy,technically theQueen consort of Franceas the wife ofKing Louis X,dies in theChâteau Gaillardprison after a year of incarceration, due to her 1314 conviction for adultery. Unable to have the marriage nullified because a new Pope had not been installed, King Louis left Margaret imprisoned.[6]
- Enguerrand de Marigny,who had been theChief Minister of Franceduring the reign ofKing Philip IV of France,is hanged at theGibbet of MontfauconinParis,on orders of Philip's successor, King Louis X. "Marigny, Enguerrand de", inEncyclopædia Britannica,Volume 17 (Cambridge University Press, 1911) p.718.
- May 9– In France,Odo IVbecomes the newDuke of Burgundyupon the death of his older brother,Hugh V.
- May 26– King Edward II of England and ships with more than 6,000 troops land on the coast of Ireland atLarneto counter theScottish invasion of Ireland led by Edward Bruce.
- June 15– KingJames II of Aragonis married by proxy toMarie of Lusignan,daughter of KingHugh III of Cyprusat a ceremony attended by King James's representative atNicosia.
July – September
[edit]- July 3– King Louis X abolishesserfdomin the Kingdom of France.[7]
- July 6– In Germany,Henry II, Lord of Mecklenburgis married to Anna of Saxe-Wittenberg, daughter ofAlbert II, Duke of Saxony.The marriage produces an heir,Albert II,who will becomeDuke of Mecklenburgin 1348.
- July 22–Siege of Carlisle:Scottish forces led by KingRobert the BrucebesiegeCarlisle Castle,but the stronghold holds out, due to a well-conducted defense organized byAndrew Harclayand the siege is abandoned by August 1.[8][9]
- July 24–Otto II, Prince of Anhalt-Aschersleben,dies without leaving any heirs, bringing an end to the Principality. His assets are seized by his cousin and creditor, Bishop Albert of Halberstadt.[10]
- July 28– King Louis X of France issues a charter in allowing expelled Jews to come back to France, but under strict conditions. The French Jews will be allowed to stay in the country for 12 years, after which their right to remain will be reviewed. For identification, Jewish people are required to wear armbands in public, can only live in designated communities and are forbidden fromusury.Through this, the Jewish community will depend upon the king for their right to protection.[11]In December, SultanIsmail I of Granadaimplements similar rules for the Jews in the Spanish kingdom, directing Jews to wear ayellow badgein public.[12]
- July 31– King Louis X mobilizes an army along the Flemish border. He prohibits the export of grain and other goods toFlanders– which proves challenging to enforce.[13]Louis pressures officers of the Church at the borderlands, as well as KingEdward II,to support his effort to prevent Spanish merchant vessels from trading with the embargoed Flemish cities.[14]
- August 1– After a 10-day siege of the Irish stronghold at Carlisle, King Robert of Scotland withdraws onAugust 1.During the Scots' presence in Cumbria, Scottish forces underJames the BlackraidCopelandand plunderSt. Bees Priory.[9][15]
- August 10– As theGreat Famine of 1315–1317spreads through England and much of western Europe, King Edward II witnesses the full extent when he and his entourage stop atSt Albansand find bread and other food unavailable. A combination of heavy rains and unseasonably cold weather had led to crop failure when grain could not ripen for harvest, followed by the death of livestock from starvation, and the sharp increase of food prices.[16]
- August 11– (12th day of 7th month of 4Shōwa)Hōjō Mototokibecomes ruler (shogun) andregent(shikken) of theKamakura shogunateinJapanupon the death ofHōjō Hirotoki.
- August 17–Ferdinand of Majorcacompletes the conquest of thePrincipality of Achaea,one of the crusader states that had been founded in Greece during the Fourth Crusade, by capturing the capital,Andravida.
- August 19– KingLouis X of France,nicknamed "Louis the Quarrelsome", marries the 22-year-oldClementia of Hungary,daughter ofCharles Martel of Anjou(titular king ofHungary). He and his second wife are five days later crowned atReims.Louis becomes the 12th Capetian ruler of France. After his coronation, he passes the throne of theKingdom of Navarreto his younger brother, who becomesPhilip II of Navarre,nicknamed "Philip the Tall".[17]
- August 24– The coronation of Louis the Quarrelsome asKing Louis X of Francetakes place atReims,nine months after Louis ascended the throne upon the death of his father, Philip IV.
- August 29–Battle of Montecatini:The Pisan army (some 20,000 men) led byUguccione della Faggiuoladefeats the allied forces ofFlorenceandNaples.During the battle,Philip Imanages to escape, but his sonCharles of Taranto(titled theLatin Emperor of Constantinopleand his brotherPeter Tempestaare killed.[18]
- September 3– (3 Jumada II 715 AH)Rumaythah ibn Abi Numayy,the former emir of Mecca, arrives at the court of the Mamluk Sultan of Egypt,al-Nasir MuhammadinCairo.He receives pardon from the Sultan and seeks support against the new Emir,Humaydah ibn Abi Numayy,who had killed his brother and predecessor,Abu al-Ghayth.Al-Nasir sends Rumaythah back toMeccawith an Egyptian army. However, six days before the relief army's arrival, Humaydah pillages and burns the castle at Wadi Marr, and destroys 2,000 date palm trees.
- September 10– TheBattle of Connoris fought inCounty Antrimin Ireland (now part ofNorthern Ireland) as part of theBruce campaign in Ireland.Scottish-Irish forces commanded byEdward Bruce,brother of Scotland's King Robert the Bruce, routs the army commanded by "The Red Earl",Richard Óg de Burgh, 2nd Earl of Ulster.[19]Those earls not captured by the Scottish Army flee toCarrickfergus Castle
October – December
[edit]- October 9–Banastre Rebellion:A group of English knights start an uprising inLancashireand revenge themselves onThomas of Lancaster.After the rebellion,Liverpool Castleis granted toRobert de Holland.
- November 15–Battle of Morgarten:The Swiss defeatLeopold of Austriaon the shore of theÄgerisee,ensuring independence for theSwiss Confederation.[20]
- November 17– The marriage of KingJames II of Aragonto Marie of Lusignan is performed in person after Marie has traveled to Spain, with the ceremony taking place atGirona.
- December 9– In Switzerland, thePact of Brunnenis signed between leaders of thecantonsofUri,SchwyzandUnterwaldenat the city ofBrunnenin Schwyz as a mutual defense pact against an invasion by Austria.
- December 13
- Gaston II of Foix-Béarnbecomes the new French representative to rule theCo-principality of Andorraafter the death of his father,Gaston I.
- (3 Jumada II 715 AH)Rumaythah ibn Abi Numayyarrives at Mecca with an Egyptian Army, led by the emirs Najm al-Din Damurkhan ibn Qaraman and Sayf al-Din Taydamur al-Jamadar, then spends two weeks in making plans to drive out the EmirHumaydah ibn Abi Numayy.They loot Humaydah's castle at al-Khalf wal-Khulayf, plunder the wealth inside and capture his 12-year-old son, but Humaydah himself escapes to Iraq.
By place
[edit]Europe
[edit]- Spring –Great Famine of 1315–1317:Afamineand pestilence sweeps overEurope,and exacts so frightful a toll of human life that the phenomenon is to be regarded as one of the most impressive features of the period. It covers almost the whole ofNorthern Europe;the current territory ofIreland,England,France,Netherlands,GermanyandPoland.The adverse weather conditions, the ensuing crop failures, and the sharp rise in food prices cause an acute shortage of food that will last for two years. The famine causes millions of deaths (according to estimates, around 10 to 25% of the urban population dies).[21]
By topic
[edit]Cities and Towns
[edit]- Cairo,capital of theMamluk Sultanatebecomes the largest city in the world, taking the lead fromHangzhouin MongolianChina(approximate date).
- Siegfried II,bishop ofHildesheim,providesDasselinLower Saxony,Germany withcity rights.
- In theNetherlands,Vlissingen(Anglicized to "Flushing" later) is granted city rights.
Births
[edit]- January 20–Yi Ja-chun,Koreannoblemanand general (d.1361)
- February 22–Chunghye,Korean crown prince and king (d.1344)
- April 5–King James IIIofMajorca,who will be nicknamed "James the Unfortunate".(d.1349)
- April 14– EmirMuhammad IV of Granada,Nasrid ruler (sultan) of theEmirate of Granada,now part of Spain. (d.1333)
- May 4–John Segrave,English nobleman and landowner (d.1353)
- May 20–Bonne of Luxembourg,queen consort ofFrance(d. 1349)
- date unknown
- Albert IV,German nobleman (House of Ascania) (d.1343)
- Federico di Pagana,Genoese nobleman anddoge(d.1406)
- TheEmpress Gi,Chinese concubine and empress consort as wife ofEmperor Huizongof the Yuan dynasty (d.1369)
- James of Piedmont,Italian nobleman (House of Savoy) (d.1367)
- Joanna of Hainault,French noblewoman andregent(d.1374)
- Johann Hiltalinger,Swiss bishop, theologian and writer (d.1392)
- John FitzWalter,English nobleman, knight and landowner (d. 1361)
- Kujō Michinori,Japanese nobleman (kugyō) and regent (d. 1349)
- Louis V,German nobleman, knight, prince and co-ruler (d. 1361)
- Marie de Bourbon,Latin princess (House of Bourbon) (d.1387)
- Pierre d'Orgemont,French politician and chancellor (d.1389)
- Raoul II of Brienne,French nobleman and constable (d.1350)[22]
- Roger Beauchamp,English nobleman and chamberlain (d.1380)[23]
Deaths
[edit]- January 15–Gyeguk,Korean queen consort ofGoryeo(b.1285)
- March 10–Agnes Blannbekin,Austrian mystic and writer (b.1244)[24]
- April 30
- Enguerrand de Marigny,FrenchGrand Chamberlain(b.1260)
- Margaret of Burgundy,queen consort of France (b.1290)
- May 1–Margaret of Brandenburg,German noblewoman (b.1270)
- May 9–Hugh V,French nobleman (House of Burgundy) (b.1294)
- June 27–Mieszko I,Polish nobleman and knight (House of Piast)
- July 24–Otto II,German nobleman and prince (House of Ascania)
- August 12–Guy de Beauchamp,English nobleman andmagnate
- August 18–Hōjō Hirotoki,Japanese nobleman and regent (b.1279)
- August 29– (Killed in theBattle of Montecatini)
- Charles of Taranto,Italian nobleman (House of Anjou) (b.1296)
- Peter Tempesta,nicknamed "Storm", Italian nobleman and knight (b.1291)
- August 31–Andrea Dotti,Italian nobleman and preacher (b.1256)
- November 24–Fulk FitzWarin,English nobleman and landowner
- December 6–William Greenfield,Englishrectorand archbishop
- December 13–Gaston I,Occitan nobleman and knight (b.1287)
- date unknown
- Abu al-Ghayth ibn Abi Numayy,Hasanid ruler ofMecca
- Adolph VI,German nobleman, knight and ruler (b. 1256)
- Esclaramunda of Foix,queen consort ofMajorca(b.1250)
- Henry of Treviso,Germanhermit,pilgrim and saint (b. 1250)
- Ibn al-Raqqam,Andalusian astronomer and jurist (b. 1250)
- Jean Pitard,French physician,surgeonand writer (b.1228)
- John I of Chalon-Arlay,French nobleman (House of Chalon-Arlay) (b.1258)
- Juan Núñez II de Lara,Spanish nobleman (House of Lara) (b.1276)
- Lanfranc of Milan,Italian cleric, surgeon and writer (b. 1250)
- Lu Zhi,Chinese official, politician, poet and writer (b.1243)
- Margaret of Villehardouin,Latin noblewoman and princess
- Nichigen,JapaneseBuddhistmonk and disciple (b.1262)
- Robert FitzPayne,English nobleman, knight and governor
- Stephen Ákos,Hungarian nobleman andoligarch(b. 1260)
References
[edit]- ^"Sienese and Pisan Trecento Sculpture", by W. R. Valentiner, inThe Art Bulletin(March 1927) p.192
- ^al-Najm Ibn Fahd,Itḥāf al-wará bi-akhbār Umm al-Qurá,p. 152–153
- ^Martin Abraham Meyer,History of the City of Gaza: from the earliest times to the present day(Columbia University Press, 1907) p.150
- ^Sarah Crome,Scotland's First War of Independence(Auch Books, 1999) p.127
- ^"Malatya", inİslâm Ansiklopedisi,Volume 27 (Türk Diyanet Vakfı', 2003) pp. 468–473
- ^Jim Bradbury,The Capetians: Kings of France, 987-1328(Continuum Books, 2007)
- ^"Lettres portant que les serfs du Domaine du Roy seront affranchis, moyennant finance, Imprimerie nationale, 3 juillet 1315", inRecueil général des anciennes lois françaises,vol. 3, p. 583
- ^Armstrong, Pete (2002). Osprey:Bannockburn 1314 – Robert Bruce's Great Victory,p. 86.ISBN1-85532-609-4.
- ^abMcNamee, Colin (2010). Rogers, Clifford J. (ed.).The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Ttechnology,Volume 1, pp. 127–128. Oxford University Press.ISBN9780195334036.
- ^Jan Gyllenbok,Encyclopaedia of Historical Metrology, Weights, and MeasuresVolume 2 (Springer, 2018) p.1146
- ^Robert Chazan,Church, State, and Jews in the Middle Ages(Behrman House, 1979) pp.79–80
- ^Ulysse R. (1891).Les Signes d'Infamie.Translated by Adler C. and Jacobs J. in the Jewish Encyclopedia: The unedited full-text of the 1906 Jewish Encyclopedia.
- ^Carl Jacob Kulsrud,Maritime Neutrality to 1780: A History of the Main Principles Governing Neutrality and Belligerency to 1780(Little, Brown and Company, 1936) p.213
- ^Jordan, William Chester (2005).Unceasing Strife, Unending Fear: Jacques de Therines and the Freedom of the Church in the Age of the Last Capetians,pp. 151–152. Princeton University Press.
- ^Armstrong, Pete (2002). Osprey:Bannockburn 1314 – Robert Bruce's great victory,p. 83.ISBN1-85532-609-4.
- ^"Edward II: The Great Famine, 1315 to 1317", by Kathryn Warner (2009)
- ^Routledge Revivals: Medieval France (1995): An Encyclopedia.Taylor & Francis. 2017. p. 568.ISBN9781351665667.
- ^Kelly, Samantha (2003).The New Solomon: Robert of Naples (1309–1343) and Fourteenth Century Kingship,p. 228. Brill.
- ^Art Cosgrove, ed., Art, ed.,A New History of Ireland(Oxford University Press, 2008) pp.286–288
- ^McCrackan, William Denison (1901).The rise of the Swiss republic: a history.H. Holt.
- ^Jordan, W. C. (1996).The Great Famine: Northern Europe in the early Fourteenth Century,pp. 169–170. Princeton University Press.
- ^Tuchman, Barbara Wertheim (1978).A Distant Mirror: The Calamitous 14th Century,p. 127. Knopf.ISBN978-0-394-40026-6.
- ^Richardson, Douglas (2011). Everingham, Kimball G. (ed.).Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families,p. 471. Vol III (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City.ISBN978-1449966386.
- ^Wilson, Katharina M.; Wilson, M. (1991).An Encyclopedia of Continental Women Writers.Taylor & Francis. p. 138.ISBN978-0-8240-8547-6.