1322
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | |
| Decades: | |
| Years: |
| 1322 by topic |
|---|
| Leaders |
| Birth and death categories |
| Births–Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments–Disestablishments |
| Art and literature |
| 1322 in poetry |
| Gregorian calendar | 1322 MCCCXXII |
| Ab urbe condita | 2075 |
| Armenian calendar | 771 ԹՎ ՉՀԱ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6072 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1243–1244 |
| Bengali calendar | 729 |
| Berber calendar | 2272 |
| English Regnal year | 15Edw. 2– 16Edw. 2 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1866 |
| Burmese calendar | 684 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6830–6831 |
| Chinese calendar | Tân dậuNiên (MetalRooster) 4019 or 3812 — to — Nhâm tuất niên (WaterDog) 4020 or 3813 |
| Coptic calendar | 1038–1039 |
| Discordian calendar | 2488 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1314–1315 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5082–5083 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| -Vikram Samvat | 1378–1379 |
| -Shaka Samvat | 1243–1244 |
| -Kali Yuga | 4422–4423 |
| Holocene calendar | 11322 |
| Igbo calendar | 322–323 |
| Iranian calendar | 700–701 |
| Islamic calendar | 721–722 |
| Japanese calendar | Genkō2 ( nguyên hanh ２ niên ) |
| Javanese calendar | 1233–1234 |
| Julian calendar | 1322 MCCCXXII |
| Korean calendar | 3655 |
| Minguo calendar | 590 beforeROC Dân tiền 590 niên |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −146 |
| Thai solar calendar | 1864–1865 |
| Tibetan calendar | Âm kim kê niên (female Iron-Rooster) 1448 or 1067 or 295 — to — Dương thủy cẩu niên (male Water-Dog) 1449 or 1068 or 296 |
Year1322(MCCCXXII) was acommon year starting on Friday(link will display the full calendar) of theJulian calendar.
Events[edit]
January – March[edit]
- January 3–Charles IV the Fair,the last member of theHouse of Capetand younger brother ofKing Philip Vbecomes the newKing of Franceupon Philip's death atLongchamp Abbey,nearParis.After Charles assumes the throne, he refuses to release his wifeBlanche of Burgundy,who is imprisoned for adultery with a Norman knight, from prison, and asks that the marriage be annulled.
- January 6–Stephen Uroš III Dečanskibecomes king ofSerbia,having defeated his half-brotherStefan Konstantinin battle. He is crowned by ArchbishopNikodim I,and his 14-year-old sonStefan Dušanbecomes co-ruler of Serbia. This is the first coronation for a "young king" in Serbia. Dečanski later grants him the province ofZetaas a fief, indicating his intention for Dušan to be his heir.[1]
- January 12–Marie of Brabant,queen consort of France dies.
- February 13– The collapse of the central crossing tower ofEly Cathedral,possibly as a result of digging foundations for theLady Chapel,allows the construction of theOctagonthat takes its place.
- March 10–Battle of Burton Bridge:KingEdward IIorders an attack on the fortified positions of the rebel army underThomas of LancasteratWalton-on-Trent.Thomas is heavily outnumbered and decides to withdraw, but is pursued by Edward's troops. He escapes with the remnants of his army toTutbury Castleand evades Edward's patrols to cross the floodedDove River.Finally, Thomas makes his way northwards.[2]
- March 16–Battle of Boroughbridge:English forces (some 4,000 men) led byAndrew Harclaydefeat the rebel barons atBoroughbridge.During the battle, Harclay holds the bridge against fierce rebel attacks and Thomas of Lancaster is forced to surrender.[3]
- March 22– After ashow trialatPontefract Castle,and his conviction by a tribunal for treason against the crown, English rebel Thomas of Lancaster is beheaded in public.
April – June[edit]
- April 14–Baron Badlesmere,who had led an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow King Edward II of England, is found guilty of treason at a trial inCanterbury.His death sentence is carried out later in the day.[4]
- April 22–Albert IVbecomes the new Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg in Germany upon the death of his father,John II
- April 30–Tarabya Ibecomes the new ruler of theSagaing KingdomofBurmaon the 1st waning of Kason 684 ME (on theBurmese calendar), after the death of KingSaw Yun,according to theYazawin Thitchronicle.
- May 19– At the request of King Philip V of France,Pope John XXIIannuls the marriage of Philip andBlanche of Burgundy.Blanche is transferred from prison toGavray Castle.[5]
- June 24– In Italy,Galeazzo I Viscontibecomes the newLord of Milanupon the death of his fatherMatteo I Visconti.
- June 26–Alice de Lacy, Countess of Lincoln,surrenders almost all of her properties to King Edward II in order to avoid execution.
July – September[edit]
- July 1–Al-Nasir Muhammad,the Mamluk Sultan ofEgypt,asks for aid from the Ikhanate Mongol ruler ofIran,Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan,for help in what is now southernTurkey.Al-Nasir had started a campaign against theArmenian Kingdom of Cilicia,led byKing Oshin,and Pope John XXII had recently dispatched troops to aid the Armenians. By the time the Ikhanate troops arrive, a ceasefire has been negotiated between the Muslims and the Christians.[6]
- July 6– In northern Italy, troops of the semi-independentPatriarchate of Aquileia,led by BishopPagano della Torre,are routed in a battle atBassignanaagainst theDuchy of Milan,led by DukeGaleazzo I Visconti.[7]
- July 17– An agreement is reached in theByzantine civil warbetweenEmperor Andronikos IIand his rebellious grandson,Andronikos III Palaiologos,signed outside the Byzantine fortress of Epibates (nowSelimpaşain Turkey).[8]The two men agree that they will jointly rule Byzantium as co-Emperors.
- August 1–Pope John XXIIissues a general decree condemning theFraticelli(Spriritual Franciscans) in theKingdom of Naples,urgingKing Roberto il Saggio( "Robert the Wise" ) to suppress the adherents rebelling against Roman Catholic doctrine.
- August 27– (Genkō 2, 16th day of 8th month) In Japan, historianKokan Shirencompletes his work, the Genkyo Shakusho, the oldest existing account of the development of Buddhism in Japan.
- September 17–Louis Dampierrebecomes the newCount of Flandersin what is now the Flemish-speaking half ofBelgium,upon the death of his grandfather,Robert III,"The Lion of Flanders". Louis had recently become Count of Nevers upon the July 22 death of his father (and Robert's eldest son),Count Louis.
- September 20–Scotland's KingRobert the Brucebegins the "Great Raid"of sites in northernEngland,leading troops across theRiver Tweedand starting with an attack onNorham Castle.England's King Edward II responds with an order directing the English Army to assemble atNewcastle upon Tyneto make a counterattack.[9]
- September 21– King Charles IV the Fair of France marries the 18-year-oldMarie of Luxembourg,the eldest daughter of the lateHenry VII, Holy Roman Emperor,following the annulment of Charles's marriage to Blanche of Burgundy die at a young age.[10]
- September 28–Battle of Mühldorf:Bavarian forces (some 2,000 men) led byKing Louis the Bavariandefeat the Austrians commanded by his cousin,Frederick the Fair,Duke of Austria and self-proclaimed pretender to the Bavarian throne (oranti-king) atMühldorfin southernBavaria). During the battle, Frederick is captured together with his 22-year-old brother,Henry the Friendly(along with 1,000 nobles). Frederick is imprisoned at Trausnitz Castle for two and a half years before his release by the signing of theTreaty of Trausnitzon March 13, 1325.[11]
October – December[edit]
- October 14–Battle of Old Byland:Scottish forces led by KingRobert the Brucedefeat the English army inYorkshire.During the battle, Robert and his highlanders charge themselves in a flanking position, from where the English troops are overrun. Edward II narrowly escapes capture and is forced to abandon his personal equipment, silver plate, jewelry and horse trappings. He flees with his retinue toBridlington.[12]
- November 2
- Dmitry of Tver,nicknamed "Dmitry of the Fearsome Eyes", Grand Prince of Tver in Russia, becomes the new monarch of theGrand Principality of Vladimir.
- Scotland's KingRobert the Bruceends his "Great Raid"campaign after six weeks, and withdraws his troops from northern England.[9]
- November 3–Margaret de Clareand widow of the Baron Baldesmere, is freed from incarceration after having spent more than a year as the first woman ever to be imprisoned in theTower of London.Margaret retires to a religious life at the convent of the Minorite Sisters (now called theOrder of Saint Clare.
- November 16– The tiny Spanish emirate ofGuadix,created afterNasrwas forced to abdicate as Sultan of Granada in 1314, comes to an end upon Nasr's death.
- December 8– Pope John XXII issues the papal bullAd conditorem canonum,permanently renouncing the doctrine that the Roman Catholic Church owns all of the properties of theFranciscan Order.[13]
- December 25– KingJames II of Aragonmarries for the fourth time during his reign, taking as his brideElisenda de Montcada,in a ceremony in the Spanish city ofTarragona.
By place[edit]
Europe[edit]
- Summer –Battle of Bliska:A coalition of Croatian noblemen (with the support of KingCharles I) defeatsMladen II Šubić of Bribir,ruler (ban) ofBosnia.After the battle, Mladen is arrested by the Croatian Parliament during an assembly held inKnin Fortressand is taken as a prisoner to the royal court inHungaryonOctober 8.[14]
- The DalmatianHouse of Keglević(generatio Percal) is mentioned in a document for the first time (approximate date).
Births[edit]
- January 11–Emperor Kōmyōof Japan, with the birth name "Prince Yutahito". (d.1380)
- January 21–Sin Don,Korean monk and teacher (d.1371)
- February 12–John Henry,Bohemian prince and ruler (d.1375)
- June 24–Joanna of Brabant,Dutch noblewoman (d.1406)[15]
- date unknown
- Agnes of Austria,German princess and ruler (d.1392)
- Al-Taftazani,Persianpolymathand theologian (d.1390)
- Imelda Lambertini,Italian nun and patroness (d.1333)
- Michael Asen IV,Bulgarian prince and co-ruler (d.1355)
- Nicolas de Besse,French bishop and cardinal (d.1369)
- Nicolaus of Luxemburg,Bohemian patriarch (d.1358)[16]
- Reynold Grey,Englishnoblemanand peerage (d.1388)
Deaths[edit]
- January 3–Philip the Tall,king ofFrance(b.1293)
- January 10–Petrus Aureolus,French philosopher (b.1280)
- January 12–Marie of Brabant,queen consort of France (b.1254)
- February 9–Philip III,German nobleman and co-ruler (b.1257)
- March 16–Humphrey de Bohun,English nobleman (b.1276)
- March 22–Thomas of Lancaster,English nobleman (b.1278)
- March 23– (Battle of Boroughbridge)
- John Mowbray,English nobleman and knight (b.1286)
- Roger Clifford,English nobleman and knight (b.1300)
- April 8–Margaret of Bohemia,Bohemian noblewoman (b.1296)
- April 14–Bartholonew Badlesmere,English nobleman (b.1275)
- April 22
- Francis of Fabriano,Italian priest and writer (b.1251)
- John II,German nobleman, knight and co-ruler (b. 1275)
- June 24–Matteo I Visconti,Italian nobleman and ruler (b.1250)
- June 26–Gilbert Peche,English nobleman, knight and seneschal
- July 22–Louis I,French nobleman (House of Dampierre) (b.1272)
- August 10–John of La Verna,Italian friar and preacher (b.1259)[17]
- August 25–Beatrice of Silesia,queen consort ofGermany(b.1290)
- September 7–Henry the Admirable,Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen (b.1267)
- September 17–Robert III,Flemish nobleman and knight (b.1249)
- November 1–Dagi Khatun,Mongol noblewoman and empress[18]
- November 16–Nasr of Granada,Nasrid prince and ruler (b.1287)
- December 3–Maud Chaworth,English noblewoman (b.1282)
- date unknown
- Bertha van Heukelom,Dutch noblewoman and heroine
- Fernando de la Cerda,Spanish prince (infante) (b. 1275)
- Hugh I,French nobleman (House of Chalon-Arlay) (b.1288)
- Hugh of Newcastle,English monk, philosopher and writer[19]
- Jacob van Oudshoorn,Dutch nobleman and prince-bishop
- John of Charolais,French nobleman and knight (b.1283)[20]
- Lope Díaz de Haro,Spanish nobleman (House of Haro)[21]
- Ma Duanlin,Chinese encyclopaedist and writer (b.1245)
- Matfre Ermengau,French friar,troubadourand theologian
- Radnashiri,Mongol noblewoman and empress consort[22]
- Rickard de Bermingham,Anglo-Irish nobleman and knight
- Stefan Konstantin,Serbian nobleman and king (b. 1283)
- Theodore Svetoslav,Bulgarian emperor (House of Terter)
- Theoleptos of Philadelphia,Byzantine mystic and bishop[23]
- Thomas de Multon,English nobleman, knight and peerage
- William Inge,English nobleman and Chief Justice (b.1260)
- Zhao Mengfu,Chinese teacher and calligrapher (b. 1254)
References[edit]
- ^Fine, John V.A. Jr. (1994).The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest,p. 263. University Michigan Press.ISBN0-472-08260-4.
- ^Fergusson, Irvine (1902).A History of the family of Holland of Mobberley and Knutsford in the country of Chester,p. 11. Edinburgh: Ballantyne Press.
- ^McKisack, May (1959).The Fourteenth Century: 1307–1399,pp. 66–67. Oxford University Press.ISBN0-19-821712-9.
- ^"Badlesmere, Bartholomew, Baron",Encyclopædia Britannica,Vol. 3 (11th ed.)(Cambridge University Press, 1911) p.189
- ^Echols, Anne and Marty Williams (1992).An Annotated Index of Medieval Women,p. 87. Princeton: Markus Wiener.
- ^Jacob G. Ghazarian,The Armenian Kingdom in Cilicia During the Crusades(Curzon Press, 2000) pp. 73-77
- ^"Della Torre, Pagano", inDizionario biografico degli italiani(Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana, 1989)
- ^"Roman Horses, Enemy Horses and Writers: The Testimony ofHistoria Romanaby Nikephoros Gregoras ", by Alexia-Foteini Stamouli, inThe Liminal Horse: Equitation and Boundaries,ed. by Rena Maguire and Anastasija Roja (Trivent Publishing, 2021) p. 142
- ^abRobert Kerr,History of Scotland during the Reign of Robert I, surnamed the Bruce(Brown & Crombie, 1811) pp.280-281
- ^Echols, Anne and Marty Williams (1992).An Annotated Index of Medieval Woman,p. 328. Princeton: Markus Wiener.
- ^Delbrück, Hans (1982).History of the Art of War, Volume III: Medieval Warfare,p. 541. University of Nebraska Press.
- ^Armstrong, Pete 2002). Osprey:Bannockburn 1314 – Robert Bruce's great victory,p. 89.ISBN1-85532-609-4.
- ^Massimiliano Traversino Di Cristo,Against the Backdrop of Sovereignty and Absolutism: The Theology of God's Power and Its Bearing on the Western Legal Tradition, 1100–1600(Brill, 2022) p.75
- ^Fine, John V.A. Jr. (1994).The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest,p. 212. University Michigan Press.ISBN0-472-08260-4.
- ^Vale, Malcolm (2002).The Princely Court: Medieval Courts and Culture in North-West Europe, 1270–1380,pp. 194–195. Oxford University Press.
- ^Marco Innocenti (2001). "Nikolaus von Luxemburg". In Bautz, Traugott (ed.).Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL)(in German). Vol. 18. Herzberg: Bautz col. 1344–1346.ISBN3-88309-086-7.
- ^Robinson, Paschal (1910). "Blessed John of Fermo". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).Catholic Encyclopedia.Vol 8. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
- ^Allsen, Thomas T. (2001).Culture and Conquest in Mongol Eurasia,p. 38. Cambridge Studies in Islamic Civilization. Cambridge University Press.ISBN978-0-521-80335-9.
- ^Michael Tilly (1990). "Hugo de Novocastro". In Bautz, Friedrich Wilhelm (ed.).Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL)(in German). Vol. 2. Hamm: Bautz. col. 1144.ISBN3-88309-032-8.
- ^Laiou, Angeliki E.(1972).Constantinople and the Latins: the foreign policy of Andronicus II, 1282–1328,p. 251. Harvard University Press.
- ^Del Valle Curieses, Rafael (2000).Maria de Molina: el soberano ejercicio de la concordia: (1260–1321).Madrid: Alderabán.ISBN84-95414-03-1.
- ^Zhao, George Qingzhi (2008).Marriage as Political Strategy and Cultural Expression: Mongolian Royal Marriages from World Empire to Yuan Dynasty,p. 246. Peter Lang.ISBN978-1-4331-0275-2.
- ^Talbot, Alice-Mary (1991). "Theoleptos". In Kazhdan, Alexander (ed.).The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium,pp. 2056–57. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.ISBN978-0-19-504652-6.