1340s in England
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Events from the1340s inEngland
Incumbents
[edit]Events
[edit]- 1340
- 25 January – KingEdward III of Englandis declared King ofFrance.[1]
- Maundy Thursday – great fire atSpondonin Derbyshire.
- 24 June –Hundred Years' War:TheBattle of Sluysis fought between thenaval fleetsof England and France. The battle ends with the almost complete destruction of the French fleet.[2]
- 26 July – Hundred Years' War: French victory at theBattle of Saint-Omer.
- 25 September – Hundred Years' War: TemporaryTruce of Espléchinbetween England and France.[3]
- 27 October – Michael of Northgate completes his translation of theAyenbite of Inwyt.[1]
- Weights and Measures Act[4]provides that "Bushels and Weights shall be made and sent into every Country."
- 1340 or 1341 –Richard Folvilleand fellow members of theFolville gangare cornered and decapitated at his church inTeigh,Rutland.
- 1341
- 18 January –The Queen's Collegein theUniversity of Oxford,is founded.
- July –Breton War of Succession:England and France support rival claimants to the duchy ofBrittany.[3]
- 1342
- 20 May–22 July –Colchesteris besieged and ransomed for the first time byJohn FitzWalter, 2nd Baron FitzWalterof Lexden in a dispute with the townspeople.[5]
- 18 August –Breton War of Succession:The English win a decisive naval battle over theGenoesefleet at theBattle of Brest.
- September – Breton War of Succession: IndecisiveBattle of Morlaixfought between the French and the English.[3]
- October – Breton War of Succession: England conquers most of Brittany.[3]
- 1343
- 28 March –earthquakefelt inLindsey, Lincolnshire.
- May – English forces underHenry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster,accompanied by his sonHenry, Earl of Derby,andWilliam Montagu, Earl of Salisbury,arrive to aid theCrown of Castilein theSiege of Algeciras (1342–44).
- 1344
- 19 June – three-day "Round Table"tournamentheld atWindsor Castle.[3]
- Edward IIIintroduces three new gold coins, theflorin,leopard,andhelm.Unfortunately the amount of gold in the coins does not match their value of six shillings, three shillings, and one shilling and sixpence, so they have to be withdrawn and mostly melted down by August of this year.
- Hundred Years' War: Peace talks, sponsored by theAvignonPope,fail.[3]
- Licence to crenellateChillingham CastleinNorthumberlandissued.
- 1345
- August – Hundred Years' War: English victory over the French at theBattle of Bergerac.
- 21 October – Hundred Years' War: English victory over the French at theBattle of Auberoche.
- 1346
- April – Hundred Years' War: French invadeGascony.[3]
- 9 June – Breton War of Succession: At theBattle of St Pol de Leon,Thomas Dagworth's army defeats that ofCharles, Duke of Brittany.
- 26 July – Hundred Years' War: English victory over the French at theBattle of Caen.[1]
- 24 August – Hundred Years' War: English victory over the French at theBattle of Blanchetaque.
- 26 August – Hundred Years' War: The English under Edward III andEdward, the Black Princewin a decisive victory over the French at theBattle of Crécy.[2]
- 4 September – Hundred Years' War: EnglishbesiegeCalais.[3]
- 17 October –Second War of Scottish Independence:England wins a decisive victory over theScotsat theBattle of Neville's Cross.[1]
- 1347
- June – Hundred Years' War: English defeat a French claimant to the duchy of Brittany.[3]
- 4 August – Hundred Years' War: English capture Calais following the Siege of Calais. The town remains an English possession until 1558.[1]
- 28 September – Hundred Years' War: Temporary truce with France.[3]
- 24 December –Pembroke Collegein theUniversity of Cambridgeis founded byMarie de St Pol,Countess of Pembroke, as the Hall of Valence Marie.
- 1348
- January – Gonville Hall, the forerunner ofGonville and Caius College, Cambridge,is founded.
- 23 April (Saint George's Day) – Edward III creates the first English order of chivalry, theOrder of the Garter,atWindsor Castle.[1]
- By 24 June – theBlack Deathpandemic has reached England,[1]the bacteriumYersinia pestishaving probably been brought by a sailor fromGasconyto the port ofMelcombe(modern-dayWeymouth, Dorset).[6][7]It spreads across the south and west, rapidly reaching (or perhaps arising separately at) Bristol.
- 1 July –Joan,daughter of Edward III, dies of the Black Death at Bordeaux whileen routeto marryPeter of Castile.
- 28 July –William Zouche,Archbishop of York, issues a warning (Terribilis) to his diocese of "great mortalities, pestilences and infections of the air".[8]
- 28 September –John de Uffordnominated to the Archbishopric of Canterbury by papal bull.
- By November – the Black Death has reached London.[3]There is probablypneumonic plaguepresent here also.[7]
- 14 December – John de Ufford becomesArchbishop of Canterbury.
- 1349
- Black Death in Englandreaches the north, devastatingYork(May) andChester.Over 20% and perhaps as many as 60% of the population die.[3]The plague diminishes by the end of the year. Scots raid across the border as far south asDurhambut through this or other means the plague spreads to Scotland.[7]
- January – Parliament is prorogued because of the plague.[7]
- 27 March – An earthquake strikesMeaux Abbey.
- 20 May –John de Ufforddies of the Black Death before beingconsecratedArchbishop of Canterbury.[9]
- 18 June – TheOrdinance of Labourersissued due to the large number of agricultural workers killed by the Black Death.
- 19 June –Thomas Bradwardineelected to the Archbishopric of Canterbury.
- 25 August – Thomas Bradwardine dies of the Plague.[3]
- October – Hundred Years' War: Small royal force entersCalaisto protect the town against capture by France.[3]
- 17 November – Pope Clement VI annuls the marriage ofWilliam Montacute, 2nd Earl of Salisbury,andJoan of Kent,on the grounds of her prior marriage toThomas Holland, 1st Earl of Kent.
- 20 December –Simon Islipenthroned asArchbishop of Canterbury.
Births
[edit]- 1340
- 6 March –John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster(died 1399)
- 1341
- 5 June –Edmund of Langley,son of KingEdward III of England(died 1402)
- 10 November –Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland(died 1408)[10]
- 1342
- Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford(died 1373)
- Julian of Norwich,mystic (died 1413)
- 1343
- Thomas Percy, 1st Earl of Worcester,rebel (died 1403)
- Approximate date –Geoffrey Chaucer,poet (died 1400)
- 1344
- Edmund Stafford,Lord Chancellor of England and Bishop of Exeter (died 1419)
- 1345
- 25 March –Blanche of Lancaster,wife ofJohn of Gaunt(died 1369)
- Eleanor Maltravers,noblewoman (died 1405)
- 1346
- Richard FitzAlan, 11th Earl of Arundel(died 1397)
- 1348
- John FitzAlan, 1st Baron Arundel(died 1379)
- Approximate date –Alice Perrers,mistress of King Edward III (died 1400/01)
Deaths
[edit]- 1340
- 4 December –Henry Burghersh,bishop and chancellor (born 1292)
- William Melton,archbishop (year of birth unknown)
- 1341
- Richard Folville,outlaw and parson, dies resisting arrest (year of birth unknown)
- 1344
- William Montacute, 1st Earl of Salisbury(born 1301)
- 1345
- 14 April –Richard Aungerville,writer and bishop (born 1287)
- 22 September –Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster(born 1281)
- Richard De Bury,scholar (born 1281)
- 1346
- Eustace Folville,outlaw (year of birth unknown)
- 1347
- Adam Murimuth,ecclesiastic and chronicler (born 1274)
- John de Warenne, 7th Earl of Surrey(born 1286)
- 1348
- John de Stratford,Archbishop of Canterbury(year of birth unknown)
- 1349
- 10 April –William of Ockham,philosopher (born 1285)
- 31 May –Thomas Wake,politician (born 1297)
- 26 August –Thomas Bradwardine,Archbishop of Canterbury
- 29 September –Richard Rolle,religious writer (born 1300)
References
[edit]- ^abcdefgWilliams, Hywel (2005).Cassell's Chronology of World History.London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp.161–164.ISBN0-304-35730-8.
- ^abPenguin Pocket On This Day.Penguin Reference Library. 2006.ISBN0-14-102715-0.
- ^abcdefghijklmnPalmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992).The Chronology of British History.London: Century Ltd. pp. 102–104.ISBN0-7126-5616-2.
- ^14° Edward III. st. 1. Cap. 12.Ruffhead, Owen, ed. (1763).Statutes at Large.Vol. 1. p. 227.Retrieved2012-02-25.
- ^Cooper, Janet; Elrington, C. R., eds. (1994). "Medieval Colchester: Introduction".A History of the County of Essex: Volume9,The Borough of Colchester.Victoria County History.London. pp. 19–26.Retrieved2016-05-20– via British History Online.
{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^Gransden, Antonia (1957). "A Fourteenth-Century Chronicle from the Grey Friars at Lynn".English Historical Review.lxxii: 274.doi:10.1093/ehr/lxxii.cclxxxiii.270.
- ^abcdIbeji, Mike (2011-03-10)."Black Death".History.BBC.Retrieved2024-01-12.
- ^Horrox, Rosemary (2013).The Black Death.Manchester University Press.
- ^Fryde, E. B.; et al. (eds.).Handbook of British Chronology.London: Royal Historical Society. p. 86.
- ^"Henry Percy, 1st earl of Northumberland | Lancastrian, Battle of Towton, Yorkist | Britannica".www.britannica.com.Retrieved26 July2023.