14th century in literature
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This article contains information about the literary events and publications of14th century.
Events[edit]
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- 1323 – The namePléiadeis adopted by a group of fourteen poets (seven men and seven women) inToulouse.
- 1324: 3 May (Holy Cross Day) – TheConsistori del Gay Saber,founded the previous year inToulouseto revive and perpetuate thelyric poetryof theOld Occitantroubadors,holds its first contest.Arnaut Vidal de Castelnou d'Ariwins thevioleta d'or(golden violet) for asirventesin praise of theVirgin Mary.At about this date,Raimon de CornetwritesDoctrinal de trobarin support of the aims of the Gay Saber.
- 1327
- Between 20 January and 21 September – The deposed KingEdward II of Englandperhaps writes the "Lament of Edward II".
- 6 April(Good Friday) –TuscanwriterPetrarchsees a woman he names Laura in the church of Sainte-Claire d'Avignon,which awakes in him a lasting passion. He writes a series ofsonnetsand other poems inItaliandedicated to her up to about 1368, which are collected intoIl Canzoniere,an influential model forRenaissanceculture.
- 27 August– Death ofThomas Cobham,Bishop of Worcesterin England. His books are bequeathed to theUniversity of Oxfordwhere they are installed in theUniversity Church of St Mary the Virgin,forming the university's first library.
- 1329: February – French poet and composerGuillaume de Machautis brought to theSiege of MedvėgalisbyJohn of Bohemiaso the king's crusading deeds can be commemorated in song and poetry.
- c. 1330 – Production of theMacclesfield PsalterinEast Anglia.
- 1331 – Production of theNuremberg Mahzor.
- 1341:8 April–Petrarchbecomespoet laureateat a ceremony in Rome.[1]
- 1357 – ThePolychroniconconcludes,Ranulf Higdenhaving ceased work on it at least a dozen years earlier.
- 1360 – The future English writerGeoffrey Chauceris captured by the French during theReims campaignof theHundred Years' Warand ransomed by KingEdward III of England.[2]
- 1362: September –Petrarch's libraryis donated to theRepublic of Venice,although subsequently dispersed.
- 1368
- The newHongwu EmperorinChinahalts government taxation on books.
- TheBibliothèque nationale de France(National Library of France) is founded as the Royal Library at theLouvre Palacein Paris byCharles V of France.
- 1370–1398 – Approximate date of production of the earliest part of theSankt Florian Psalter,one of the earliest surviving texts to use thePolish language.
- 1372 –Old Permic alphabetintroduced byStephen of Perm.
- 1374
- 23 April:English writerGeoffrey Chauceris granted a gallon of wine a day for the rest of his life by order of KingEdward III of Englandin recognition of his services.
- Ludolph of Saxonycompletes hisVita Christi,which appears first in book form in 1474 and becomes an influence on StIgnatius Loyolain the early 16th century.
- 1377 – Production of the earliest known copy of theLaurentian Codex.
- 1381:30 May–November –Peasants' Revoltin England. PreacherJohn Ballapparently cites the poemPiers Plowman(which is revised during this decade) andJohn Gowerincludes an account of the events in hisVox Clamantis.On 15 June, theUniversity of Cambridge's library and archives are burnt in the centre of the town, with one Margery Starre leading the mob in a dance to the rallying cry "Away with the learning of clerks, away with it!".[3]The events inspire the late 16th century playThe Life and Death of Jack Straw,[4]Robert Southey's dramatic poemWat Tyler(1794),[5]and novels such asPierce Egan the Younger'sWat Tyler(1841),[6]William Harrison Ainsworth'sMerry England(1874)[7]andWilliam Morris'sA Dream of John Ball(1886).[8]
- 1382 – Earliest recorded appearance ofWycliffe's Bible.
- 1384 –Henry of Langensteinwrites his letter,De scismate,toEchard von Dersch,Bishop of Worms.[9]
- 1386: October –Geoffrey Chauceris obliged to give up most of his official offices in London and retires toKentwhere he may work onThe Canterbury Tales.[10]
- 1388 – Revision ofWycliffe's Bibleis completed byJohn Purvey,and Wyclif's followers, known asLollards,begin to be persecuted in England.
- 1390–1 – Production of theBook of BallymoteinIreland.
- 1390s – Production of theYellow Book of Lecanin Ireland.
- 1397 – Production of theKiev PsalterinKiev Rus.
- 1398 – The early 13th century carved wooden text of theTripitaka Koreanais moved to theHaeinsaBuddhisttemple in modern-daySouth Korea,where it will remain into the 21st century.
- unknown dates
- The prose original of theAmadis de Gaulais produced (or perhaps translated intoOld Spanishfrom an earlier 14th-century version), perhaps by the knightVasco de Lobeiraor the troubadorJoão de Lobeira.
- Madhava Kandaliproduces theSaptakanda Ramayana(a retelling of theRamayana), one of the earliest written examples of theAssamese languageand the first translation fromSanskritinto one of the modern regionalIndo-Aryan languages.
- TheBardo Thodolis revealed to thetertönKarma Lingpa.
New works[edit]
- c. 1300
- Anonymous –Gesta Romanorum
- Taliesin–Book of Taliesin,Middle Welsh.Taliesin (c. 534 – c. 599) is a BrythonicbardofSub-Roman Britainbelieved to have sung at the courts of at least threeCeltic Britishkings.
- Marguerite Porete–The Mirror of Simple Souls
- Rustichello da Pisa–The Travels of Marco Polo
- c. 1300–10
- Gona Budda Reddy–Ranganatha ramayan(శ్రీ రంగనాథ రామాయణం) (Telugu language)
- Early to mid-14th century
- Shihāb al-Dīn Ahmad bin 'Abd al-Wahhābal-Nuwayri–The Ultimate Ambition in the Arts of Erudition(encyclopedia of Muslim knowledge)
- AnonymousMiddle Englishwriter from southern England (possible author of all following)
- Pseudo-Bonaventure–Meditations on the Life of Christ
- Der Busant
- Long Life of Saint Gerard(Legenda maior S. Gerardi,compiled)
- 1307
- John of Gaddesden–Rosa Medicinæ
- Rashid al-Din Hamadani–Jami' al-Tawarikh( "Compendium of Chronicles", often referred to as The Universal History or History of the World, published inTabriz,Persia)
- Svit se konča( "World is Ending" ), poem in Croatian,Glagolithicmanuscript
- c. 1308–21
- Dante Alighieri–Divine Comedy(Comedia)
- c. 1309–24
- 1310
- Amir Khusrow–Khazain-ul-Futuh
- 1310–1320
- 1312
- Jacques de Longuyon–Les Voeux du paon(The Vows of the Peacock)
- 1315–16
- Amir Khusrow–Duval Rani–Khizr Khan(Romance of Duval Rani and Khizr Khan;masnavi)
- c. 1315–25
- 1316–18
- Amir Khusrow–Noh-Sepehr(Nine Skies; 3masnavi)
- 1318
- Arnaut Vidal de Castelnou d'Ari–Guilhem de la Barra
- c. 1320–35
- c. 1320–30
- Jacob of Liège–Speculum musicae
- 1320
- Dante Alighieri–Quaestio de Aqua et Terra
- Amir Khusrow–Tughluq Nama(Book of the Tughluqs; prose)
- 1320–23
- William of Pagula–Oculus Sacerdotis(Priest's Eye, a manual for priests)
- c. 1321
- Liber Legum Regum Antiquorum(attributed toAndrew Horn)
- c. 1321–23
- Sānguózhì Pínghuà( tam quốc chí bình thoại, "Story ofRecords of the Three Kingdoms")
- 1326
- 1328
- Ramon Muntaner-Chronicle(Crònica),the longest ofThe Four Great Catalan Chronicles
- c. 1329–32
- Yoshida Kenkō( cát điền kiêm hảo ) –Tsurezuregusa(Essays in Idleness)
- 1330
- Robert of Basevorn –The Form of Preaching(date of first known MS)
- 'Michael' –Kildare Poems(MS of about this date)
- c. 1330–40
- 1330–43
- Juan Ruiz,Archpriest of Hita –The Book of Good Love(El Libro de Buen Amor)
- c. 1330–1400
- Luo Guanzhong(attributed) –Romance of the Three Kingdoms( tam quốc diễn nghĩa )
- 1335
- Matthew Blastares(compiler) –Syntagma Canonum
- Lê Tắc –An Nam chí lược( an nam chí lược )
- Don Juan Manuel–Tales of Count Lucanor
- 1335–40
- 1338–14 (first published 1396–1397)
- 1340
- Michael of Northgate (translator) –Ayenbite of Inwyt
- c. 1340
- Anonymous -The Ointment Seller
- c. 1340–41
- c. 1340–1349
- Dafydd ap Gwilym –The Girls of Llanbadarn,The DreamandThe Seagull
- 1345
- 1346
- Toqto'a (Yuan dynasty)(editor) –History of Song( tống sử,Sòng Shǐ)
- c. 1350
- Baudouin de Sebourc(probably fromHainaut)
- Prick of Conscience(Yorkshire)
- White Book of Rhydderch
- The Tale of Gamelyn(anonymous)
- 'William' –William of Palerne(English translation)
- c. 1352
- Bahubali Pandita of Sringeri –Dharmanathapuranam
- Wynnere and Wastoure(anonymous)
- 1353
- c. 1355
- c. 1360–84
- 1365
- c. 1367
- William Langland(presumed author) –Piers Plowman(earliest likely date)
- 1368–71
- 1370
- Bureau of History of theMing dynasty,under direction ofSong Lian–History of Yuan( nguyên sử,Yuán Shǐ)
- 1371
- The Travels of Sir John Mandeville(anonymous)
- Geoffroy IV de la Tour Landry–The Book of the Knight of the Tower
- Kakuichi (compiler) –The Tale of the Heike( bình gia vật ngữ,Heike Monogatari)
- Ibn Marzuq–The Correct and Fine Traditions About the Glorious Deeds of our Master Abu 'l-Hasan(Musnad as-sahid al-hasan fi maʿathir mawlana Abi 'l Hasan)
- c. 1374
- 1375
- 1376
- John Wycliffe–De civili dominio (On Civil Dominion)[11]
- 1377
- Ibn Khaldun–Muqaddimah(Prolegomena)
- 1378
- Qu You–Jiandeng Xinhua( tiễn đăng tân thoại, "New stories told while trimming the wick" )
- 1381
- Amarkosh(अमरकोश,Sanskrit-Nepal Bhasadictionary)
- 1382
- c. 1383
- 1384
- Terç del Crestià,volume 3 ofLo Crestià[12]
- Late 1380s
- Walter Hilton–The Scale of Perfection
- 1387
- John Trevisa– translation ofRanulf Higden'sPolychronicon,including "Dialogue on Translation Between a Lord and a Clerk"
- 1389
- Gopalraj Vamshavali(गोपालराज वंशावली, a history of Nepal)
- c. 1390
- Anonymous –The Forme of Cury(earliest cookbook in the English language)
- 1390
- 1390s
- 1395
- LadyJulian of Norwich–Revelations of Divine Love,first published book inEnglish languageto be written by a woman.[13]
- Mangaraja II –Mangaraja Nighantu(lexicon, 1398)
- 'Pearl Poet'
- Sayana– commentary on the Vedas.
- Ipomadon(Middle Englishtail-rhyme verse version; earliest likely date)
- South English Legendary
- Völsunga saga(approximate date of written version)
- Water Margin( thủy hử truyện,Shui Hu Zhuan;approximate date of earliest components known)
- c. 1399
- Bernat Metge-The Dream (Lo Somni),first humanist work in Catalan.
- Christine de Pizan
- Cent Ballades d'Amant et de Dame, Virelyas, Rondeaux
- L'Épistre au Dieu d'amours
- L'Épistre de Othéa a Hector
- Unknown
- Egils saga einhenda ok Ásmundar berserkjabana
- Epic of Sundiata
- Grettis saga(approximate date)
- Kavi Malla –Manmathavijaya
- Peterborough Psalter
Drama[edit]
- Li Qianfu–Circle of Chalk(Chinese:Hôi lan ký;pinyin:huīlán jì)
- c. 1350 –Misteri d'Elx(Valencian)
- 1358–76 –Katherine of Sutton(adaptations) –Depositio,Descensus Christi,ElevatioandVisitatio
- Late 14th century –Ordinalia(Middle Cornish)
Births[edit]
- 1303 –Bridget of Sweden(Birgitta Birgersdotter), Swedish mystic, writer and saint (died 1373)
- 1304 –Petrarch(Francesco Petrarca) Tuscan poet (died 1374)
- 1313 –Giovanni Boccaccio,Italian writer (died 1375)
- c. 1315 or 1317 –Hafez,Persian poet (died 1390)
- 1320 –Lalleshwari,Kashmiri Hindu poet (died 1392)
- 1332:27 May–Ibn Khaldun,North African historiographer and philosopher (died 1406)
- c. 1332 –Catherine of Vadstena,Swedish mystic, writer and saint (died 1381)
- 1333 –Kan'ami(Kan'ami Kiyotsugu ( quan a di thanh thứ ), JapaneseNohactor (died 1384)
- c. 1340–45 –Walter Hilton,English mystic writing in Latin and English (died 1396)
- c. November 1342 –Julian of Norwich,English religious writer and mystic (died c. 1416)
- 1343 –Geoffrey Chaucer,English poet (died 1400)
- 1347 –Catherine of Siena,Italian theologian and saint (died 1380)
- 1348 –Jan of Jenštejn,Archbishop of Prague, writer, composer and poet (died 1400)
- c. 1363 –Zeami Motokiyo( thế a di nguyên thanh ), Japanese Noh actor and playwright (died c. 1443)
- 1364 –Christine de Pizan,Venetian-born Middle French court poet and writer (died c. 1430)
- c. 1368 –Thomas Hoccleve,English poet and clerk (died 1426)
- c. 1373 –Margery Kempe,English mystic and autobiographer (died c. 1440)
- 1378 –Zhu Quan( chu quyền ), Prince of Ning, Chinese military commander, feudal lord, historian and playwright (died 1448)
- 1384 –Enrique de Villena,Spanish writer, theologian and poet (died 1434)
- 1393 –John Capgrave,English historian and scholastic theologian (died 1464)
- 1398 –Íñigo López de Mendoza, 1st Marquis of Santillana,Castilian politician and poet (died 1458)
Deaths[edit]
- After 1306 –Adam de la Halle,Frenchtrouvèrepoet (born c. 1237)
- 1308 –Duns Scotus,Scottish philosopher and theologian (born c. 1266)
- 1309 –Angela of Foligno,Italian mystic and saint (born1248)
- 1310:1 June–Marguerite Porete,French mystic (burnt as heretic, year of birth unknown)
- 1315:10 March–Agnes Blannbekin,AustrianBeguineand Christian mystic (born c. 1244)
- c. 1315 –Ramon Llull,Majorcan polymath and novelist in Catalan (born c. 1232)
- 1321:14 September–Dante Alighieri,Italian poet (born c. 1265)[14]
- 1325:
- 7 January– KingDenis of Portugal,poet
- October –Amir Khusrow,Sufi poet
- 1345:14 April–Richard de Bury,English bishop and bibliophile (born 1287)
- 1349: September –Richard Rolle,English hermit, mystic and religious writer (probably born between 1390 and 1400)
- c. 1350 –Yoshida Kenkō( cát điền kiêm hảo ), Japanese author and Buddhist monk (probably born 1283)
- 1364:12 March–Ranulf Higden,English chronicler
- 1373:23 July–Bridget of Sweden(Birgitta Birgersdotter), Swedish mystic, writer and saint[15]
- 1374:19 July–Petrarch,Italian poet[16]
- 1375:21 December–Giovanni Boccaccio,Italian poet[17]
- 1377: April –Guillaume de Machaut,French poet and composer
- 1380:
- 29 April–Catherine of Siena,Italian theologian and saint
- 2 December–John of Ruysbroeck(Jan van Ruysbroeck), Flemish mystic (born 1293 or 1294)
- 1381:24 March–Catherine of Vadstena,Swedish mystic, writer and saint
- 1384:
- 8 June–Kan'ami(Kan'ami Kiyotsugu, quan a di thanh thứ ), Japanese Noh playwright and actor (born 1333);
- December –John Wycliffe,philosopher, translator and theologian (born c.1320);[18]
- Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani,PersianSūfī,poet scholar.[19]
- 1392 –Lalleshwari,Kashmiri Shaivite poet and mystic
- 1395:13 March–John Barbour,Scottish poet
- 1396:24 March–Walter Hilton,English Augustinian mystic writing in Latin and English (born c. 1340–45)
- 1400:25 October–Geoffrey Chaucer,English poet (born c. 1343)[2]
See also[edit]
- 14th century in poetry
- 13th century in literature
- 15th century in literature
- List of works of fiction set in the 14th century
- List of years in literature
References[edit]
- ^John Flood (8 September 2011).Poets Laureate in the Holy Roman Empire: A Bio-bibliographical Handbook.Walter de Gruyter. p. 1531.ISBN978-3-11-091274-6.
- ^ab"Geoffrey Chaucer | Biography, Poems, Canterbury Tales, & Facts".Encyclopedia Britannica.Retrieved12 January2021.
- ^Dunn, Alastair (2002).The Great Rising of 1381: the Peasants' Revolt and England's Failed Revolution.Stroud: Tempus. pp. 128–129.ISBN978-0-7524-2323-4.
- ^anonymous (1593).The Life and Death of Iacke Straw, A notable Rebell in England Who was kild in Smithfield by the Lord Maior of London.STC (2nd ed.), 23356. London.
- ^Horace Walpole; Robert Southey; Joanna Baillie (2000).Five Romantic Plays, 1768-1821.Oxford University Press. p. 14.ISBN978-0-19-283316-7.
- ^Chris R. Vanden Bossche (1 February 2014).Reform Acts: Chartism, Social Agency, and the Victorian Novel, 1832–1867.JHU Press. p. 35.ISBN978-1-4214-1209-2.
- ^William Harrison Ainsworth (1874).Merry England: Or, Nobles and Serfs.B. Tauchnitz.
- ^William Morris (1888).A Dream of John Ball: And A King's Lesson.Reeves & Turner. p. 31.
- ^Sommerfeldt,Historisches Jahrbuch(Munich, 1909), XXX, 46–61
- ^Strohm, Paul (2014).The Poet's Tale: Chaucer and the year that made the Canterbury Tales.London: Profile Books.ISBN978-178125-059-4.
- ^History Today,Vol. 65/5, May 2015Retrieved 4 May 2017.
- ^Francesc Eiximenis. Història de la nostra gastronomiaArticle by Juan A. FernándezSóller,29 May 2010, p. 18(in Catalan)
- ^"10 things to know about Norwich"(PDF).UNESCO. November 2012. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 2 March 2014.Retrieved11 July2014.
- ^"Dante Alighieri".The Guardian.Retrieved1 July2017.
- ^Fr. Paolo O. Pirlo, SHMI (1997). "St. Bridget".My First Book of Saints.Sons of Holy Mary Immaculate – Quality Catholic Publications. pp. 158–159.ISBN971-91595-4-5.
- ^Richard K. Emmerson (18 October 2013).Key Figures in Medieval Europe: An Encyclopedia.Routledge. p. 522.ISBN978-1-136-77519-2.
- ^Giovanni Boccaccio (1893).The Decameron of Giovanni Boccaccio.Lawrence and Bullen. p. 23.
- ^Reetzke, James.Biographical Sketches: A Brief History of the Lord's Recovery.Chicago: Chicago Bibles and Books, 2003: 29. Print.
- ^Al-islam.org[1]