1400s in England
(Redirected from1407 in England)
 1400s in England |
| Other decades |
| 1380s|1390s|1400s|1410s|1420s |
Events from the1400s inEngland.
Incumbents
[edit]Events
[edit]- 1400
- January –Henry IVquells theEpiphany Risingand executes theEarlsofKent,HuntingdonandSalisburyand theBaronle Despencerfor their attempt to haveRichard IIrestored as King.[1]
- 14 February – death of the deposed Richard II inPontefract Castle.His body is displayed inold St Paul's Cathedral,London, on 17 February before initial burial inKings LangleyChurch on 6 March.
- February –Henry Percy (Hotspur)leads English incursions intoScotland.
- 23 May –Newcastle upon Tyneis granted a new royal charter, creating it acounty corporate.
- 25 July –English invasion of Scotland (1400):Henry IV leads his army north from a muster at York.
- Mid-August – the English army camp atLeithnearEdinburgh[1]but fail to besiegeEdinburgh Castle.
- 16 September –Owain Glyndŵris proclaimedPrince of Walesby his followers and begins attacking English strongholds in north-eastWales,beginning theGlyndŵr Rising.[2]
- 24 September – Welsh rebels invade England, but are turned back atWelshpool.[1]
- October – Henry launches a punitive campaign against north Wales.[1]
- December –Manuel II Palaiologosbecomes the onlyByzantine Emperorever to visit England, being entertained atEltham Palace.
- 1401
- Passing of theDe heretico comburendoAct – theArchbishop of Canterburypressures King Henry IV into outlawing ashereticsanyone owning anEnglishtranslation of theBible.[1]Death by burningis the punishment for heresy.
- 2 March –William Sawtrey,aLollard,is the first person to be burned at the stake atSmithfield.[1]
- June –Battle of Mynydd Hyddgen;outnumbered three to one, Welsh rebels defeat Anglo-Flemish force near Aberystwyth.
- June –English Palein Ireland reduced toDublin,County Kildare,County Louth,andCounty Meath.[1]
- 2 November –Battle of Tuthillnear Caernarfon; English and Welsh forces both sustain losses with no clear victor.
- December – Glyndŵr firmly establishes control over northern Wales.[1]
- 1402
- 22 June
- Battle of Nesbit Moor:An English force decisively defeats a returningScottishraiding party.
- Battle of Bryn Glas:Glyndŵr's Welsh army defeat the English on the England/Wales border;[1]Edmund Mortimer,son of the 3rd Earl, is taken and defects to the Welsh cause.
- August –Glamorganjoins Glyndŵr's revolt.[1]
- 14 September –Battle of Humbleton Hill:Northern English nobles led by SirHenry Percy (Hotspur)and usinglongbowsdecisively defeat a Scottish raiding army and capture their leader, theEarl of Douglas.[2]
- September – The English Parliament passespenal Laws against Waleswhich stop the Welsh fromgathering together,obtaining office,carrying armsand living in English towns. Any Englishman who marries a Welsh woman also comes under the laws.
- 22 June
- 1403
- 7 February – KingHenry IV of Englandmarries as his second wifeJoan of Navarre,the daughter of KingCharles II of Navarreand widow ofJohn IV, Duke of Brittany,atWinchester Cathedral.[1]
- 21 July –Battle of Shrewsbury:Henry IV defeats a rebel army led by "Hotspur" Percy who has allied with the Welsh princeOwain Glyndŵr.[2]Percy is killed in the battle by an arrow in his face.
- August – William du Chastel leads a French raid onPlymouthwhich causes substantial damage.
- Late Summer – King Henry IV is beaten by Owain Glyndŵr at theBattle of Stalling Down.
- October – a fleet organised byJohn Hawleyof Dartmouth and Thomas Norton of Bristol seizes seven French merchant vessels in theEnglish Channel.
- November – a revenge raid on Brittany by Sir William Wilford captures 40 ships and causes considerable damage ashore.[3]
- December – local forces defeat an attempted French raid on theIsle of WightunderWaleran III, Count of Ligny.[4]
- A guild of stationers is founded in theCity of London.As theWorshipful Company of Stationers and Newspaper Makers(the "Stationers' Company" ), it continues to be aLivery Companyin the 21st century.
- 1404
- 14 January – Henry grants Parliament the power to appoint Royal Councillors and hold them to account for expenditure.[1]
- April or May –Battle of Blackpool Sands:Local forces led byJohn Hawleydefeat an attempted raid fromSaint-Maloon the port ofDartmouth, Devon;the French commander, William du Chastel, is killed.[4][5]
- 10 May – Glyndŵr holds a Parliament atDolgellau.[1]
- 14 June – Owain Glyndŵr, having been declaredPrince of Wales,allies with theFrenchagainst the English.[2]
- 6 October – Parliament meets atCoventry;Henry withdraws its powers of oversight over the Royal Council.[1]
- 1405
- 11 March –Battle of Grosmont(Monmouthshire): English defeat Welsh rebels.[1]
- April –Richard Scrope,Archbishop of York, joinsHenry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland,andLord Bardolfin a rebellion in northern England.[1]
- 5 May –Battle of Usk:English defeat Welsh rebels.[1]
- 8 June – following the collapse of their revolt, Richard Scrope together withThomas de Mowbray, 4th Earl of Norfolk,and Scrope's nephew, Sir William Plumpton, are tried by a special commission and beheaded at York.[1]Scrope is the first English prelate to suffer judicial execution.
- August – Welsh rebels, assisted by the French, unsuccessfully attackWorcester.[2]
- Hundred Years' War:French attackAquitaine.
- 1406
- 1 March – Parliament meets, and continues to sit until December, when it finally achieves its aims of nominating and ensuring the payment of members of the Royal Council.[1]
- 30 March – the heir to the Scottish throne, Prince James, having been captured by English pirates on 22 March, is detained in England.[6]On 4 April he becomes KingJames I of Scotlandon the death of his father but remains detained in England for 18 years.
- 13 October –Richard Whittingtonis elected asLord Mayor of Londonfor his second full term.
- English ships attackBrodick Castleon theIsle of Arran.
- Eric of PomeraniamarriesPhilippa,daughter of Henry IV.
- Richard, Earl of Cambridge,marriesAnne de Mortimer.
- 1407
- October –Henry, Prince of Wales,besieges Welsh rebels atAberystwyth.[1]
- Central tower ofYork Minstercollapses.
- David HolbachefoundsOswestry School.
- 1408
- February –Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland,andLord Bardolfadvance with troops from exile in Scotland toThirskwhere they issue a proclamation that they have come to relieve the people from unjust taxation.
- 19 February –Battle of Bramham Moor:Thomas de Rokeby,Sheriff of Yorkshire, suppresses the Percy rebellion in the north,[1]Percy and Bardolf both being killed.
- September – Henry, Prince of Wales, retakes Aberystwyth fromOwain Glyndŵr.[1]
- Glass painterJohn Thorntonof Coventry completes the largest medieval window in England, atYork Minster.
- 1409
- January – the Welsh surrenderHarlech Castleto the English.[1]
- 28 February – Henry, Prince of Wales, appointed Constable ofDoverandWarden of the Cinque Ports.[1]
- Beverley Barbuilt as the North Gate ofBeverleyin theEast Riding of Yorkshire.
Births
[edit]- 1400
- 25 December –John Sutton, 1st Baron Dudley,Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (died 1487)
- Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury,English politician (died 1460)
- 1401
- 26 November –Henry Beaufort, 2nd Earl of Somerset(died 1418)
- 1402
- 15 August –Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham(died 1460)
- 1403
- Robert Wingfield,politician (died 1454)
- 1404
- 25 March (baptism) –John Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset,military leader (died 1444)
- Approximate date –Alice Chaucer, Duchess of Suffolk,courtier and patron of the arts (died 1475)
- 1406
- 26 September –Thomas de Ros, 8th Baron de Ros,soldier and politician (died 1430)
- 1407
- Thomas de Littleton,judge (born c. 1407)
- 1408
- 14 February –John FitzAlan, 14th Earl of Arundel(died 1435)
- 23 April –John de Vere, 12th Earl of Oxford(died 1462)
Deaths
[edit]- 1400
- 5 January
- John Montacute, 3rd Earl of Salisbury,politician (executed) (born 1350)
- Thomas Holland, 1st Duke of Surrey,politician (executed) (born 1374)
- 13 January –Thomas le Despenser, 1st Earl of Gloucester,politician (executed) (born 1373)
- 16 January –John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter,politician (executed) (born c. 1352)
- 14 February – KingRichard II(possibly murdered) (born 1367)
- 21 August –Henry Yevele,master mason (born c. 1320)
- 25 October –Geoffrey Chaucer,poet (born c. 1343)
- Ralph Strode,scholar (born 1350)
- Winter 1400/01 –Alice Perrers,mistress of King Edward III (born c. 1348)
- 5 January
- 1401
- March –William Sawtrey,Lollardmartyr (burned at the stake) (year of birth unknown)
- 8 April (or 8 August) –Thomas Beauchamp, 12th Earl of Warwick(born 1338)
- 1402
- 1 August –Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York,son of KingEdward III(born 1341)
- 1403
- 10 May –Katherine Swynford,widow ofJohn of Gaunt(born c. 1350)
- 12 May –William de Lode,prior (year of birth unknown)
- 21 July
- Henry Percy,soldier (killed in battle) (born 1364/1366)
- Edmund Stafford, 5th Earl of Stafford(killed in battle) (born 1378)
- 23 July –Thomas Percy, 1st Earl of Worcester,rebel (executed) (born 1343)
- 1404
- 27 September –William of Wykeham,bishop and statesman (born 1320)
- 1405
- 12 January –Eleanor Maltravers,noblewoman (born 1345)
- 17 August –Thomas West, 1st Baron West(born 1335)
- 1406
- 6 January –Roger Walden,bishop (year of birth unknown)
- 1408
- 20 February –Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland,statesman (born 1341)[7]
- 10/11 April –Elizabeth le Despenser,noblewoman (year of birth unknown)
- 30 December –John Hawley,merchant, mayor and MP for Dartmouth and privateer (born c. 1340s)
- 1409
- January – SirEdmund Mortimer, son of the 3rd Earl of March,rebel (born 1376)
- 22 May –Blanche of England,sister of King Henry V (born 1392)
- Thomas Merke,bishop (year of birth unknown)
References
[edit]- ^abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxPalmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992).The Chronology of British History.London: Century Ltd. pp. 115–117.ISBN0-7126-5616-2.
- ^abcdeWilliams, Hywel (2005).Cassell's Chronology of World History.London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp.171–172.ISBN0-304-35730-8.
- ^Kingsford, C. J. (1962) [1925]."IV. West Country Piracy: The School of English Seamen".Prejudice and Promise in Fifteenth Century England.London: Routledge.ISBN978-0-7146-1488-5.
- ^abLongmate, Norman(1990).Defending the Island.London: Grafton.ISBN0-586-20845-3.
- ^Mortimer, Ian(2007).The Fears of Henry IV.London: Jonathan Cape.ISBN978-0-224-07300-4.
- ^Penguin Pocket On This Day.Penguin Reference Library. 2006. p. 91.ISBN0-14-102715-0.
- ^"Henry Percy, 1st earl of Northumberland | Lancastrian, Battle of Towton, Yorkist | Britannica".www.britannica.com.Retrieved26 July2023.