1453
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| 1453 in poetry |
Year1453(MCDLIII) was acommon yearstarting on Mondayof theJulian calendar,the 1453rd year of theCommon Era(CE) andAnno Domini(AD) designations, the 453rd year of the2nd millennium,the 53rd year of the15th century,and the 4th year of the1450sdecade.
It is sometimes cited as the notional end of theMiddle Agesby historians who define the medieval period as the time between the Fall of theWestern Roman Empireand the fall of theEastern Roman Empire,due to theFall of Constantinople.[1]
Events
[edit]January–December
[edit]- April–TarabyaandStudiusare taken by theOttoman Empire,in preparation for the assault onConstantinople,as are thePrince Islands,by the Ottoman fleet under Admiral Baltaoglu.
- April 6–May 29– Siege andFall of Constantinople:TheOttomanSultanMehmed the Conquerorputs a decisive final end to theRoman Empire,nearly one and a half thousand years after its foundation byAugustus,by capturing the capital,Constantinople.[2]Mortarsare (perhaps) used in battle for the first time in this action. The consequent closure of the traditional overland route fromWestern Europeto theFar East,and need to identify newmaritimeroutes, leads to theAge of Discovery,and ends theMiddle Ages.[3]
- May 22–May 1453 lunar eclipse,a partial eclipse, is visible during the siege of Constantinople.
- July 17–Battle of Castillon:In the last pitched battle of theHundred Years' War,theFrenchunderJean Bureaudefeat theEnglishunder theEarl of Shrewsbury,who is killed.[4]
- July 23–Battle of GavereinFlanders:Philip the Good,Duke of Burgundy, is victorious over the rebels ofGhent,leading to surrender of their city and the end of theRevolt of Ghent.
- October 19– The French recaptureBordeaux,ending theHundred Years' Warand leaving the English retaining onlyCalaison French soil.
- October 28–Ladislaus the Posthumousis crownedKing of Bohemia,althoughGeorge of Poděbradyremains in control of the government.
- November 10–Sejo of Joseonkills his enemyGeneral Kim Jong-seoand gains control of the government inJoseonKorea (where this rebellion is calledGyeyujeongnan).
Births
[edit]- January 1–Bernardin Frankopan,Croatian nobleman, diplomat and soldier (d.1529)
- February 6–Girolamo Benivieni,Florentine poet (d.1542)
- March 2–Johannes Engel,German doctor, astronomer and astrologer (d.1512)[5]
- March 3–Philip II, Count of Waldeck-Eisenberg (1486–1524) (d.1524)
- March 25–Giuliano de' Medici,co-ruler of Florence withLorenzo de' Medici(d.1478)
- April 18–Margaret of Brandenburg,abbess of the Poor Clares monastery at Hof (d.1509)
- May 13–Mary Stewart, Countess of Arran,Scottish princess (d.1488)
- June 10–Francesco Soderini,Catholic cardinal (d.1524)
- September 1–Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba,Spanish general and statesman (d.1515)
- October 13–Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales(d.1471)[6]
- November 13–Christoph I, Margrave of Baden-Baden(1475–1515) (d.1527)
- November 17–Alfonso, Prince of Asturias(d.1468)
- date unknown–Jacob Obrecht,Flemish composer (d.1505)
- probable–Afonso de Albuquerque,Portuguese admiral (d.1515)
Deaths
[edit]- February 28–Isabella, Duchess of Lorraine(b.1400)
- May 29
- Constantine XI Palaiologos,lastByzantine Emperor(b.1405)
- Athanasius II of Constantinople,Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople
- Theophilos Palaiologos,Byzantine grammarian, humanist and mathematician. Cousin of Constantine XI.
- Demetrios Palaiologos Metochites,last governor of Constantinople
- Orhan Çelebi,Ottoman prince (b.1412)
- June 1–Giovanni Giustiniani,Italian captain
- June 2–Álvaro de Luna, Duke of Trujillo,Constable of Castille
- June 3–Loukas Notaras,lastmegas douxof the Byzantine Empire (b.1402)
- June 4–Andronikos Palaiologos Kantakouzenos,lastGrand Domesticof the Byzantine Empire
- July 10–Çandarlı Halil Pasha the Younger,Ottomangrand vizierfrom1439to 1 June 1453
- July 17
- Dmitry Shemyaka,Grand Prince of Moscow
- John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury,English military leader[4]
- July 20–Enguerrand de Monstrelet,French chronicler
- October 13–Jacob, Margrave of Baden-Baden(1431–1453) (b.1407)
- October 20–Yi Jing-ok,Korean military General (b.1399)[7]
- December 24–John Dunstaple,English composer (b.1390)
- Demetrius III,former co-king ofGeorgia(b. c.1413)
- Orban,iron founderand engineer
- Francesco de Aiello,Catholic bishop andArchbishop of Bari-Canosa
- Angelo Marcuzzi,Roman Catholicprelate
- William Beaumont,lord of the manorof Shirwell (b.1427)
References
[edit]- ^G. R. Potter, "The Fall of Constantinople?History Today(Jan 1953) 3#1 pp 41-49.
- ^"What Happened In 1453".Hisdates.RetrievedAugust 8,2017.
- ^Crowley, Roger (2006).Constantinople: The Last Great Siege, 1453.Faber.ISBN0-571-22185-8.(reviewed byFoster, Charles (September 22, 2006)."The Conquest of Constantinople and the end of empire".Contemporary Review.Archived fromthe originalon March 27, 2007.
It is the end of the Middle Ages
) (Archived Link) - ^abSir Richard Lodge (1910).The Close of the Middle Ages, 1272-1494.Rivingtons. p. 358.
- ^Trimble, Virginia; Williams, Thomas R.; Bracher, Katherine; Jarrell, Richard; Marché, Jordan D.; Ragep, F. Jamil (September 18, 2007).Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers.Springer Science & Business Media. p. 339.ISBN978-0-387-30400-7.
- ^Charles Kidd; Christine Shaw (June 24, 2008).Debrett's Peerage & Baronetage 2008.Debrett's. p. 140.ISBN978-1-870520-80-5.
- ^충강공 이징옥 장군(in Korean)