1460s

The1460sdecade ran from January 1, 1460, to December 31, 1469.

Events

1460

January–December

• January 15–Battle of Sandwich:YorkistsraidSandwich, Kent,England, and capture the royal fleet.
• March 5–KingChristian I of Denmarkissues theTreaty of Ribe,enabling himself to become Count ofHolstein,and regain control of Denmark's lostDuchy of Schleswig.
• April 4– TheUniversity of Baselis founded inSwitzerland.
• June 26–Wars of the Roses:Richard Neville, Earl of WarwickandEdward, Earl of March(eldest son ofRichard Plantagenet, Duke of York) land inEnglandwith an army, and march on London.
• July 4– The cannons of theTower of London,still inLancastrianhands, are fired on thecity of London,which is mostly inYorkisthands. The Tower is surrendered onJuly 19.
• July 10– Wars of the Roses –Battle of Northampton:WarwickandMarchdefeat a Lancastrian army and seize KingHenry VI of England.It is agreed that York will be Henry's heir, disinheriting the King's sonEdward of Westminster, Prince of Wales.
• August 3– While supervising a siege of English occupiers ofRoxburgh Castle,KingJames II of Scotlandis killed, when one of his owncannonsexplodes.
• December 30– Wars of the Roses –Battle of Wakefield:A Lancastrian army underHenry Beaufort, Duke of SomersetandHenry Percy, Earl of Northumberlanddecisively defeats a Yorkist army underRichard of Yorkand his son,Edmund, Earl of Rutland,who are both killed. York's sonEdwardbecomes leader of the Yorkist faction.

Date unknown

• Ali Bey MihaloğlucapturesMichael Szilágyi.
• Portuguese navigatorPedro de Sintrareaches the coast of modern-daySierra Leone.
• A famine breaks out in theDeccan Plateauof India.
• A monk, Leonardo da Pistoia, arrives inFlorencefromMacedonia,with theCorpus Hermeticum.

1461

January–December

• February 2–Battle of Mortimer's Cross:Yorkist troops led byEdward, Duke of Yorkdefeat Lancastrians underOwen Tudorand his sonJasper Tudor, Earl of Pembroke,in Wales.
• February 17–Second Battle of St Albans,England: TheEarl of Warwick's army is defeated by a Lancastrian force underQueen Margaret,who recovers control for her husband.
• March 4– The Duke of York seizes London, and proclaims himself KingEdward IV of England.
• March 5–Wars of the Roses:Henry VI of Englandis deposed byEdward, Duke of York.
• March 29–Battle of Towton:Edward IV defeats Queen Margaret, to make good his claim to the English throne (thought to be the bloodiest battle ever fought in England).
• July 10–Stephen Tomaševićbecomes the lastKing of Bosnia,on the death of his fatherStephen Thomas;he is crowned onNovember 17,inSaint Mary's Church, Jajce.
• June 28– Edward, Richard of York's son, is crowned asEdward IV,King of England (reigns until1483).
• July–ByzantinegeneralGraitzas Palaiologoshonourably surrendersSalmeniko Castle,the last garrison of theDespotate of the Morea,to invading forces of theOttoman Empire,after a year-long siege.
• July 22–Louis XI of FrancesucceedsCharles VII of Franceas king (reigns until1483).
• August 7– TheMing DynastyChinese military generalCao Qin stages a coupagainst theTianshun Emperor;after setting fire to the eastern and western gates of theImperial City, Beijing(which are doused by pouring rains during the day-long uprising), Cao Qin finds himself hemmed in on all sides by imperial forces, loses three of his own brothers in the fight, and instead of facing execution, he flees to his home in the city, and commits suicide by jumping down a well located within his walled compound.
• August 15– TheEmpire of Trebizond,the last major Romano-Greek outpost, falls to theOttoman EmpireunderMehmed II,after a21-day siege.
• November 27–1461 L'Aquila earthquake.A severe earthquake occurs inL'Aquila.

Date unknown

• Cirencester Grammar Schoolis founded in southwest England by theBishop of Durham.
• Leonardo da VinciandSandro Botticellibecome students ofVerrocchio.
• Sarajevo,capital ofBosnia and Herzegovina,is founded by theOttomans.
• François VillonwritesLe Grand Testament.

1462

January–December

• March 27–Ivan III of Russiabecomes the ruler of Russia, following the death of his father,Vasili.
• June 17–The Night Attack:Vlad III Draculaattempts to assassinateMehmed II,forcing him to retreat fromWallachia.
• June 30–Battle of Seckenheim:Frederick I, Elector Palatineis victorious over four other opponents.
• July 22– The first siege ofChiliabyStephen the Greatfails, and he is seriously wounded.
• September 17–Thirteen Years' War–Battle of Świecino(Battle of Żarnowiec): TheKingdom of Polanddefeats theTeutonic Order.
• September–Siege of Mytilene:Mehmed II captures the town ofMytilene,thus conquering the island ofLesbos.
• December– AfterRadu III the Fairtakes over the throne inWallachia,Vlad III Draculaseeks help in Transylvannia, where he is captured byMathias Corvinus,and imprisoned for the next 12 years, over false charges of treason.

Date unknown

• TheJewsare expelled fromMainz,Germany.
• Portugalbegins to settle theCape VerdeIslands, with slaves from the coast ofGuinea.

1463

January–December

• January 5– French poetFrançois Villonreceives a reprieve from death by hanging, and is banished from Paris (his further life is undocumented).
• May– TheKingdom of Bosniafalls to theOttoman Empire.
• September 15–Battle of Vistula Lagoon:The navy of thePrussian Confederationdefeats that of theTeutonic Order.
• October 8– The Truce of Hesdin ends French support for theHouse of LancasterinEngland.

Date unknown

• Muhammad Rumfastarts to rule inKano.
• Corpus Hermeticumis translated intoLatin,byMarsilio Ficino.

1464

January–December

• April 25–Battle of Hedgeley MoorinEngland:Yorkist forces underJohn Nevilledefeat the Lancastrians under SirRalph Percy,who is killed.
• May 1–Edward IV of Englandsecretly marriesElizabeth Woodville,and keeps the marriage a secret for five months afterwards.
• May 15–Battle of Hexham:Neville defeats another Lancastrian army, this one led by KingHenryandQueen Margaretthemselves. This marks the end of organized Lancastrian resistance for several years.
• June 11– A 15-year-truce between the kingdoms ofEnglandandScotlandis signed.
• June 18–Pope Pius IIhimself shoulders the cross of theCrusades,and departs forAnconato participate in person. He namesSkanderbeggeneral captain of theHoly See,under the titleAthleta Christi.This plan forces Skanderbeg to break his ten-year peace treaty with theOttomanssigned in1463,by attacking their forces nearOhrid.
• June 23–Christian I of DenmarkandNorway,who is also serving asKing of Sweden,is declared deposed from the latter throne. His deposed predecessorCharles VIII of Swedenis re-elected to the throne onAugust 9.
• August 21–Emperor Go-Hanazonoof Japan abdicates, and is succeeded by his son,Emperor Go-Tsuchimikado.
• August 30–Pope Paul IIsucceedsPope Pius II,as the 211thpope.

Date unknown

• InChina,a small rebellion occurs in the interior province ofHuguang,during theMing Dynasty;a subsequent rebellion springs up inGuangxi,where a rebellion of theMiao peopleandYao peopleforces the Ming throne to respond, by sending 30,000 troops (including 1,000Mongolcavalry) to aid the 160,000 local troops stationed in the region, to crush the rebellion that will end in1466.
• Jehan Lagadeuc writes a Breton-French-Latin dictionary called theCatholicon.It is the first French dictionary as well as the first Breton dictionary of world history, and it will be published in1499.
• Tenguella,the founder of theEmpire of Great Fulo,becomes chief of theFula people.

1465

January–December

• January 24–Chiliais conquered byStephen the Greatof Moldavia, following a second siege.
• January 29–Amadeus IXbecomesDuke of Savoy.
• January 30–Charles VIII of Swedenis deposed.ClergymanKettil Karlsson VasabecomesRegent of Sweden.
• c.March–Queens' College, Cambridge,is refounded byElizabeth Woodville.
• May 26 - Elizabeth Woodville, Queen consort of Edward IV of England, is crowned in a lavish ceremony at Westminster Abbey.
• July 16–Battle of Montlhéry:Troops of KingLouis XI of Francefight inconclusively against an army of great nobles, organized as theLeague of the Public Weal.
• July 18– Former KingHenry VI of Englandis captured by Yorkist forces. On July 24 he is imprisoned in theTower of London.Hisqueen consortMargaret of AnjouandEdward of Westminster, Prince of Wales,have fled to France.
• August 11– In Sweden, RegentKettil Karlsson Vasa,Bishop of Linköping, is succeeded as Regent by ArchbishopJöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna.

Date unknown

• TheMoroccan RevoltinFezousts the Maranid rulers, and leads to the killing of many Jews.
• Massive flooding in central and southernChinamotivates the initial construction of hundreds of new bridges.
• The main altar ofSt Martin's Church, Colmaris finished by painterCaspar Isenmann.

1466

• TheKingdom of Georgiacollapses into anarchy, and fragments into rival states ofKartli,Kakheti,Imereti,Samtskhe-Saatabagoand a number of principalities; this breakup is finalised in1490,whenConstantine II of Georgiahas to recognize his rival monarchies.
• The Mentelin Bible, the firstprintedGerman languageBible,is produced.
• Louis XI of FranceintroducessilkweavingtoLyon.
• The first known shop specialising ineyeglassesopens inStrasbourg.
• The second largest bell ofSaint Peter's Church, Fritzlarin Hesse is cast by Meister Goswin aus Fritzlar.

1467

January–December

• June 15–Philip the Goodis succeeded asDuke of Burgundy,byCharles the Bold.
• October 29–Battle of Brustem:Charles the Bolddefeats thePrince-Bishopric of Liège.
• October 30orNovember 11–Battle of Chapakchur:Uzun HasandefeatsJahan Shah.
• November 12–Regent of SwedenErik Axelsson Tottsupports the re-election of deposedCharles VIII of Swedento the throne.
• December 15–Battle of Baia:Troops underStephen III of Moldaviadecisively defeat the forces ofMatthias Corvinus,King of Hungary,atBaia(present-dayRomania). This is the last Hungarian attempt to subdue the Principality ofMoldavia.

Date unknown

• Third Siege of Krujë:A few months after the failure of the second siege,Mehmed IIleads another unsuccessfulOttomaninvasion ofAlbania.
• TheŌnin War(1467–1477), which initiates theSengoku period(1467–1615) inJapan,begins.
• WhileHassan III of the Maldivesis onHajj,Sayyidh Muhammad deposes his son, acting regent. On his return, Hassan regains the throne.
• Some papalabbreviatorsare arrested and tortured on the orders ofPope Paul II,among themFilippo Buonaccorsi.
• KingMatthias Corvinusfounds the first university inSlovakia,theUniversitas IstropolitanainBratislava.
• The first Europeanpolyalphabetic cipheris invented byLeon Battista Alberti(approximate date).
• Juan de Torquemada's book,Meditationes, seu Contemplationes devotissimae,is published.

1468

January–December

• June 30–Catherine Cornarois married by proxy toJames II of Cyprus,beginning theVenetian conquest of Cyprus.
• August 26–Baeda Maryamsucceeds his father Zara Yaqob, as Emperor ofEthiopia.
• October 14– TheTreaty of Péronneis signed byCharles the Bold,Duke of Burgundy, andLouis XI of France.
• October 30– Troops ofCharles the Boldconduct theSack of Liège.

Date unknown

• TheLancastrianssurrenderHarlech Castleto KingEdward IV of Englandafter a seven-year siege.
• The Great Council of theRepublic of Veniceattempts to curb the power of theCouncil of Tenthrough legislation restricting them to acting on emergency matters.
• OrkneyispledgedbyChristian I,in his capacity asKing of Norway,as security against the payment of thedowryof his daughterMargaret,betrothed toJames III of Scotland.As the money is never paid, the connection with the crown of Scotland becomes perpetual.
• Fire breaks out atMetz Cathedralin France.
• Sonni Ali,king of theSonghai Empire,takes power overTimbuktu.

1469

January–December

• February 4–Battle of Qarabagh:Uzun Hasandecisively defeats theTimuridsofAbu Sa'id Mirza.
• July 24–Battle of Edgcote:Yorkists are defeated and, in the aftermath, KingEdward IV of Englandis taken prisoner.
• August–October–Caister Castlein England is besieged byJohn de Mowbray, 4th Duke of Norfolk.
• October 19–Ferdinand II of AragonmarriesIsabella I of CastileinValladolid,bringing about adynastic union.

Date unknown

• Sigismund of Austriasells Upper-Elsass (Alsace) toCharles the Bold,in exchange for aid in a war against theSwiss.
• Moctezuma I,Aztecruler ofTenochtitlan,dies and is succeeded byAxayacatl.
• Anglo-Hanseatic Warbreaks out.
• Marsilio Ficinocompletes his translation of the collected works ofPlato,writesCommentary on Plato's Symposium on Love,and starts to work onPlatonic Theology.

Significant people

• Charles I (the Bold)(1433–1477),Duke of Burgundy,r. 1467–1477
• Jean Fouquetof France (1420–1481), painter
• Francis II(1433–1488), Duke of Brittany, r. 1458–1488
• Gendun Drupof Tibet (1391–1474), FirstDalai Lama
• Diogo Gomesof Portugal (1420–1485), navigator, explorer and writer
• Johannes Gutenbergof Mainz (1395?–1468), printer and inventor of the movable type printing press
• Henry the Navigatorof Portugal (1394–1460), Portuguese prince and patron of exploration
• William Herbertof Wales (1423–1469), Pro-York nobleman
• SirThomas Maloryof England (1405?–1471), soldier, member of Parliament, political prisoner, and author ofLe Morte d'Arthur
• Richard Nevilleof England (1428–1471), nobleman, administrator, and military commander
• Demetrios Palaiologosof Morea (1407–1470), Byzantine Prince and Despot of Morea
• Thomas Palaiologosof Morea (1409–1465), Byzantine Prince and Despot of Morea
• Philip III (the Good)(1396–1467),Duke of Burgundy,r. 1419–1467
• Richard Plantagenet, Duke of Gloucester(1452–1483), English Prince, Yorkist commander, and future King of England
• Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of Yorkof England (1411-1460), nobleman, military commander, and Yorkist claimant to the Throne of England
• Mar Shimun IV,Patriarchof theAssyrian Church of the East(Patriarchate then based inMosul), held position 1437–1497
• Tlacaelel(1397-1487),Tlacochcalcatlof theAztec Empire
• Jasper Tudorof Wales (c.1431–1495), nobleman and adventurer
• Owen Tudorof Wales (c.1400–1461), soldier and courtier at the court of the English Kings
• Andrea del Verrocchioof Florence (1435–1488), painter, sculptor, and goldsmith

Births

1460

• May 8–Frederick I, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach(d.1536)
• June 1–Enno I, Count of East Frisia(1466–1491) (d.1491)
• September 29–Louis II de la Trémoille,French military leader (d.1525)
• date unknown
  • Vasco da Gama,Portuguese explorer (d.1524)
  • Isabella Hoppringle,Scottish abbess and spy (d.1538)
  • Svante Nilsson,regent of Sweden (d.1512)
  • Ana de Mendonça,Spanish courtier (d.1542)
  • Edward Sutton, 2nd Baron Dudley,English nobleman (d.1532)
• probable
  • Antoine Brumel,Flemish composer (d.1515)
  • Tristão da Cunha,Portuguese explorer (d.1540)
  • Katarzyna Weiglowa,Jewish martyr (d.1539)
  • Gwerful Mechain,Welsh erotic poet (d.1502)
  • Konstanty Ostrogski,Grand Hetman of Lithuania (d.1530)
  • Tilman Riemenschneider,German sculptor (d.1531)
  • Arnolt Schlick,German organist and composer (d. after1521)
  • Charles Somerset, 1st Earl of Worcester,English nobleman (d.1526)
  • Rodrigo de Bastidas,Spanish conquistador (d.1527)
  • Ponce de Leon,Spanish conquistador

1461

• February 6–Džore Držić,Croatian poet and playwright (d.1501)
• February 19–Domenico Grimani,Italian nobleman (d.1523)
• March 11–Diego Hurtado de Mendoza, 3rd Duke of the Infantado,Spanish noble (d.1531)
• April 3–Anne of France,French princess regent, eldest daughter of Louis XI of France and Charlotte of Savoy (d.1522)
• May 3–Raffaele Riario,Italian cardinal (d.1521)
• May 25–Zanobi Acciaioli,librarian of the Vatican (d.1519)
• August 5–Alexander Jagiellon,King of Poland (d.1506)
• September 15–Jacopo Salviati,Italian politician and son-in-law of Lorenzo de' Medici (d.1533)
• October 1–Amalie of Brandenburg,Countess Palatine and Duchess of Zweibruecken and Veldenz (d.1481)
• December 28–Louise of Savoy,Nun (d.1503)
• date unknown
  • Alessandro Alessandri,Italian jurist (d.1523)
  • Bohuslav Hasištejnský z Lobkovic,Bohemian nobleman (d.1510)
  • Nicholas West,English bishop and diplomat (d.1533)

1462

• January 2–Piero di Cosimo,Italian artist (d.1522)
• January 8–Walraven II van Brederode,Dutch noble (d.1531)
• February 1–Johannes Trithemius,German scholar and cryptographer (d.1516)
• February 21–Joanna la Beltraneja,princess of Castile (d.1530)
• May 19–Baccio D'Agnolo,Italianwoodcarver,sculptorandarchitect(d.1543)
• May 31–Philipp II, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg(1489–1503) (d.1504)
• June 27–Louis XII of France,King of France (1498–1515), King of Naples (1501–1504) (d.1515)
• July 21–Queen Jeonghyeon,Korean royal consort (d.1530)
• September 8–Henry Medwall,first known English vernacular dramatist (d.1501)
• September 16–Pietro Pomponazzi,Italian philosopher (d.1525)
• September 26–Engelbert, Count of Nevers,younger son of John I (d.1506)
• November 26–Alexander, Count Palatine of Zweibrückenand Count of Veldenz (1489–1514) (d.1514)
• date unknown
  • Jodocus Badius,Flemish printer (d.1535)
• probable–Edmund Dudley,minister of Henry VII of England (d.1510)

1463

• January 17
  • Antoine Duprat,French cardinal (d.1535)
  • Frederick III, Elector of Saxony(d.1525)
• February 24–Giovanni Pico della Mirandola,Italian philosopher (d.1494)
• June 14–Henry IV, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg,German noble (d.1514)
• August 4–Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de' Medici,Florentine patron of the arts (d.1503)
• September 29–Louis I, Count of Löwensteinand founder of the House of Löwenstein-Wertheim (d.1523)
• October 20orOctober 29–Alessandro Achillini,Bolognese philosopher (d.1512)
• November 29–Andrea della Valle,Italian Catholic cardinal (d.1534)
• December 25–Johann of Schwarzenberg,German judge and poet (d.1528)
• date unknown–Caterina Sforza,countess and regent of Forli (d.1509)

1464

• April 23
  • Robert Fayrfax,English Renaissance composer (d.1521)
  • Joan of France, Duchess of Berry(d.1505)
• May 6–Sophia Jagiellon, Margravine of Brandenburg-Ansbach,Polish princess (d.1512)
• May 30–Barbara of Brandenburg,Bohemian queen (d.1515)
• June 27–Ernst II of Saxony,Archbishop of Magdeburg (1476–1513) and Administrator of Halberstadt (1480–1513) (d.1513)
• July 1–Clara Gonzaga,Italian noble (d.1503)
• November 19–Emperor Go-Kashiwabaraof Japan (d.1526)
• date unknown
  • Nezahualpilli,Aztec ruler (d.1515)
  • Philippe Villiers de L'Isle-Adam,Grand Master of the Knights Hospitallers (d.1534)

1465

• January 1–Lachlan Cattanach Maclean, 11th Chief,Scottish clan chief (d.1523)
• February 4–Frans van Brederode,Dutch rebel (d.1490)
• February 6–Scipione del Ferro,Italian mathematician (d.1526)
• March 16–Kunigunde of Austria,Archduchess of Austria (d.1520)
• June 10–Mercurino Gattinara,Italian statesman and jurist (d.1530)
• June 24–Isabella del Balzo,queen consort of Naples (d.1533)
• July 29–Ichijō Fuyuyoshi,Japanese court noble (d.1514)
• August 17–Philibert I, Duke of Savoy(d.1482)
• September 11–Bernardo Accolti,Italian poet (d.1536)
• October 14–Konrad Peutinger,German humanist and antiquarian (d.1547)
• December 11–Ashikaga Yoshihisa,Japanese shōgun (d.1489)
• date unknown
  • Şehzade Ahmet,oldest son ofSultanBayezid II(d.1513)
  • Hector Boece,Scottish historian (d.1536)
  • William Cornysh,English composer (d.1523)
  • Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar,Spanish conquistador (d.1524)
• probable
  • Gil Vicente,Portuguese poet and playwright
  • Francisco Álvares,Portuguese missionary and explorer (d.1541))
  • Mette Dyre,Danish noblewoman, nominal sheriff and chancellor
  • Johann Tetzel,German Dominican priest (d.1519)

1466

• February 11–Elizabeth of York,queen ofHenry VII of England(d.1503)
• May –Elisabeth of Hesse-Marburg,German landgravine (d.1523)
• May 22–Marino Sanuto the Younger,Italian historian (d.1536)
• June 18–Ottaviano Petrucci,Italian music printer (d.1539)
• July 5–Giovanni Sforza,Italian noble (d.1510)
• August 10–Francesco II Gonzaga, Marquess of Mantua(d.1519)
• September 9–Ashikaga Yoshitane,Japanese shōgun (d.1523)
• October 28–Erasmus,Dutch philosopher (d.1536)
• November 16–Francesco Cattani da Diacceto,Florentine philosopher (d.1522)
• November 26–Edward Hastings, 2nd Baron Hastings,English noble (d.1506)
• November 30–Andrea Doria,Genoesecondottieroand admiral (d.1560)
• Probable–Moctezuma II,AztecTlatoani(ruler) ofTenochtitlán(modern Mexico City), 1502–1520, son ofAxayacatl(d.1520)

1467

• January–John Colet,English churchman and educational pioneer (d.1519)
• January 1
  • Philip of Cleves,Bishop of Nevers, Amiens, Autun (d.1505)
  • Sigismund I the Old,King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (d.1548)
• January 4
  • Henry the Younger of Stolberg,Stadtholder of Friesland (1506–1508) (d.1508)
  • Bodo VIII, Count of Stolberg-Wernigerode(1511–1538) (d.1538)
• January 26–Guillaume Budé,French scholar (d.1540)
• February 2–Columba of Rieti,Italian Dominican tertiary Religious Sister (d.1501)
• March 19–Bartolomeo della Rocca,Italian scholar (d.1504)
• March 21–Caritas Pirckheimer,German nun (d.1532)
• May 8–Adalbert of Saxony,Administrator of Mainz (1482–1484) (d.1484)
• May 31–Sibylle of Brandenburg,Duchess of Jülich and Berg (d.1524)
• August 11–Mary of York,daughter of King Edward IV of England (d.1482)
• August 25–Francisco Fernández de la Cueva, 2nd Duke of Alburquerque,Spanish duke (d.1526)
• October 21–Giovanni il Popolano,Italian diplomat (d.1498)
• November 9
  • Charles II, Duke of Guelders,Count of Zutphen from1492(d.1538)
  • Philippa of Guelders,twin sister of Charles, Duke of Guelders, Duchess consort of Lorraine (d.1547)
• November 25–Thomas Dacre, 2nd Baron Dacre,Knight of Henry VIII of England (d.1525)
• date unknown
  • John Bourchier, 2nd Baron Berners,English translator (d.1553)
  • Krzysztof Szydłowiecki,Polish nobleman (d.1532)
  • John Yonge,English ecclesiastic and diplomatist (d.1516)
• probable–William Latimer,English churchman and scholar (d.1545)

1468

• February 29–Pope Paul III(d.1549)
• March 28–Charles I, Duke of Savoy(d.1490)
• April 27–Frederick Jagiellon,Primate of Poland (d.1503)
• May 31–Philip, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen,German prince (d.1500)
• June 30–John, Elector of Saxony(1525–1532) (d.1532)
• July 24–Catherine of Saxony, Archduchess of Austria(d.1524)
• August 3–Albert I, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels,Count of Kladsko (d.1511)
• August 26–Bernardo de' Rossi,Italian bishop (d.1527)
• December 21–William Conyers, 1st Baron Conyers,English baron (d.1524)
• date unknown
  • Marino Ascanio Caracciolo,Italian cardinal (d.1538)
  • Mir Chakar Khan Rind,Baloch chieftain (d.1565)
  • Juan de Zumárraga,Spanish Franciscan prelate and first bishop of Mexico (d.1548)
• probable–Alonso de Ojeda,Spanish conquistador and explorer (d.1515)

1469

• February 13–Elia Levita,Renaissance Hebrew grammarian (d.1549)
• February 20–Thomas Cajetan,Italian philosopher (d.1534)
• March 20–Cecily of York,English princess (d.1507)
• November 29–Guru Nanak,Sikh guru (d.1539)
• April 29–William II, Landgrave of Hesse(d.1509)
• May 3–Niccolò Machiavelli,Italian historian and political author (d.1527)
• May 31– KingManuel I of Portugal(d.1521)
• June 20–Gian Galeazzo Sforza,Duke of Milan(d.1494)
• August 4–Margaret of Saxony, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg(d.1528)
• August 26– KingFerdinand II of Naples(d.1496)
• date unknown
  • John III of Navarre(d.1516)
  • Silvio Passerini,Italian politician (d.1529)
  • Laura Cereta,Italian humanist and feminist (d.1499)
• probable–Vasco da Gama,Portuguese explorer (d.1524)

Deaths

1460

• February 29–Albert III,Duke of Bavaria-Munich (b.1401)
• July 10
  • Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham,English military leader (b.1402)
  • John Talbot, 2nd Earl of Shrewsbury(b. c.1413)
  • Thomas Percy, 1st Baron Egremont,English baron (b.1422)
• July 19–Lord Scales,English commander (b.1397)
• August 3– KingJames II of Scotland(b.1430)
• September 20–Gilles Binchois,Flemish composer (b. c.1400)
• September 25–Katharina of Hanau,German countess regent (b.1408)
• November 13–Prince Henry the Navigator,Portuguese patron of exploration (b.1394)
• December 14–Guarino da Verona,Italian humanist (b.1370)
• December 30
  • Edmund, Earl of Rutland,brother of KingsEdward IV of EnglandandRichard III of England(b.1443)
  • Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York,claimant to the English throne (in battle) (b.1411)
• December 31–Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury,English politician (executed) (b.1400)
• date unknown
  • Francesco II Acciaioli,last Duke of Athens (murdered by consent)
  • Israel Isserlein,Austrian Jewish scholar (b.1390)
  • Reginald Pecock,deposed Welsh bishop and writer (b. c.1392)

1461

• February 2–Owen Tudor,Welsh founder of the Tudor dynasty (executed)
• March 28–John Clifford, 9th Baron de Clifford(in battle)
• March 29
  • Henry Percy, 3rd Earl of Northumberland(in battle) (b.1421)
  • Lionel de Welles, 6th Baron Welles
• April 8–Georg von Peuerbach,Austrian astronomer (b.1423)
• May 15–Domenico Veneziano,Italian painter (b. c.1410)
• July 22– KingCharles VII of France(b.1403)
• September 21–Sophia of Halshany,queen consort of Poland (b.1405)
• September 23–Charles, Prince of Viana,King of Navarre (b.1421)
• October 7–Jean Poton de Xaintrailles,follower ofJoan of Arc(b. c.1390)
• November 6–John de Mowbray, 3rd Duke of Norfolk(b.1415)
• probable–Jonah, Metropolitan of Moscow

1462

• February 23–Thomas Tuddenham,English landowner (b.1401)
• February 26–John de Vere, 12th Earl of Oxford(b.1408)
• February 27–Władysław II of Płock,Polish noble (b.1448)
• March 27–Vasily II of Moscow,Grand Prince of Moscow (b.1415)
• March 31–Isidore II of Constantinople,Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople
• April 26–William Percy,medieval Bishop of Carlisle (b.1428)
• April 28–Oldřich II of Rosenberg,Bohemian nobleman (b.1403)
• August 26–Catherine Zaccaria,Despotess of the Morea
• September 17–Anna of Saxony, Landgravine of Hesse,German royalty (b.1420)
• November 11–Anne of Cyprus,Italian noble (b.1418)
• November 13–Anne of Austria, Landgravine of Thuringia,consort of William III, Landgrave of Thuringia (b.1432)
• November 25–John Stourton, 1st Baron Stourton,English baron (b.1400)
• date unknown
  • KingEsen Buqa IIof Moghulistan
  • Niccolò Gattilusio,last Prince of Lesbos
  • Dài Jìn,Chinese painter (b.1388)

1463

SaintCatherine of Bologna

KingStephen Tomašević of Bosnia

InfantaCatherine of Portugal

Albert VI, Archduke of Austria

• March 9–Catherine of Bologna,ItalianRoman Catholicnun and saint (b.1413)
• May 25– KingStephen Tomašević of Bosnia(beheaded)
• June 4–Flavio Biondo,Italian humanist (b.1392)
• June 17– InfantaCatherine of Portugal,religious sister (b.1436)
• September 23–Giovanni di Cosimo de' Medici,Italian noble (b.1421)
• November 1– EmperorDavid of Trebizond(b. c.1408)
• November 15–Giovanni Antonio Del Balzo Orsini,Prince of Taranto and Constable of Naples (b.1393)
• November 18–John IV, Duke of Bavaria(b.1437)
• November 29–Marie of Anjou,queen of France, spouse ofCharles VII of France(b.1404)
• December 2–Albert VI, Archduke of Austria(b.1418)
• December 16–Sir Philip Courtenay,British noble (b.1404)
• date unknown
  • Jacob Gaón,Jewish Basque tax collector (beheaded by the mob)
  • Ponhea Yat,last king of theKhmer Empireand first king of Cambodia (b.1394)

1464

• January –Desiderio da Settignano,Italian sculptor (b. c. 1428 or 1430)
• February 23–Zhengtong Emperorof China (b.1427)
• March 8–Catherine of Poděbrady,Hungarian queen consort (b.1449)
• May 15–Henry Beaufort, 3rd Duke of Somerset(executed) (b.1436)
• May 17–Thomas de Ros, 9th Baron de Ros,English politician (executed) (b.1427)
• May 25–Charles I, Count of Nevers(b.1414)
• June 18–Rogier van der Weyden,Flemish painter (b. 1399 or 1400)
• August 1–Cosimo de' Medici,ruler of Florence (b.1389)
• August 11–Nicholas of Cusa,German mathematician and astronomer (b.1401)
• August 12–John Capgrave,English historian and theologian (b.1393)
• August 14–Pope Pius II(b.1405)
• September 7–Otto III, Duke of Pomerania-Stettin (1460–1464) (b.1444)
• September 23–Bernardo Rossellino,Italian sculptor and architect (b.1409)
• September 26–Benedetto Accolti the Elder,Italian jurist and historian (b.1415)
• November 16–John, Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach(b.1406)
• November 23–Blessed Margaret of Savoy(b.1382or 1390)
• December 2–Blanche II of Navarre(b.1424)
• date unknown–Fra Mauro,Venetian Camaldolese monk, cartographer and accountant (b. c. 1400)

1465

• January 5–Charles, Duke of Orléans,French poet (b.1394)
• January 14–Thomas Beckington,English statesman and prelate
• January 29–Louis, Duke of Savoy(b.1413)
• March 30–Isabella of Clermont,queen consort of Naples (b. c.1424)
• April 30–Jacob of Juterbogk,German theologian (b. c.1381)
• May 12–Thomas Palaiologos,claimant to Byzantine throne (b.1409)
• August 11–Kettil Karlsson,regent of Sweden and Bishop of Linköping (plague; b.1433)
• August 14–Abd al-Haqq II,last Marinid Sultan of Morocco (b.1419)
• September 25–Isabella of Bourbon,countess consort of Charolais, spouse ofCharles the Bold(b. c.1434)
• November 20–Malatesta Novello,Italian condottiero (b.1418)
• date unknown–John Hardyng,English chronicler (b.1378)

1466

• February 23– Girishawardhana Dyah Suryawikrama, 9th Maharaja ofMajapahit
• March 6–Alvise Loredan,Venetian admiral and statesman (b.1393)
• March 8–Francesco I Sforza,Duke of Milan (b.1401)
• August–Hacı I Giray,first ruler of the Crimean Khanate (b.1397)
• October 30–Johann Fust,German printer (b. c.1400)
• December 13–Donatello,Italian artist (b.1386)
• Date unknown
  • Barbara Manfredi,Italian noblewoman (b.1444)
  • Isotta Nogarola,Italian writer and intellectual (b.1418)
  • Nicolaus Zacharie,Italian composer (b. c. 1400)

1467

• March 13–Vettore Cappello,Venetian statesman
• March 29–Matthew Palaiologos Asen,Byzantine aristocrat and official
• April 20–Dorotea Gonzaga,Italian noble (b.1449)
• April 30–John, Count of Angoulême(b.1399)
• June 15–Philip III, Duke of Burgundy(b.1396)
• September 3–Eleanor of Portugal, Holy Roman Empress(b.1434)
• December 12–Jošt of Rožmberk,Bishop of Breslau, Grand Prior of the Order of St. John (b.1430)
• December 15–Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna,archbishop and Regent of Sweden (b.1417)
• date unknown
  • Maria of Tver,Grand Princess consort of Muscovy, spouse of Ivan III of Russia (b.1447)
  • Peter III Aaron,prince of Moldavia
  • Jahan Shah,leader of Turkmen
  • KhanXälil of Kazan

1468

Johannes Gutenberg

• February 3–Johannes Gutenberg,inventor of printing press with replaceable letters (b. c.1398)
• March 12–Astorre II Manfredi,Italian noble (b.1412)
• September 23–Sejo of Joseon,King of Joseon (b.1417)
• June 10–Idris Imad al-Din,supreme leader ofTayyibi Isma'ilism,scholar and historian (b.1392)
• June 14–Margaret Beauchamp,countess of Shrewsbury
• June 30–Lady Eleanor Talbot,English noblewoman
• July 5–Alfonso, Prince of Asturias(b.1453)
• September 26–Juan de Torquemada,Spanish Catholic cardinal (b.1388)
• October 7–Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta,lord of Rimini (b.1417)
• October 28–Bianca Maria Visconti,Duchess of Milan (b.1425)
• November 24–Jean de Dunois,French soldier (b.1402)
• December 6–Zanobi Strozzi,Italian painter (b.1412)
• date unknown
  • Joanot Martorell,Spanish writer (b.1419)
  • Francesco Squarcione,Italian artist (b. ca. 1395)
  • Zara Yaqob,Emperor of Ethiopia(b.1399)
  • Pomellina Fregoso,Monegaque regent (b.1388

1469

• May 30–Lope de Barrientos,powerfulCastilianbishopand statesman (b.1382)
• August 12–Richard Woodville, 1st Earl Rivers(executed) (b.1405)
• September 25–Margaret of Brittany,Breton duchess consort (b.1443)
• October 8/10–Filippo Lippi,Italian artist (b.1406)
• December 2–Piero di Cosimo de' Medici,ruler of Florence (b.1416)
• December 31– KingYejong of Joseon(b.1450)
• date unknown
  • Abu Sa'id Mirza,ruler of Persia and Afghanistan (b.1424)
  • Niccolò Da Conti,Italian merchant and explorer (b.1395)
  • Andrew Gray, 1st Lord Gray(b. c.1390)
  • Moctezuma I,Aztec ruler of Tenochtitlan, son ofHuitzilihuitl(b.1390)