1560s in England
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Events from the1560sinEngland.
Incumbents[edit]
Events[edit]
- 1560
- 27 February –Treaty of Berwick:Terms agreed with theLords of the Congregationin theKingdom of Scotlandfor English forces to enter Scotland to expel French troops defending the Regency ofMary of Guise.
- 6 July –Treaty of Edinburghbetween England, France and Scotland, ending theSiege of Leith.The French withdraw from Scotland, largely ending theAuld Alliancebetween the two countries, and recogniseElizabeth I of England.[1]
- Solihull Schoolfounded.
- 1561
- 1 March –Kingston Grammar Schoolis chartered.
- 4 June – the spire ofOld St Paul's Cathedralin theCity of Londoncatches fire and crashes through thenaveroof, probably as the result of alightningstrike. The spire is not rebuilt.[1][2]
- 25 June – astrologerFrancis Coxeis pilloried atCheapsidein London, and makes a public confession of his involvement in "sinistral and divelysh artes".[3]
- August – English merchantAnthony Jenkinsonarrives inMoscowon his second expedition to theGrand Duchy of Moscow.
- Merchant Taylors' Schoolis founded in theCity of LondonbySir Thomas White,Sir Richard Hilles, Emanuel Lucar andStephen Hales,withRichard Mulcasteras first headmaster.[4]
- Reform ofcoinageto combatdebasement.[5]
- The firstCalvinistssettle in England, after fleeingFlanders.
- First publication (anonymously in London) ofWilliam Baldwin'sBeware the Cat(written1553), an early example of extended fiction (and specifically ofhorror fiction) in English. This edition appears to have been suppressed and no copies survive.[6]
- 1562
- 18 January – first performance ofThomas NortonandThomas Sackville's playGorboducbefore QueenElizabeth I.It is the first known Englishtragedyand the first English language play to employblank verse.[7]
- March –Anthony Jenkinsonhas an audience withIvan the TerribleinMoscowbefore continuing his expedition toQazvin,capital of theSafavid dynastyinPersia.
- 20 September –Treaty of Hampton Courtbetween Queen Elizabeth andHuguenotleaderLouis, Prince of Condé.[1]
- October –John Hawkinsinitiates the trans-Atlanticslave trade,shipping slaves fromSierra LeonetoHispaniola.[5]
- 4 October – English troops occupyLe HavreinFrancein aid of the Huguenots.[1]
- Church of Englandapproves theThirty-Nine Articlesof Religion, defining its doctrinal stance.[5]
- Publication of themetrical psalterThe Whole Booke of Psalmes, Collected into English Meter,compiled mostly byThomas SternholdandJohn Hopkinsand printed byJohn Day.[8][9]
- Dudley Grammar Schoolestablished andGresham's Schoolgranted aroyal charter.
- 1563
- March
- Poor Relief Actrequires wealthierparishesto help their poorer neighbours.[5]
- First English-language edition ofFoxe's Book of Martyrs,John Foxe's account ofProtestantpersecution during the reign ofMary I of England,[1]is printed byJohn Dayin London.
- April – Parliament passes laws requiringJustices of the Peaceto arbitrate trade disputes and conditions ofapprenticeship.[5]
- June to October –1563 London plagueoutbreak kills over 20,000.[5]
- 28 July – the English surrenderLe Havreto the French after a siege.
- Publication ofJohn Shute'sThe First and Chief Groundes of Architecture,the first work inEnglishonarchitecture.[10]
- March
- 1564
- 11 April –Treaty of Troyes:England receives monetary compensation for renouncing its claims toCalais.[5]
- 30 April – consecration of new St Michael the Archangel parish church atWoodham Walterin Essex, probably the first new post-ReformationChurch of Englandplace of worship.[11]
- July –Anthony Jenkinsonreturns to London from his second expedition to theGrand Duchy of Moscow,having gained a considerable extension of trading rights for the EnglishMuscovy Company.
- 1565
- Thomas Greshamfounds theRoyal ExchangeinLondon.
- College of Physicians of Londonfirst licensed to carry out humandissection.[5]
- John Hawkins brings the firsttobaccoto England.[5]
- Protestantweavers fromFlanders,fleeing persecution, settle inColchester.[12]
- Hinchingbrooke Schoolis established asHuntingdonGrammar School.
- 1566
- Henry Sidneyleads apunitive expeditiontoUlster.[5]
- March –Matthew Parker,Archbishop of Canterbury, issues theBook of Advertisementsas an attempt to standardise certain church practices, most significantly regardingvestments.[13]
- June – German miners findcalamine(needed for production ofbrass) in theMendip Hills.[14]
- Autumn – probable completion of theExeter Canal,the first in England, and with the first use of apound lockin England (engineer:John TrewfromGlamorgan).[5][15]
- 1567
- 2 January – Parliament dissolved as Queen Elizabeth refuses to name a successor.[5]
- John Braynebuilds theRed Lion theatrejust east of theCity of London,aplayhousefor touring productions and the first known to be purpose-built in the British Isles since Roman times. However, there is little evidence that the theatre survives beyond this summer's season.[16][17]
- Jean Carré arrives in England fromAntwerpand obtains a royal monopoly for the production of windowglasson condition that the techniques would be taught to native Englishmen.[18][19]
- Chatham Dockyardis established for theRoyal Navy.
- Rugby Schoolis established under the will of grocerLawrence Sheriff.[20]
- 1568
- 16 May – the deposedMary, Queen of Scots,flees across theSolway FirthfromScotlandto England[21]but on May 19 is placed in custody inCarlisle Castleon the orders of Queen Elizabeth, her cousin.
- 28 May – incorporation of twomonopoliesin metalliferousmining,theSociety of Mines Royaland theCompany of Mineral and Battery Works.
- 23 September –Battle of San Juan de Ulúa(Anglo-Spanish War): In theGulf of Mexico,a Spanish fleet forces EnglishprivateersunderJohn Hawkinsto end their campaign.
- 26 September –Spainseizes English ships off the coast ofMexicoand confiscates their cargo.[5]
- October – TheBishops' Bible(The Holie Bible) is published, a translation intoEnglishunder the authority of theChurch of England.
- December – English seize bullion from Spanish ships atPlymouth.[5]
- 1569
- 11 January–6 May – the first knownlotteryin England is drawn outsideSt Paul's Cathedralin theCity of London.[22]Each share costs tenshillings,the first prize is £5000, and proceeds are used to repair harbours and for other public works.
- 20 January – Mary, Queen of Scots, is detained atTutbury Castle.[5]
- After September – publication in London ofThomas Preston's tragedyCambises.
- November–December –Rising of the North:Charles Neville, 6th Earl of WestmorlandandThomas Percy, 7th Earl of Northumberlandlead a rebellion against Queen Elizabeth I in an attempt to place the Catholic Mary, Queen of Scots, on the English throne.Walter Devereux, 1st Earl of Essexdrives the Earls out of England.[1]
- First publication ofHenry de Bracton'sDe legibus & consuetudinibus Angliæ( "On the Laws and Customs of England", left unfinished at Bracton's death c.1268).
- Undated
- During the decadeThomas Talliscomposes his setting of theLamentations of Jeremiah the ProphetforMaundy Thursday.
Births[edit]
- 1560
- 3 January –John Bois,Bible translator (died1643)
- 19 September (baptised) –Thomas Cavendish,explorer (died at sea1592)[23]
- 1561
- 22 January –Francis Bacon,philosopher, scientist, statesman and essayist (died1626)
- June –Samuel Harsnett,Archbishop of York (died1631)
- 20 June (baptised) –Richard Whitbourne,colonist of Newfoundland (died1635)
- 23 June –Stephen Bachiler,non-conformist minister and pioneer settler of New England (died1656)
- 4 August –John Harington,courtier, writer and inventor (died1612)
- 24 August –Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Suffolk(died1626)
- 11 October (baptised) –Thomas Lake,Secretary of State to King James I (died1630)
- 27 October –Mary Sidney,writer, patroness and translator (died1621)
- 9 December –Edwin Sandys,founder of the colony of Virginia (died1629)
- December –Christopher Newport,sea captain (died 1617 in Java)
- 1562
- January –Edward Blount,printer (died1632)
- 19 October –George Abbot,Archbishop of Canterbury(died1633)
- John Bull,composer (died1628)
- Henry Constable,poet (died1613)
- Samuel Daniel,poet and historian (died1619)
- Francis Godwin,writer and prelate (died1633)
- Richard Neile,churchman (died1640)
- Henry Spelman,antiquary (died1641)
- 1563
- January –Penelope Blount, Countess of Devonshire,née Devereux (died1607)
- 5 March –John Coke,politician (died1644)
- 1 June –Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury,statesman and spymaster (died1612)
- 19 November –Robert Sidney, 1st Earl of Leicester,statesman (died1626)
- 19 December –Lord William Howard(died1640)
- Charles Blount, 8th Baron Mountjoy(died1606)
- John Dowland,composer (died1626)
- Michael Drayton,poet (died1631)
- Robert Naunton,politician and writer (died1635)
- Josuah Sylvester,poet (died1618)
- 1564
- 26 February (baptised) –Christopher Marlowe,poet and dramatist (died1593)
- 20 March –Thomas Morton,bishop (died1659)
- 26 April (baptised) –William Shakespeare,poet and dramatist (died1616)
- 27 April –Henry Percy, 9th Earl of Northumberland(died1632)
- 24 September –William Adams,navigator and samurai (died1620)
- 4 October –John Gerard,Jesuit (died1637in Rome)
- 22 November –Henry Brooke, 11th Baron Cobham,peer and traitor (died1619)
- Henry Chettle,dramatist (died1607)
- Thomas Shirley,adventurer and privateer (died1620)
- 1565
- 10 February –Edmund Whitelocke,soldier and courtier (died1608)
- July –Ferdinando Gorges,colonial entrepreneur (died1647)
- 10 November –Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex,politician (died1601)
- George Kirbye,composer (died1634)
- Francis Meres,churchman and author (died1647)
- Francis Tanfield,Governor of the South Falkland colony (year of death unknown)
- 1566
- 1 September –Edward Alleyn,actor (died1626)
- 20 December –Edward Wightman,Anabaptist (burned at the stake1612)
- 1567
- 12 February –Thomas Campion,poet and composer (died1620)
- 27 February –William Alabaster,poet (died1640)
- 17 September –Edward Sutton, 5th Baron Dudley,landowner (died1643)
- November –Thomas Nashe,poet (died1600)
- 1568
- 30 March –Henry Wotton,author and diplomat (died1639)
- Richard Baker,chronicler (died1645)
- Edward Chichester, 1st Viscount Chichester(died1648)
- Gervase Markham,poet and writer (died1637)
- Robert Wintour,conspirator (hanged1606)
- Approximate date –James Montague,bishop and academic (died1618)
- 1569
- 16 April –John Davies,poet and lawyer (died1626)
- September –Arthur Lake,Bishop of Bath and Wells, a translator of the King James Bible (died1626)
- William Monson,admiral (died1643)
- John Suckling,politician (died1627)
Deaths[edit]
- 1560
- 8 September –Amy Robsart,noblewoman (born1532)
- December –John Sheppard,composer and organist (born1515)
- 1561
- 1 September –Edward Waldegrave,politician and recusant (born c.1516)
- 1562
- Nicholas Grimald,poet and theologian (born1519)
- 1563
- 30 April –Henry Stafford, 1st Baron Stafford,nobleman (born1501)
- 9 June –William Paget, 1st Baron Paget,statesman (born1506)
- 17 September –Henry Manners, 2nd Earl of Rutland,soldier (born1526)
- 25 September –John Shute,architect
- 1565
- 18 July –Kat Ashley,née Katherine Champernowne, governess of Elizabeth I (born c.1502)
- 14 October –Thomas Chaloner,statesman and poet (born1521)
- 1566
- 13 July – SirThomas Hoby,diplomat and translator (born1530)
- 31 October –Richard Edwardes,poet (born1523)
- 1567
- 26 January –Nicholas Wotton,diplomat (born c.1497)
- 12 June –Richard Rich, 1st Baron Rich,Lord Chancellor(born1490)
- 16 September (buried) –Lawrence Sheriff,gentleman and grocer to Elizabeth I (born1510)
- Thomas Beccon,Protestant reformer (born1511)
- 1568
- 15 January –Catherine Carey,Chief Lady of the Bedchamber to Elizabeth I (born c.1526)
- 20 January –Myles Coverdale,Bible translator (born c.1488)
- 26 January –Lady Catherine Grey,Countess of Hertford (born1539)
- 19 March –Elizabeth Seymour, Lady Cromwell,noblewoman (born c.1518)
- 7 July –William Turner,ornithologist and botanist (born1508)
- 23 August –Thomas Wharton, 1st Baron Wharton(born1495)
- 23 December –Roger Ascham,scholar, tutor of Elizabeth I (born1515)
- Henry Dudley,soldier, sailor, diplomat and conspirator (born1517)
- 1569
- 5 September –Edmund Bonner,Bishop of London (born c.1500)
References[edit]
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- ^BBC History Magazine12:6 (June 2011) p.13.
- ^"Timeline Of Merchant Taylors' Company".The Merchant Taylors' Company.Archived fromthe originalon 2007-06-10.Retrieved2021-02-05.
- ^abcdefghijklmnoPalmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992).The Chronology of British History.London: Century Ltd. pp. 153–156.ISBN0-7126-5616-2.
- ^Ringler, William A.; Flachmann, Michael, eds. (1988). "Preface".Beware the Cat.San Marino, CA:Huntington Library.
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- ^Ward, Bernard. "Book of Advertisements." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. 15 Oct. 2010 <http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01167a.htm>.
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- ^Clew, Kenneth R. (1984).The Exeter Canal.Chichester: Phillimore.ISBN0-85033-544-2.
- ^Bowsher, Julian; Miller, Pat (2010).The Rose and the Globe – Playhouses of Shakespeare's Bankside, Southwark.Museum of London. p. 19.ISBN978-1-901992-85-4.
- ^Phillpotts, Christopher,Red Lion Theatre, Whitechapel(PDF),CrossRail Documentary Report, Museum of London Archaeology Service, archived fromthe original(PDF)on 2011-09-27,retrieved2011-03-21
- ^Burke, James(1978).Connections.London: Macmillan. p.163.ISBN0-333-24827-9.
- ^Willmott, Hugh (2005).A History of English Glassmaking AD 43-1800.Stroud: Tempus Publishing.ISBN978-0-7524-3131-4.
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- ^Holmes, P. J. (1987)."Mary Stewart in England".The Innes Review.38(38): 195–218.doi:10.3366/inr.1987.38.38.195.Retrieved2023-12-05.
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- ^Marley, David F. (11 February 2008).Wars of the Americas: A Chronology of Armed Conflict in the Western Hemisphere, 2nd Edition [2 volumes]: A Chronology of Armed Conflict in the Western Hemisphere.ABC-CLIO. p. 118.ISBN978-1-59884-101-5.