1618
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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| 1618 by topic |
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| Arts and science |
| Leaders |
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| Births–Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
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1618(MDCXVIII) was acommon year starting on Mondayof theGregorian calendarand acommon year starting on Thursdayof theJulian calendar,the 1618th year of theCommon Era(CE) andAnno Domini(AD) designations, the 618th year of the2nd millennium,the 18th year of the17th century,and the 9th year of the1610sdecade. As of the start of 1618, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Events
[edit]January–March
[edit]- January 6
- Jahangir,ruler of theMughal Empirein northernIndia,gives an audience for the first time to a representative of theBritish East India Company,receivingSir Thomas Roeat the capital atAhmedabad.
- Ben Jonson's playPleasure Reconciled to Virtueis given its premiere performance, presented at thePalace of WhitehallinLondon.
- January 28– Rules are established for theŌoku,the section ofEdo Castlethat housed theShōgun'sconsortand hisconcubines.
- February 18–Jeong In-hongbecomes the newChief State Councillor(theYeonguijeong,similar to a Prime Minister) of the Joseon Kingdom in what is now North Korea, after being appointed by theEmperor Gwanghaegun.
- February 26–Osman IIdeposes his uncleMustafa IasOttoman sultan(until1622).
- March 8–Johannes Keplerdiscovers thethird law of planetary motion(after some initial calculations, he soon rejects the idea, but onMay 15confirms the discovery).[1]
April–June
[edit]- April 21– Spanish-born Jesuit missionaryPedro Páezbecomes (probably) the first European to see and describe the source of theBlue NileinEthiopia.[2]
- May 23– TheSecond Defenestration of Prague– Protestant noblemen hold a mock trial, and throw two direct representatives ofFerdinand II of Germany(Imperial Governors) and their scribe out of a window into a pile of manure, exacerbating a low-key rebellion into theBohemian Revolt (1618–1621),precipitating theThirty Years' Warinto armed conflict, and further polarizing Europe on religious grounds.
- June 14– Joris Veseler prints the first Dutch newspaperCourante uyt Italien, Duytslandt, &c.inAmsterdam(approximate date).
July–September
[edit]- July 1–Ferdinand II,a proponent of theCounter-Reformation,is crowned asKing of Hungaryat a meeting of the Bohemian diet atPressburg.
- July 3–Alonso Fajardo de Entenzabecomes the new Spanish Governor-General of the Philippines.
- July 20–Plutoreaches its second most recentaphelion,according to sophisticated mathematical calculations. The next one occurs in1866,and the following one will occur in2113.
- July 31–Lenaert Jacobszoonand the crew of theDutch East India CompanyshipMauritiusbecome the first Europeans to sight what is now the Australian state ofWestern Australia,landing at the North Cape.
- August 29–Johan van OldenbarneveltandHugo Grotiusare imprisoned byMaurice, Prince of Orange.
- September 4– Rodiavalanche:Arock- or snowslide buries theAlpinetown ofPiuro,claiming 2,427 victims.[3][4]
- September 18– Beginning of the 13thBaktun,in theMesoamerican Long Count calendar(12.0.0.0.0).
- September 19– TheSiege of Pilsenbegins as the first major battle of theThirty Years' War,as Bohemian Protestants lay siege to the Bohemian Catholic city and lasts for more than two months.
- September 28– TheBattle of Orynintakes place. Polish and Lithuanian Army forces fail to stop an invasion byCrimean Tatars,who then proceed in burning villages in Lithuania and enslaving residents.
October–December
[edit]- October 9– Residents ofMogilevrevolt againstUniatebishopJosaphat Kuntsevych.
- October 29–Englishadventurer, writer andcourtierSirWalter Raleighis beheaded at thePalace of Westminster,for allegedly conspiringtreasonablyagainstJames I of Englandin1603,following pressure from the Spanish government, over his attack on their settlement on theOrinoco,on his last (1617–18) voyage.
- November 13– TheSynod of Dorthas its first meeting.
- November 21–Pilsen falls to Bohemian Protestantsled byErnst von Mansfeldafter more than two months of deprivation of food.
- December 11–RussiaandPolandsign theTruce of Deulino.
Date unknown
[edit]- The margraves ofBrandenburgare grantedPolishapproval to inherit theDuchy of Prussia,creating the state ofBrandenburg-Prussia.
- The 3,000 seatTeatro Farnese,the first permanentprosceniumtheatre, is built into the Great Hall of the Palazzo della Pilotta inParma,Italy.
- TheMing Chineseembassyof theWanli Emperorpresentsteato the Russiantsar.
Births
[edit]
January–March
[edit]- January 1(bapt.)–Bartolomé Esteban Murillo,Spanish painter (d.1682)
- January 2–Jean Hamon,French doctor and writer (d.1687)
- January 3–Jean Crasset,French Jesuit theologian (d.1692)
- January 8–Madeleine Béjart,French actress and theatre director (d.1672)[5]
- January 14–Jan Six,important cultural figure in the Dutch Golden Age (d.1700)
- January 25–Nicolaes Visscher I,Dutch engraver, cartographer and publisher (d.1679)
- January 28–James Ley, 3rd Earl of Marlborough,English nobleman, sailor, and mathematician (d.1665)
- January 29–Jean Paul Médaille,French Jesuit missionary (d.1689)
- February 12–Olaus Verelius,scholar of Old Norse and Scandinavian studies (d.1682)[6]
- February 17–Matthias Abele,Austrian jurist, mine official (d.1677)
- February 19–Johannes Phocylides Holwarda,Dutch astronomer (d.1651)
- March 4–George Louis, Prince of Nassau-Dillenburg,German noble (d.1656)
- March 14–Nadira Banu Begum,Mughal princess (d.1659)
- March 19–Thomas Hinckley,last colonial governor of Plymouth Colony (d.1706)
April–June
[edit]- April 2–Francesco Maria Grimaldi,Italian mathematician and physicist (d.1663)[7]
- April 4–Ferrante III Gonzaga, Duke of Guastalla,Italian noble (d.1678)
- April 9–Christian, Duke of Brieg,Duke of Legnica (1663–1672) and Brieg (1664–1672) (d.1672)
- April 13–Roger de Rabutin, Comte de Bussy,French writer (d.1693)
- April 14–Thomas Moore,English politician (d.1695)[8]
- April 29–Vittoria Farnese d'Este,Duchess of Modena and Reggio (d.1649)
- May 22–Henrik Horn,Swedish military leader and noble (d.1693)
- June 1–Johann Franck,German poet and hymnist (d.1677)
- June 15
- François Blondel,French architect (d.1686)
- Ippolito Lante Montefeltro della Rovere,Italian nobleman and Duke of Bomarzo (d.1688)
- June 24–Philip Packer,British barrister and architect (d.1686)
- June 28–Jean Le Pautre,French designer and engraver (d.1682)
July–September
[edit]- July 6–Alexander Lindsay, 1st Earl of Balcarres,Scottish politician and noble (d.1659)[9]
- July 17
- Willem Ogier,Flemish playwright (d.1689)
- George Stewart, 9th Seigneur d'Aubigny,Scottish nobleman and military commander (d.1642)
- July 21–Hayashi Gahō,Japanese philosopher (d.1688)
- July 22–Johan Nieuhof,Dutch traveler who wrote about his journeys to Brazil (d.1672)
- September 6–Walter Hoyt,Connecticut settler (d.1698)
- September 9–Joan Cererols,Catalan musician and Benedictine monk (d.1680)
- September 11–Francesco Grue,Italian artist (d.1673)
- September 14–Peter Lely,Dutch painter (d.1680)[10]
- September 27–Jacob Alting,Dutch linguist (d.1679)
- September 29–Michiel Sweerts,Flemish painter (d.1664)
October–December
[edit]- October 8–Claude Lamoral, 3rd Prince of Ligne,Spanish general and prince (d.1679)
- October 7–Rosina Schnorr,German businessperson (d.1679)
- October 31–Mariana de Jesús de Paredes,Catholic saint, the first person to be canonized from Ecuador (d.1645)
- November–Simon Arnauld, Marquis de Pomponne,French diplomat and minister ofLouis XIV(d.1699)
- November 1–Sir John Wittewrong, 1st Baronet,English parliamentarian (d.1693)
- November 3–Aurangzeb,Mughal emperorof India (d.1707)
- November 8–Louise de La Fayette,French courtier, friend of King Louis XIII (d.1665)[11]
- November 12–Gottfried Welsch,German physician (d.1690)
- November 16–Johann Ludwig Schönleben,Carniolan priest (d.1681)
- November 26–Johan Frederik von Marschalck,German-born landowner, Chancellor of Norway (d.1679)
- December 2
- Edward Bayntun,English politician (d.1679)
- Nicholas Delves,English politician (d.1690)
- December 3–Sir William Ayloffe, 3rd Baronet,officer in the Royalist army during the English Civil War (d.1662)
- December 18–Karl Kaspar von der Leyen,German Catholic archbishop (d.1676)
- December 26–Elisabeth of the Palatinate,German princess, philosopher, and Calvinist (d.1680)
- December 28–Catharina Hooft,noblewoman of the Dutch Golden Age (d.1691)[12]
Date unknown
[edit]- Athittayawong,Ayutthayan monarch (d.1629)
- Henry Bennet, 1st Earl of Arlington,English politician (member of theCabal) d.1685)
Deaths
[edit]
January–March
[edit]- January 6–Margherita Gonzaga, Duchess of Ferrara(b.1564)
- January 19–Jacobus Zaffius,Dutch Catholic provost (b.1535)
- January 24–Henry Brooke, 11th Baron Cobham,English peer and traitor (b.1564)
- January 29–John Dackombe,Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (b.1570)
- February 3–Philip II, Duke of Pomerania-Stettin (b.1573)
- February 10–Feliks Kryski,Grand Chancellor of Poland (b.1562)
- February 14–Paolo Emilio Sfondrati,Italian Catholic cardinal (b.1560)
- February 20–Philip William, Prince of Orange,eldest son of William the Silent, by his first wife Anna van Egmont (b.1554)
- February 25–Elizabeth Spencer, Baroness Hunsdon,English baroness (b.1552)
- February 27–Anne Lyon, Countess of Kinghorne,Scottish countess (b.1579)
- March 5
- John, Duke of Östergötland(b.1589)
- Countess Palatine Barbara of Zweibrücken-Neuburgand by marriage Countess of Oettingen-Oettingen (b.1559)
- March 16–Giovanni Bembo,Doge of Venice (b.1543)[13]
- March 23–James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Abercorn,Scottish politician (b. c.1575)
- March 26–Frederick Magnus, Count of Erbach-Fürstenau(1606–1618) (b.1575)
- March 31–Pedro Cornejo de Pedrosa,Spanish theologian (b.1536)
April–June
[edit]- April –Chief Powhatan(proper name Wahunsenacawh), Algonquin (indigenous American) leader, father ofPocahontas(b. c.1547)
- April 5–Robert Barker,English politician (b.1563)
- April 14–Giovanni Battista Zuccato,Italian Catholic prelate, Bishop of Nusco (1607–1614) (b.1543)
- April 18–Marie of the Incarnation,Carmelite (b.1566)
- May 9–Nicolò Donato,Doge of Venice (b.1539)
- May 24–John George I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau(1603–1618) (b.1567)
- May 31–Sabina Catharina of East Frisia,Countess of Rietberg (1586–1618) (b.1582)
- June 7–Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr,English Governor of Virginia (b.1577)
- June 21–Kasper Hassler,German musician (b.1562)
July–September
[edit]- July 20–James Montague,British bishop (b.1568)
- July 24–Nicolò Rusca,Italian priest who served in Como (b.1563)
- July 26–Martinus Smiglecius,Polish philosopher (b.1564)
- August 7–Princess Maria Elizabeth of Sweden,Swedish princess (b.1596)
- August 23–Gerbrand Adriaenszoon Bredero,Dutch writer (b.1585)
- August 28–Albert Frederick, Duke of Prussia(b.1553)
- September 3–Frederik van den Bergh,Dutch soldier in theEighty Years' War(b.1559)
- September 28–Joshua Sylvester,English poet (b.1563)
October–December
[edit]
- October 12–Jakob Rem,Austrian Jesuit (b.1546)
- October 24–Elisabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel,German noblewoman (b.1567)
- October 29– SirWalter Raleigh,English soldier, politician, courtier, explorer, Virginia settler, historian, poet and spy (executed) (b.1552of 1554)[14]
- October 30
- Charles, Margrave of Burgau,German nobleman (b.1560)
- Prospero Farinacci,Italian jurist (b.1554)
- November 2–Maximilian III, Archduke of Austria(b.1558)
- November 14–Anna Maria of Brandenburg,Duchess Consort of Pomerania (b.1567)
- December 6–Jacques Davy Duperron,French cardinal (b.1556)
- December 7–Bernardo de Sandoval y Rojas,Spanish Catholic cardinal,Grand Inquisitor(b.1546)
- December 9–Valentine Knightley,English politician (b.1555)
- December 10–Giulio Caccini,Italian composer (b.1551)[15]
- December 14–Anna of Tyrol,Holy Roman Empress (b.1585)
- December 17–Roger Puleston,Welsh politician (b.1565)[16]
Date unknown
[edit]- Ebba Bielke,Swedish baroness and conspirator (b.1570)
- Christina Rauscher,German official and critic of witchcraft persecutions (b.1570)
References
[edit]- ^Nuncius.L.S. Olschki. 2009. p. 359.
- ^Budge, E. A. Wallis(1970) [1928].A History of Ethiopia: Nubia and Abyssinia.Oosterhout: Anthropological Publications. p. 397.
- ^"The 10 Worst Snow Disasters in History".Scientific American.February 16, 2004.RetrievedJanuary 3,2012.
- ^"Today in Switzerland History".HistoryOrb.RetrievedJanuary 3,2012.
- ^Hobart Chatfield Chatfield-Taylor (1906).Molière: A Biography.Duffield. p. 409.
- ^The English Cyclopædia: A New Dictionary of Universal Knowledge.Bradbury and Evans. 1858. p. 317.
- ^Isaac Asimov (1976).Asimov's Biographical Encyclopedia of Science and Technology: The Lives and Achievements of 1195 Great Scientists from Ancient Times to the Present Chronologically Arranged.Avon Books. pp. 174–5.ISBN978-0-380-00619-9.
- ^History of Parliament Online - Moore, Thomas
- ^.Dictionary of National Biography.London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
- ^National Portrait Gallery (Great Britain); Oliver Millar (1979).Sir Peter Lely, 1618-80.National Portrait Gallery. p. 9.ISBN9780904017250.
- ^"Collective Biographies of Women".cbw.iath.virginia.edu.RetrievedJune 5,2024.
- ^Graeff, P. de (P. de Graeff Gerritsz enDirk de Graeff van Polsbroek)Genealogie van de familie De Graeff van Polsbroek,Amsterdam 1882.
- ^Alvise Zorzi (1983).Venice, the Golden Age, 697-1797.Abbeville Press. p. 259.ISBN978-0-89659-406-7.
- ^Hilary Aidan St. George Saunders (1951).Westminster Hall.M. Joseph. p. 146.ISBN978-7-250-01065-2.
- ^David Ewen (1966).Great Composers, 1300-1900: A Biographical and Critical Guide.H. W. Wilson Company. p. 75.ISBN978-0-8242-0018-3.
- ^George Owen (1936).The Description of Penbrokshire.C. J. Clark. p. 577.