1679
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1679(MDCLXXIX) was acommon year starting on Sundayof theGregorian calendarand acommon year starting on Wednesdayof theJulian calendar,the 1679th year of theCommon Era(CE) andAnno Domini(AD) designations, the 679th year of the2nd millennium,the 79th year of the17th century,and the 10th and last year of the1670sdecade. As of the start of 1679, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Events
[edit]January–March
[edit]- January 24– KingCharles II of Englanddissolves the "Cavalier Parliament",after nearly 18 years.[1]
- February 3– Moroccan troops from Fez are killed, along with their commander Moussa ben Ahmed ben Youssef, in a battle against rebels in theJbel Saghromountain range, but Moroccan SultanIsmail Ibn Sharifis able to negotiate a ceasefire allowing his remaining troops safe passage back home.
- February 5– TheTreaty of Celleis signed between France and Sweden on one side, and the Holy Roman Empire, at the town ofCellein Saxony (in modern-day Germany). Sweden's sovereignty overBremen-Verdenis confirmed and Sweden cedes control ofThedinghausenandDörverdento the Germans.
- February 19–Ajit Singh Rathorebecomes the new Maharaja of theJodhpur Statea principality in India also known as Marwar, located in the modern-dayRajasthanstate.
- March 6– In England, the "Habeas Corpus Parliament"(or" First Exclusion Parliament ") is opened.[1]
- March 12–Catherine Deshayes Monvoisin,commonly called "La Voisin" and the suspected killer of over 1,000 people in France by poisoning, is arrested outside of the Church ofNotre-Dame-de-Bonne-NouvelleinParisand imprisoned atVincennesfor the next 11 months. After her conviction, she is publicly burned at the stake on February 22, 1680.
April–June
[edit]- April 3–Aurangazeb,theMuslimruler of theMughal EmpireinIndia,decrees the imposition of thejizya,an annual tax upon non-Muslims under Mughal jurisdiction, primarilyHindus.The tax had been abolished by Aurangazeb's great grandfather, Akbar.
- April 8– In the Italian region ofPiedmont,a landslide causes the village ofBosiato sink into the ground and then get buried, killing 200 inhabitants. The village is then rebuilt at another site and continues to exist.
- April 10– Atotal eclipse of the Suntakes place overNorth America,with its peak over the region occupied by theLakota Siouxpeople in modern-daySouth Dakota.
- May 3–James Sharp,theChurch of Scotland'sArchbishop of St Andrews,is assassinated atMagus MuirinFife,when his coach is ambushed by a group of nine of the ScottishCovenanters.Only two of the assassins,David Hackstonand Andrew Guillan, are captured.
- May 27– TheParliament of Englandpasses theHabeas Corpus Act,"for the better securing the liberty of the subject" and then adjourns.[1]
- June 1–Battle of Drumclog:A group of 200 ScottishCovenantersoverwhelm a small Scottish Army unit, that had been pursuing them for the murder of Archbishop Sharp. The Covenanters, led by 19-year-oldWilliam Cleland,kill 36 of the Scottish soldiers.
- June 4– A6.4 magnitude earthquake in Armeniastrikes nearYerevan,at the time part of thePersian Empire.
- June 22–Battle of Bothwell BridgeinScotland:Royal forces led byJames Scott, 1st Duke of MonmouthandJohn Graham of Claverhousesubdue the Scottish Covenanters.
July–September
[edit]- July 12– In England, the "Habeas Corpus Parliament"(or" First Exclusion Parliament ") is dissolved, while in recess, byKing Charles II.The King exercises hisroyal prerogativeof dissolution to prevent the parliament from passing a bill that would exclude non-Anglicans from thesuccession to the English throne,specifically the king's Roman Catholic brother,James, Duke of York,as part of theExclusion Crisis.
- August 7– ThebrigantineLe Griffon,commissioned byRené-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle,is towed to the southern end of theNiagara River,to become the first ship to sail the upperGreat Lakesof North America.
- September 2– The 8.0MwmagnitudeSanhe-Pinggu earthquakedevastatesBeijingandHebeiinChina.
- September 18– TheProvince of New Hampshireis separated from theMassachusetts Bay Colony.
October–December
[edit]- October 4–Bil'arab bin Sultanbecomes the newImam of Omanupon the death of his father,Sultan bin Saif.
- October 6– Mughal EmperorAurangzebreturns control ofBengalto the localNawab of Murshidabadafter removing his son,Prince Qutb-ud-Din Muhammad Azam,from the position of Mughal Governor ofDhaka.[2]
- October 12– Representatives of theDutch Republicand theKingdom of Swedensign the last of the nineTreaties of Nijmegen,ending the last of the conflicts that began during theFranco-Dutch War.
- October 18– A sea battle is fought between England's Royal Navy and the navy of India'sMaratha Empire(under the command ofMai Nayak Bhandari), with English bombardment driving the Maratha occupation of the island fortress atKhanderi(off of the western Indian coast south ofMumbai).
- November 27– A fire inBoston,Massachusetts,burns all of the warehouses, 80 houses, and all of the ships in the dockyards.
- December 3– French explorersRené-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle(commonly called "La Salle" ) andHenri de Tontiset off from their fort nearNiagara Fallsin North America on the first European expedition to explore the upperMississippi River.
- December 10
- More than 200 captives on the shipThe Crown of London,all ScottishCovenantersarrested after the battle of Bothwell Bridge, are killed when the ship is wrecked on theOrkney Islandswhile transporting the group to exile in North America.[3]
- A peace treaty is signed between Ali Bey al-Muradi, Bey of Tunis; his brother whom he had overthrown in 1678,Muhammad Bey al-Muradi;and their uncle, Muhammad al-Hafsi al-Muradi, the Pasha of Tunis, after mediation by theDey of Algiers.
- December 16(December 6 O.S.) –Oliver Plunkett,the Roman Catholic Primate of All Ireland and Archbishop of Armagh, is arrested on false charges of plotting to aid a French invasion of the British Isles, the so-called "Popish Plot".Executed in 1681, Plunkett will be canonized as a Roman Catholic saint almost 300 years later in 1975.
- December 26– In modern-day Indonesia, theTrunajaya rebellioncomes to an end with the surrender of PrincePanembahan Maduretnoto the SultanAmangkurat II of Mataram,ruler of the entire island ofJava.While treated with respect as a prisoner of the occupying forces of theDutch East India Company(Verenigde Oostindische Compagnieor VOC), Panembahan is killed seven days later by Amangkurat after the VOC allows him to attend a ceremonial visit to the sultan's palace.
Date unknown
[edit]- TheTibet–Ladakh–Mughal war(1679–84) begins with the Tibetan invasion of Ladakh.
- French explorerDaniel Greysolon, Sieur du Lhut,explores theSaint Louis River;the city ofDuluth, Minnesota,will take its name from him.
- Malpas Tunnelon theCanal du MidiinHérault,France, Europe's first navigable canal tunnel, is excavated byPierre-Paul Riquet(169 metres (554 ft), concrete lined).[4]
Births
[edit]
- January 24–Christian Wolff,German philosopher (d.1754)
- March 18–Matthew Decker,English merchant and writer (d.1749)
- March 29–Benedict Calvert, 4th Baron Baltimore,colonial governor of Maryland(d.1715)
- May 29–Antonio Farnese, Duke of Parma(d.1731)
- August 16–Catharine Trotter Cockburn,English novelist, dramatist, philosopher (d.1749)
- August 22–Pierre Guérin de Tencin,French cardinal (d.1758)
- October 13–Princess Magdalena Augusta of Anhalt-Zerbst,Duchess of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (d.1740)
- October 16–Jan Dismas Zelenka,Bohemian composer (d.1745)
- October 18–Ann Putnam, Jr.,American accuser in the Salem witch trials (d.1716)
- November 11–Firmin Abauzit,French scientist (d.1767)
- date unknown
- James Erskine, Lord Grange,Scottish judge (d.1754)
- George Psalmanazar,French-born imposter and essayist (d.1763)
- Francesco Zerafa,Maltese architect (d.1758)
Deaths
[edit]
- January 1–Jan Steen,Dutch painter (b. c.1626)
- January 8–Raymond Breton,French missionary (b.1609)
- January 14–Jacques de Billy,French Jesuit mathematician (b.1602)
- January 15–Pierre Lambert de la Motte,French bishop (b.1624)
- January 24
- Ulderico Carpegna,Italian Catholic cardinal (b.1595)
- Maurice Henry, Prince of Nassau-Hadamar(1653–1679) (b.1626)
- January 29–Carlo Ceresa,Italian painter (b.1609)
- February 5–Joost van den Vondel,Dutch dramatist and poet (b.1587)
- February 6–Margherita de' Medici,Italian duchess regent of Parma (b.1612)
- February 18–Lady Anne Finch Conway,English philosopher (b.1631)
- February 19–Henricus Regius,Dutch philosopher (b.1598)
- February 19–Thomas Hales,Connecticut settler (b.1610)
- February 22–Henrik Rysensteen,Dutch military engineer (b.1624)
- March 11
- Sir John Covert, 1st Baronet,English politician (b.1620)
- Luise Marie of the Palatinate,German princess (b.1647)
- March 16
- John Leverett,Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony (b.1616)
- Johan Frederik von Marschalck,German-born landowner, Chancellor of Norway (b.1618)
- Johannes Schefferus,Alsatian-born humanist (b.1621)
- March 27–Abraham Mignon,Dutch golden age painter (b.1640)
- April–Thomas Notley,Colonial governor of Maryland(b.1632)
- April 5–Anne Geneviève de Bourbon,French princess and political activist (b.1619)
- May 3–James Sharp,Scottish archbishop (assassinated) (b.1613)
- May 5–Magnus Celsius,Swedish astronomer and mathematician (b.1621)
- May 6–Peregrine Hoby,English politician (b.1602)
- May 10–Dorothy, Lady Pakington,English religious writer (b.1623)
- May 14–August of Legnica,Silesian nobleman (b.1627)
- May 26–Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria(b.1636)
- June 3–Francisque Millet,Flemish-French painter (b.1642)
- June 7–Princess Christine Elisabeth of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg,German noblewoman (b.1638)
- June 15–Guillaume Courtois,French painter (b.1628)
- June 27–Pablo Bruna,blind Spanish composer and organist (b.1611)
- July 4–Antoine Garaby de La Luzerne,French poet (b.1617)
- July 11–William Chamberlayne,English poet (b.1619)
- July 19–Francis Anderson,English politician (b.1614)
- July 26–Edward Bayntun,English politician (b.1618)
- August–Catherine Lepère,French midwife (b.1601)
- August 6–John Snell,English royalist (b.1629)
- August 12–Marie de Rohan,French courtier and political activist (b.1600)
- August 20–Jacob Alting,Dutch linguist (b.1618)
- August 24–Jean François Paul de Gondi,Cardinal de Retz, French churchman and agitator (b.1614)
- August 28–Alfonso Litta,Cardinal, Archbishop of Milan (b.1608)
- August 29–Margaret Mostyn,EnglishCarmelitenun (b.1625)
- September 9–John Gurdon,English politician (b.1595)
- September 11–Nicolaes Visscher I(buried), Dutch engraver, cartographer and publisher (b.1618)
- September 17–John of Austria the Younger,Spanish general (b.1629)
- September 25–Philips Augustijn Immenraet,Flemish painter (b.1627)
- September 29–John Manners, 8th Earl of Rutland,English politician when he inherited the peerage (b.1604)
- October 1–Antonia of Württemberg,princess, literary figure, patron, and Christian Kabbalist (b.1613)
- October 2–Sir William Bowyer, 1st Baronet,English politician (b.1612)
- October 3–Hugh Bethell,EnglishMember of Parliamentand High Sheriff (b.1615)
- October 12–William Gurnall,English writer (b.1617)
- October 26–Roger Boyle, 1st Earl of Orrery,British soldier, statesman, and dramatist (b.1621)
- November 11–Rosina Schnorr,German businessperson (b.1618)
- November 19–Roger Conant,Massachusetts governor, founder ofSalem, Massachusetts(b.1592)
- November 27–Archibald Primrose, Lord Carrington,Scottish judge (b.1616)
- December 4–Thomas Hobbes,English philosopher (b.1588)
- December 10–Francesco Barberini,Italian Catholic cardinal (b.1597)
- December 20–John Maurice, Prince of Nassau-Siegen(b.1604)
- December 18–John Frederick, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg,Duke of Brunswick-Calenberg (1665–1679) (b.1625)
- December 21–Claude Lamoral, 3rd Prince of Ligne,Spanish general and prince (b.1618)
- December 28
- Peder Winstrup,Bishop of Lund (b.1605)
- Andrzej Trzebicki,nobleman and priest in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (b.1607)
- December 31–Giovanni Alfonso Borelli,Italian physiologist and physicist (b.1608)
References
[edit]- ^abcWilliams, Hywel (2005).Cassell's Chronology of World History.London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp.278–279.ISBN0-304-35730-8.
- ^Sir Jadunath Sarkar,The History of Bengal(University of Dacca, 1943) p. 382
- ^"The story of the Covenanters Memorial",Orkney.com
- ^Roland, Claudine (1997).The Canal du Midi.MSM.ISBN2-909998-66-5.