1711
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1711(MDCCXI) was acommon year starting on Thursdayof theGregorian calendarand acommon year starting on Mondayof theJulian calendar,the 1711th year of theCommon Era(CE) andAnno Domini(AD) designations, the 711th year of the2nd millennium,the 11th year of the18th century,and the 2nd year of the1710sdecade. As of the start of 1711, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
In theSwedish calendarit was acommon year starting on Tuesday,one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar.
Events
[edit]January–March
[edit]- January–Cary's Rebellion:TheLords ProprietorappointEdward Hydeto replaceThomas Cary,as thegovernorof theNorth Carolinaportion of theProvince of Carolina.Hyde's policies are deemed hostile toQuakerinterests, leading former governor Cary and his Quaker allies to take up arms against the province.[1]
- January 24– The first performance ofFrancesco Gasparini's most famous operaTamerlanotakes place at theTeatro San CassianoinVenice.[2]
- February– French settlers atFort Louis de la MobilecelebrateMardi Gras in Mobile(Alabama), by parading a large papier-mache ox head on a cart (the first Mardi Gras parade in America).[3]
- February 3– A totallunar eclipseoccurs, at 12:31UT.
- February 24
- Thomas Cary,after declaring himself Governor of North Carolina, sails an armedbrigantineup theChowan River,to attack Governor Hyde's forces fortified at ColonelThomas Pollock's plantation. The attack fails, and Cary's forces retreat.[4]
- RinaldobyGeorge Frideric Handel,the first Italianoperawritten for theLondonstage, premieres at theQueen's Theatre,Haymarket.[5]
- March 1–The Spectatoris founded byJoseph AddisonandRichard Steelein London.[6]
April–June
[edit]- April 3–Clipperton Islandis rediscovered by Frenchmen Martin de Chassiron and Michel Du Bocage, who draws up the first map and claims the island for France. The island had been discovered by Alvaro Saavedra Cedrón in 1528.
- April 5(Easter Sunday) – The central tower ofElgin Cathedralin northeast Scotland collapses.[7]
- April 13– TheTreaty of the Lutsk,a secret agreement between theTsardom of Russiaand theOttoman Protectorate of Moldaviais signed inLutsk,Poland-Lithuania(modern-day Ukraine).
- April 17–Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperordies, opening the way for the succession of his brotherCharles VI.This complicates the ongoingWar of the Spanish Successionas Charles is one of the two candidates for the Spanish throne, backed by theGrand Alliance.
- April 29– Arabidwolf fatally injures two shepherds inRoncà,North Italy; it also attacks livestock.
- May –Alexander Popepublishes the poemAn Essay on Criticismin London.
- May 25– In Denmark,Helsingøris put under military blockade to prevent an outbreak of plague from spreading to Copenhagen; this year about one third of Helsingør's population is killed by the disease.[8]
- June 18–King Louis XIVbecomes thelongest-reigning monarchin the world, surpassing the previous record of 68 years set byKʼinich Janaabʼ Pakalin 683. As of 2022, Louis XIV still holds this record.
July–September
[edit]- July 2–Cary's Rebellion:Lieutenant GovernorAlexander Spotswoodof Virginia dispatches a company of Royal Marines to assist Governor Hyde. After hearing of this, Cary's troops abandon all of their fortifications along thePamlico River.Cary and many of his supporters are soon caught and sent to England as prisoners, ending Cary's Rebellion.[9]
- July 11– The town ofSão Paulo,Brazil, is elevated to city status.
- July 21– TheTreaty of the Pruthis signed between theOttoman EmpireandRussia,ending thePruth River Campaign.[10]
- July 29– Total lunar eclipse at 17:50UT.
- August 1– TheDutch East India Companytrading shipZuytdorpleaves theNetherlandson an ill-fated voyage toIndonesiabearing a load of freshly minted silver coins. The wreck site remains unknown until the mid-20th century, on a remote part of theWestern Australiancoast betweenKalbarriandShark Bay.
- August 7–Capture of the galleonSan Joaquin:Spanish galleonSan Joaquinin a treasure fleet sailing fromCartagena de Indias(modern-day Colombia) to Spain surrenders after an engagement with five British ships.
- August 9–John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlboroughwith an army of 30,000besieges Bouchainin theWar of the Spanish Succession.The siege lasts 34 days and results in the last major victory for Churchill.
- August 11– The first horse race is held at the newly foundedAscot Racecourse,which becomes one of the leading racecourses in England.
- August 13– Tamachi Raisinhji becomesJam Sahib(ruling prince) ofNawanagar StateinGujarat,India.
- August 14– The inauguration of the newly builtCathedral of the Assumptiontakes place inGozo,Malta.
- August 22– TheQuebec Expedition,a British attempt to attackQuebecas part ofQueen Anne's War,fails when 8 of its ships are wrecked in theSaint Lawrence Riverand 890 people, mostly soldiers, drown.
- September 8– TheSouth Sea Companyreceives aRoyal Charterin Britain.[11]
- September 10(also datedSeptember 12) –John Lawson,Christoph von Graffenried,twoAfrican Americanslaves and twoNative Americansleave on an exploration expedition fromNew Bern, North Carolina,and travel north by canoe up theNeuse River.
- September 14(approximate date) – Tuscarora natives capture John Lawson, Christoph von Graffenried and their expeditionary party, and bring them to Catechna.
- September 16(approximate date) – Tuscarora natives kill Lawson. Von Graffenried and oneAfrican Americanslave are known to have been set free.
- September 18– Bishop Bogusław Gosiewski sells the town ofMaladzyechnain theMinsk RegionofBelarusto the mightyOgińskifamily.
- September 22– TheTuscarora Warbegins whenTuscaroranatives under the command of Chief Hancock raid settlements along the south bank of the Pamlico River, within the Province of Carolina (modern-day North Carolina), killing around 130 people.
October–December
[edit]- October 7–HMSFevershamis wrecked on Scaterie Island,Nova Scotiawith the loss of 102 lives.
- October 11– Panic kills 241 people in thestampede on the Guillottière bridgeinFrancenearLyon.Revelers returning from a festival on the other side of theRhôneriver are blocked by from crossing after a collision between a carriage and a cart. At least 25 fall off the bridge and into the river, while 216 are trampled by people behind them.[12]
- October 14
- YostoskillsTewoflos,becomingEmperor of Ethiopia.
- Woodes Rogersreturns toEnglandafter a successful round-the-worldprivateeringcruise againstSpain,carrying loot worth £150,000.
- October 16–Académie Royale des Beaux-Artsis established inBrussels.
- November 5– The southwest spire ofSouthwell MinsterinNottinghamshire,Englandis struck by lightning, resulting in a fire that spreads to the nave and tower, destroying roofs, bells, clock and organ.
- November 7– TheDutch East India CompanyshipLiefderuns aground and sinks offOut Skerries,Shetland,with the loss of all but one of her 300 crew.
- December 5–Great Northern War:theBattle of Wismarresults in a Danish victory over Swedish forces.
- December 7– In theParliament of Great BritaintheEarl of Nottinghamsuccessfully proposes a "No Peace Without Spain"amendment.
- December 8– TheImmaculate Conception Cathedral, ComayaguainHonduras,one of the oldest cathedrals inCentral America,is inaugurated.
- December 12– A constitution is approved for theAcademy of Sciences of the Institute of Bologna,which had been founded in 1690.
- December 13–Wall StreetinNew York Citybecomes the city's first official slave market for the sale and rental of enslaved Africans and Indians.
- December 15– The OldPummerin,a massive bell cast from 208 captured cannons, is consecrated byBishopFranz Ferdinand Freiherr von Rummelin preparation for its installation inSt. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna(theStephansdom).
- December 25– The rebuilding ofSt Paul's Cathedralin London to a design bySir Christopher Wrenis declared complete by Parliament;Old St Paul'shad been destroyed by the 1666Great Fire of London.
Date unknown
[edit]- John Shoreinvents thetuning fork.
- Luigi Ferdinando Marsilishows thatcoralis an animal rather than a plant as previously thought.
Births
[edit]
January–March
[edit]- January 1–Baron Franz von der Trenck,Austrian noble (d.1749)
- January 3
- Charles Moss,British bishop of Bath and Wells (d.1802)
- Giuseppe Capece Zurlo,Italian cardinal who served as Archbishop of Naples (d.1801)
- January 12–Gaetano Latilla,Italian opera composer (d.1788)
- January 15–Sidonia Hedwig Zäunemann,German poet (d.1740)
- January 22–Johann Phillip Fabricius,German missionary (d.1791)
- January 28–Johan Hörner,Swedish-born Danish portrait painter (d.1763)
- January 29–Giuseppe Bonno,Austrian composer (d.1788)
- January 30–Abraham Roentgen,German Ébéniste (cabinetmaker) (d.1793)
- February 2–Wenzel Anton, Prince of Kaunitz-Rietberg,Austrian diplomat and chancellor (d.1794)
- February 3–Omar Ali Saifuddin I,Sultan of Brunei (d.1795)
- February 4–Józef Aleksander Jabłonowski,Polish prince (d.1777)
- February 5–Joseph Umstatt,Austrian composer of the early Classical era (d.1762)
- February 6–Charles Sackville, 2nd Duke of Dorset,English cricketer (d.1769)
- February 9
- Anthony Ashley Cooper, 4th Earl of Shaftesbury,England (d.1771)
- Luis Vicente de Velasco,Spanish officer and commander in the Royal Spanish Navy (d.1762)
- February 10–John Plumptre,British politician (d.1791)
- February 13–Domènec Terradellas,Spanish opera composer (d.1751)
- February 14–Alexandra Kurakina,daughter of Lieutenant-General and Senator Ivan Panin (d.1786)
- February 23–Louis de Brienne de Conflans d'Armentières,French general (d.1774)
- February 25
- Tokugawa Gorōta,Japanese daimyō (d.1713)
- John Perceval, 2nd Earl of Egmont,British politician with Irish connections (d.1770)
- February 27
- Gerrit de Graeff,member of the De Graeff family from the Dutch Golden Age (d.1752)
- Constantine Mavrocordatos,Prince of Wallachia and Moldavia (d.1769)
- March 4–Matthäus Stach,Moravian missionary in Greenland (d.1787)
- March 5–Carl Gustaf Pilo,Swedish-born artist and painter (d.1793)
- March 11–Joseph Leeson, 1st Earl of Milltown,Irish peer and politician (d.1783)
- March 22–Samuel Gotthold Lange,German poet (d.1781)
- March 24–William Brownrigg,doctor and scientist (d.1800)
April–June
[edit]- April 2–Job Baster,Dutch naturalist (d.1775)
- April 3–Hartwig Karl von Wartenberg,Royal Prussian major general (d.1757)
- April 10–John Gambold,British bishop (d.1771)
- April 13–John Mitchell,colonial American physician and botanist (d.1768)
- April 14–Lord John Murray,British general and politician (d.1787)
- April 22
- Paul II Anton, Prince Esterházy(d.1762)
- Eleazar Wheelock,American President of Dartmouth College (d.1779)
- April 26
- Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont,French writer (d.1780)
- David Hume,Scottish philosopher, economist, and historian (d.1776)
- May 1–Richard Clarke,Massachusetts merchant (d.1795)
- May 7–Johann Friedrich Gräfe,German civil servant and an amateur composer (d.1787)
- May 9–Sir Mark Sykes, 1st Baronet,priest in the Church of England (d.1783)
- May 10–Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth,member of the House of Hohenzollern (d.1763)
- May 12–Abraham Darby II,English ironmaster (d.1763)
- May 17–Agustín de Jáuregui,Spanish colonial governor (d.1784)
- May 18–Roger Joseph Boscovich,Croatian-Italian priest and mathematician (d.1787)
- May 22–Guillaume du Tillot,French politician (d.1774)
- May 23–Ulla Tessin,Swedish courtier (d.1768)
- May 31–Johann Heinrich Samuel Formey,German writer (d.1797)
- June 6–Jean-Baptiste Coye,Occitan language writer (d.1771)
- June 7–François Jacquier,French Franciscan mathematician and physicist (d.1788)
- June 8–Charles Morris,Canadian judge (d.1781)
- June 12–Louis Legrand,French Sulpician priest and theologian (d.1780)
- June 13–Sir Richard Glyn, 1st Baronet, of Ewell,British banker and politician (d.1773)
- June 16–François-Louis de Pourroy de Lauberivière,fifth bishop of the diocese of Quebec (1739–1740) (d.1740)
- June 19–Jacob Bremer,Swedish merchant and industrialist (d.1785)
- June 23–Giovanni Battista Guadagnini,Italian luthier (d.1786)
July–September
[edit]- July 10–Princess Amelia of Great Britain,Second daughter of George II of Great Britain (d.1786)
- July 11–Anne Poulett,British politician (d.1785)
- July 18–John Olmius, 1st Baron Waltham,of Ireland (d.1762)
- July 22–Georg Wilhelm Richmann,German physicist (d.1753)
- July 24–Richard FitzWilliam, 6th Viscount FitzWilliam(d.1776)
- July 26
- Lorenz Christoph Mizler,German music historian, polymath (d.1778)
- Jacques Hardouin-Mansart de Sagonne,French architect (d.1778)
- July 27–Christian Ancher,Norwegian merchant (d.1765)
- July 29–Claude-Adrien Nonnotte,French writer (d.1793)
- August 19
- Daniel Liénard de Beaujeu,Canadian officer during King George's War and the Seven Years' War (d.1755)
- Edward Boscawen,British Royal Navy admiral (d.1761)
- Gabriel de Solages,French soldier and industrialist (d.1799)
- August 21–Bernardo de Hoyos,Beatified Spanish priest (d.1735)
- September 1–William IV, Prince of Orange,first hereditary stadtholder of the Netherlands (d.1751)[13]
- September 2–Noël Hallé,French painter (d.1781)
- September 5–Johann Nathanael Lieberkühn,German physician (d.1756)
- September 6–Henry Muhlenberg,Lutheran clergyman and missionary (d.1787)
- September 8–Flavio Chigi,Italian Catholic cardinal (d.1771)
- September 9–Thomas Hutchinson,historian and last civilian Governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay (d.1780)
- September 11–Alexandre Guy Pingré,Catholic priest and scientist (d.1796)
- September 14–Michele Foschini,Italian painter (d.1770)
- September 15–Heinrich IX, Count Reuss of Köstritz,Count of Reuss-Köstritz and Minister of Prussia (d.1780)
- September 17–John Zephaniah Holwell,British surgeon (d.1798)
- September 18–Ignaz Holzbauer,composer of symphonies (d.1783)
- September 19–Charles Holmes,Rear admiral in the British Navy during the Seven Years' War (d.1761)
- September 20
- Ignazio Cirri,Italian organist and composer in the 18th century (d.1787)
- Frederick August I, Duke of Oldenburg(d.1785)
- September 22–Thomas Wright,English astronomer (d.1786)
- September 23–Louis Nicolas Victor de Félix d'Ollières,Marshal of France (d.1775)
- September 25–Qianlong Emperor,sixth Emperor of the Qing dynasty in China (d.1799)
- September 26–Richard Grenville-Temple, 2nd Earl Temple,British politician and first Lord of the Admiralty (d.1779)
- September 28–Joseph Richardson Sr.,American silversmith (d.1784)
October–December
[edit]- October 8–Kumara Swamy Desikar,Indian philosopher (d.1810)
- October 9–James Grimston, 2nd Viscount Grimston,British peer and Member of Parliament (d.1773)
- October 14–John Smith,British astronomer (d.1795)
- October 15
- William Cooke,English cleric and academic (d.1797)
- Daniel Parke Custis,American planter (d.1757)
- Elisabeth Therese of Lorraine,Sardinian queen consort (d.1741)
- October 17–Jupiter Hammon,American writer (d.1806)
- October 20–Timothy Ruggles,American colonial politician (d.1795)
- October 21–Armand-Jérôme Bignon,French lawyer (d.1772)
- October 31–Laura Bassi,Italian physicist and academic (d.1778)
- November 1–Marcus Fredrik Bang,Norwegian bishop (d.1789)
- November 5–Kitty Clive,British actor (d.1785)
- November 10–Robert Hay Drummond,Archbishop of York (d.1776)
- November 11–Stepan Krasheninnikov,Russian scientist (d.1755)
- November 18–Franz Töpsl,German historian and Augustinian Canon Regular (d.1796)
- November 19
- John Berrien,farmer and merchant from Rocky Hill (d.1772)
- Mikhail Lomonosov,Russian polymath (d.1765)
- November 20–Niclas Gustaf Duncan,Swedish post official and spy (d.1771)
- November 21–Samuel Morris,merchant and Patriot in colonial and revolutionary-era Philadelphia (d.1782)
- November 27–Gerard Joan Vreeland,28th Governor of Ceylon during the Dutch period in Ceylon (d.1752)
- November 30–Ebenezer Kinnersley,American scientist (d.1778)
- December 4–Barbara of Portugal,infanta of Portugal and later Queen of Ferdinand VI of Spain (d.1758)
- December 21–Thomas Whitmore,British Whig politician and MP (d.1773)
- December 23–Jacob Fortling,German-Danish sculptor (d.1761)
- December 25–Jean-Joseph de Mondonville,French composer and violinist (d.1772)
- December 26–Maria Menshikova,daughter of Aleksandr Danilovich Menshikov (d.1729)
- December 28–Samuel Egerton,British landowner and politician (d.1780)
- Full Date Unknown–Mariot Arbuthnot,British admiral during theAmerican War for Independence(d.1794)
- Susanna Passavant,Jeweller and toy designer (d.1790)
Deaths
[edit]- January 6–Philips van Almonde,Dutch admiral (b.1644)
- January 16– BlessedJoseph Vaz,Apostle of Ceylon (b.1651)
- January 10–John Manners, 1st Duke of Rutland,English nobleman and politician (b.1638)
- January 21–Augustinus Terwesten,18th century painter from the Northern Netherlands (b.1649)
- January 26–Luis Francisco de la Cerda,Spanish noble, politician (b.1660)
- February 3–Francesco Maria de' Medici, Duke of Rovere and Montefeltro,Italian Catholic cardinal (b.1660)
- March 3–Charles, Landgrave of Hesse-Wanfried(1676–1711) (b.1649)
- March 13–Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux,French poet and critic (b.1636)
- March 15–Eusebio Kino,Italian Catholic missionary (b.1645)
- March 19–Thomas Ken,English bishop and hymn-writer (b.1637)
- March 29–Gabriel Gerberon,French Jansenist monk (b.1628)
- April 9–Charles Duncombe,British politician (b.1648)
- April 14–Louis, Grand Dauphin,son ofLouis XIV of France(b.1661)
- April 17–Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor(b.1678)
- May 2–Laurence Hyde, 1st Earl of Rochester,English statesman (b.1641)
- June 7–Henry Dodwell,Irish theologian (b.1641)
- June 8–Katharyne Lescailje,Dutch writer (b.1649)
- June 16–Maria Amalia of Courland,Landgravine of Hesse-Kassel (b.1653)
- July 6–James Douglas, 2nd Duke of Queensberry,Scottish politician (b.1662)
- July 15–John Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle,England (b.1662)
- July 18–Richard Verney, 11th Baron Willoughby de Broke,English baron (b.1622)
- July 19–Date Tsunamune,Japanese daimyō of Sendai han (b.1640)
- August 22–Louis François, duc de Boufflers,Marshal of France (b.1644)
- August 25–Edward Villiers, 1st Earl of Jersey,English politician (b. c.1656)
- August 30–Pieter Spierinckx,Flemish painter (b.1635)
- August 31–Jean Le Pelletier,French polygraph and alchemist (b.1633)
- September 3–Élisabeth Sophie Chéron,French musician (b.1648)
- September 14–Claude Aveneau,French missionary (b.1650)
- September 17–Giovanni Maria Gabrielli,Italian Catholic cardinal (b.1654)
- September 19–Davide Cocco Palmieri,Italian Catholic bishop (b.1632)
- October 5–Paulet St John, 3rd Earl of Bolingbroke,English politician (b.1634)
- October 14–Tewoflos,Emperor of Ethiopia
- October 30–Wilhelmus à Brakel,Dutch theologian (b.1635)
- November 3
- John Ernest Grabe,German-born Anglican theologian (b.1666)
- Giordano Vitale,Italian mathematician (b.1633)
- Date unknown–Cille Gad,Norwegian poet (b.1675)
References
[edit]- ^Cary's Rebellion ". North Carolina Digital History. Learn NC University of North Carolina. Retrieved November 15 2023.
- ^"Tamerlano (Gasparini)". opérabaroque.fr. Opéra Baroque. Retrieved November 15 2023.
- ^"Mardi Gras: Mobile's Paradoxical Party". The Wisdom of Chief Slacabamorinico. Retrieved November 15 2023.
- ^Bickham, Troy O. (23 September 2004). "Cary, Thomas (d. c. 1720)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/68507. ISBN 978-0-19-861412-8. Retrieved November 15 2023.(Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^Williams, Hywel (2005).Cassell's Chronology of World History.London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.ISBN0-304-35730-8.
- ^Information Britain.
- ^Ross, David (2002).Chronology of Scottish History.New Lanark: Geddes & Grosset.ISBN1-85534-380-0.
- ^"1700-tallet: Introduktion"(in Danish). Øresundstid.RetrievedSeptember 13,2013.
- ^C. Wingate Reed (1962).Beaufort County: Two Centuries of Its History.p. 63.
- ^David R. Jones (1978).The Military-naval Encyclopedia of Russia and the Soviet Union.Academic International Press. p. 13.
- ^"Royal Charters, Privy Council website".Archived fromthe originalon August 24, 2007.RetrievedAugust 24,2007.
- ^"Le 11 octobre 1711, la tragédie du Pont de la Guille a donné la Part-Dieu, devenue depuis la Part du diable (" On October 11, 1711, the tragedy of the Pont de la Guille gave rise to the Part-Dieu, now Part du Diable) "(in French). October 11, 2016.
- ^"William IV | prince of Orange and Nassau".Encyclopedia Britannica.RetrievedAugust 23,2020.