1721
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | |
| Decades: | |
| Years: |
| 1721 by topic |
|---|
| Arts and science |
| Countries |
| Lists of leaders |
| Birth and death categories |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Works category |
| Gregorian calendar | 1721 MDCCXXI |
| Ab urbe condita | 2474 |
| Armenian calendar | 1170 ԹՎ ՌՃՀ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6471 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1642–1643 |
| Bengali calendar | 1128 |
| Berber calendar | 2671 |
| British Regnal year | 7Geo. 1– 8Geo. 1 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2265 |
| Burmese calendar | 1083 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7229–7230 |
| Chinese calendar | Canh tửNiên (MetalRat) 4418 or 4211 — to — Tân sửu niên (MetalOx) 4419 or 4212 |
| Coptic calendar | 1437–1438 |
| Discordian calendar | 2887 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1713–1714 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5481–5482 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| -Vikram Samvat | 1777–1778 |
| -Shaka Samvat | 1642–1643 |
| -Kali Yuga | 4821–4822 |
| Holocene calendar | 11721 |
| Igbo calendar | 721–722 |
| Iranian calendar | 1099–1100 |
| Islamic calendar | 1133–1134 |
| Japanese calendar | Kyōhō6 ( hưởng bảo ６ niên ) |
| Javanese calendar | 1645–1646 |
| Julian calendar | Gregorian minus 11 days |
| Korean calendar | 4054 |
| Minguo calendar | 191 beforeROC Dân tiền 191 niên |
| Nanakshahi calendar | 253 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2263–2264 |
| Tibetan calendar | Dương kim thử niên (male Iron-Rat) 1847 or 1466 or 694 — to — Âm kim ngưu niên (female Iron-Ox) 1848 or 1467 or 695 |
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1721(MDCCXXI) was acommon year starting on Wednesdayof theGregorian calendarand acommon year starting on Sundayof theJulian calendar,the 1721st year of theCommon Era(CE) andAnno Domini(AD) designations, the 721st year of the2nd millennium,the 21st year of the18th century,and the 2nd year of the1720sdecade. As of the start of 1721, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Events
[edit]January–March
[edit]- January 6– The Committee of Inquiry on the collapse of theSouth Sea CompanyinGreat Britainpublishes its findings.
- February 5–James Stanhope,chief minister of Great Britain, dies a day after collapsing while vigorously defending his government's conduct over the "South Sea Bubble" in Parliament.
- March 24–Johann Sebastian Bach'sBrandenburg concertosare completed, and dedicated toChristian Ludwig of Brandenburg-Schwedt.
April–June
[edit]- April 4–Robert Walpolebecomes the firstPrime Minister of Great Britain(although this is more a term of disparagement at this time).[1]
- April 21– The deadliestoutbreak of smallpoxin the history ofBostonbegins when the British ship HMSSea Horsearrives in Boston Harbor with a crew of sailors who had survived a smallpox epidemic. One of theSeahorsecrew who had cleared quarantine develops symptoms the next day and infects other people in a lodging house. Over the next 10 months, 5,759 cases of smallpox are recorded in Boston and 844 people die of the disease.
- April 26–PiratesJohn TaylorandOlivier Levasseurcapture the 700-tonPortuguesegalleonNossa Senhora do CaboatRéunion.The total value of treasure on board (fromGoa) is estimated as between £100,000 and £875,000, one of the largest pirate hauls ever.[2][3]
- May 8–Pope Innocent XIIIsucceedsPope Clement XI,as the 244thpope.
- June 26– Dr. Zabdiel Boylston of theHarvard UniversitySchool of Medicine begins the first public inoculation campaign in order to slow thesmallpox epidemicin Boston, giving a vaccine to his own son, and then to his slave and the slave's infant son.[4]
July –September
[edit]- July 31– The Spanish expedition led by Coahuila GovernorJosé de Azlor y Virto de Vera,sent to recapture Texas from the French, encountersNeches Riverthe smaller French force ofLouis Juchereau de St. Denis,who had led the French expansion westward from the Louisiana territory. Realizing that his forces are badly outnumbered, St. Denis abandons hope of colonizing the east Texas territory and Azlor retakes the area.[5]
- August 18– TheSack of Shamakhioccurs, in the PersianSafavid Empire.
- September 10(August 23Old Style) – TheTreaty of Nystadis signed, ending theGreat Northern War.
October –December
[edit]- October 22– TheKelantan Sultanateis established at Kelantan Darul Naim (modern-day Kelantan Darul Naim, Malaysia).
- November 2(October 22Old Style) – TheRomanovand architect of the Great Northern WarPeter I,is proclaimed the first Emperor ofAll the Russias.This replaces the 174-year-longTsardom of Russiawith theRussian Empire,which will collapse almost 200 years later in1917).
- December 22–Philip V of Spainsigns a Royal Decree inLerma,transforming the Seminary of Saint Rose of Lima inCaracasinto theUniversidad Real y Pontificia de Caracas.
Date unknown
[edit]- José de Azlor y Virto de Vera,Marquis of San Miguel de Aguayo and governor ofSpanish Texas,establishes the fort ofPresidio La Bahíaat its original location, on the ruins of the failed FrenchFort Saint Louis.
- Regular mail service betweenLondonandNew Englandis established.[6]
- Asuggestion boxis developed under the eighthshōgunofJapan,Yoshimune Tokugawa.
Births
[edit]- January 10–Johann Philipp Baratier,German scholar (d.1740)
- January 11–Anna Magdalena Godiche,Danish book printer and publisher (d.1781)
- January 17–Countess Palatine Elisabeth Auguste of Sulzbach,politically active Electress of Bavaria (d.1794)
- February 3–Friedrich Wilhelm von Seydlitz,Prussian general (d.1773)
- February 8–Catharina Elisabet Grubb,Finnish industrialist (d.1788)
- February 21–John McKinly,American physician, President of Delaware (d.1796)
- March 8–Elizabeth Pierrepont, Duchess of Kingston-upon-Hull,English noble (d.1788)
- March 9–Countess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrücken(d.1774)
- March 19–Tobias Smollett,Scottish physician and author (d.1771)
- April 11–David Zeisberger,Moravian missionary (d.1808)
- April 14–John Hanson,President of the Continental Congressof America (d.1783)
- April 15–Prince William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland,English military leader (d.1765)
- April 19–Roger Sherman,signer of theUnited States Declaration of Independence(d.1793)
- June 19–Johann de Kalb,Bavarian-French military officer who served as a major general in theContinental Armyduring theAmerican Revolutionary War(d.1780)
- July 9–Johann Nikolaus Götz,German poet (d.1781)
- July 14–John Douglas,Scottish Anglican bishop and man of letters (d.1807)
- August 4–Granville Leveson-Gower, 1st Marquess of Stafford,English politician (d.1803)
- August 31–George Hervey, 2nd Earl of Bristol,British statesman (d.1775)
- September 10–Peyton Randolph,1st and 3rdPresident of the Continental Congress(d.1775)
- September 14–Eliphalet Dyer,American statesman and judge (d.1807)
- October 19–Joseph de Guignes,French orientalist (d.1800)
- November 9–Mark Akenside,English poet and physician (d.1770)
- November 22–Joseph Frederick Wallet DesBarres,Swiss-born cartographer and Canadian statesman (d.1824)
- December 6
- James Elphinston,Scottish philologist (d.1809)
- Guillaume-Chrétien de Lamoignon de Malesherbes,French statesman (d.1794)
- December 27–François Hemsterhuis,Dutch philosopher (d.1790)
- December 29–Madame de Pompadour,mistress of KingLouis XV of France(d.1764)[7]
- Date unknown–Im Yunjidang,Korean scholar, writer and neo-Confucian philosopher (d.1793)
Deaths
[edit]- January 25–Robert Challe,French colonialist (b.1659)
- January 26–Pierre Daniel Huet,French churchman and scholar (b.1630)
- February 5–Abraham Hill,British merchant (b.1633)
- February 5–James Stanhope, 1st Earl Stanhope,English chief minister (b.1673)
- February 16–James Craggs the Younger,English politician (b.1686)
- February 24–John Sheffield, 1st Duke of Buckingham and Normanby,English statesman and poet (b.1648)
- March 16–James Craggs the Elder,English politician (b.1657)
- March 19–Pope Clement XI(b.1649)
- March 29–Charles Vane,English pirate, executed (b.1680)
- April 14–Michel Chamillart,French statesman (b.1652)
- April 27–Eva von Buttlar,German mysticsectarian (b.1670)
- April 28–Mary Read,English-born pirate (b. c.1695)
- May 7–Zinat-un-Nissa,princess of the Mughal Empire (b.1643)
- May 8–Marc-René de Voyer de Paulmy d'Argenson (1652–1721),French politician (b.1652)
- May 10–Christian William I, Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen(1666–1720) (b.1647)
- June 3–Joaquín Canaves,Spanish Catholic bishop (b.1640)
- June 18–Philip, Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal,son of William VI (b.1655)
- July 8–Elihu Yale,American benefactor of Yale University (b.1649)
- July 18–Jean-Antoine Watteau,French painter (b.1684)
- July 19–Sir Jonathan Trelawny, 3rd Baronet,British bishop (b.1650)
- July 26–Godefroy Maurice de La Tour d'Auvergne, Duke of Bouillon,French noble (b.1636)
- August 3–Grinling Gibbons,Dutch-born woodcarver (b.1648)
- August 13–Jacques Lelong,French bibliographer (b.1665)
- September 3–Sir William Glynne, 2nd Baronet,English politician (b.1663)
- September 6–Georg Wolfgang Wedel,German physician, surgeon, botanist, chemist and philosopher (b.1645)
- September 8
- Michael Brokoff,Czech sculptor (b.1686)
- Henri Arnaud,French Waldensian pastor, leader (b.1641)
- September 9–David Martin,French theologian (b.1639)
- September 11–Rudolf Jakob Camerarius,German botanist and physician (b.1665)
- September 17–Marguerite Louise d'Orléans,French princess (b.1645)
- September 18–Matthew Prior,British poet and diplomat (b.1664)
- September 20–Thomas Doggett,Irish actor (b. c.1670)
- September 24–Pacificus of San Severino,Italian saint (b.1653)
- October 4–Abraham Alewijn,Dutch playwright (b.1664)
- October 11
- Edward Colston,English merchant, philanthropist (b.1636)
- Anton Florian, Prince of Liechtenstein(b.1656)
- October 23–Samuel Frisching,Bernese soldier and politician (b.1638)
- October 24–Anthony Morris (I),American politician (b.1654)
- December 13–Alexander Selkirk,Scottish sailor (original "Robinson Crusoe") (b.1676)
- December 17–Richard Lumley, 1st Earl of Scarbrough,English statesman (b.1650)
- December 25–António Luís de Sousa, 2nd Marquis of Minas,Portuguese general, governor-general of Brazil (b.1644)
- date unknown– Sultan Abdullah Khan Abdali, Persian Governor, Shah ofHerat(b.1670)
References
[edit]- ^"Sir Robert Walpole".10.HM Government. Archived fromthe originalon November 1, 2011.RetrievedNovember 16,2011.
- ^Frank Sherry,Raiders and Rebels: The Golden Age of Piracy(Quill, 1986) p15
- ^Breverton, Terry(2004).Black Bart Roberts: The Greatest Pirate of Them All.Gretna, LA: Pelican Publishing. p. 57.ISBN1-58980-233-0.
- ^"The Boston Inoculation Controversy of 1721-1722: An Incident in the History of Race", by Margo Minardi,The William and Mary Quarterly(January 2004)
- ^John L. Kessell,Spain in the Southwest: A Narrative History of Colonial New Mexico, Arizona, Texas, and California(University of Oklahoma Press, 2013) p217
- ^Clear, Todd R.; Cole, George F.; Resig, Michael D. (2006).American Corrections(7th ed.). Thompson.
- ^Gordon, Alden R. (2003)."Searching for the Elusive Madame de Pompadour".Eighteenth-Century Studies.37(1): 95.doi:10.1353/ecs.2003.0062.ISSN0013-2586.JSTOR25098031.S2CID144477737.