1729
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1729(MDCCXXIX) was acommon year starting on Saturdayof theGregorian calendarand acommon year starting on Wednesdayof theJulian calendar,the 1729th year of theCommon Era(CE) andAnno Domini(AD) designations, the 729th year of the2nd millennium,the 29th year of the18th century,and the 10th and last year of the1720sdecade. As of the start of 1729, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
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Events[edit]
January–March[edit]
- January 8–Frederick,the eldest son of KingGeorge II of Great Britainis madePrince of Walesat the age of 21, a few months after he comes to Britain for the first time after growing up inHanover.For 23 years, Frederick is heir apparent to the British throne, but dies of a lung injury in1751.
- January 19– At the age of 14,Joseph(José),Prince of Brazil,son of KingJohn V of Portugal,is married to the 10-year-old PrincessMariana Victoria of Spain,eldest daughter of KingPhilip V of Spain.In 1750, the couple become King Joseph I and Queen Consort Mariana Victoria of Spain.
- February 14– KingPhilip V of Spainissues a royalcedula,directing an effort to offer incentives to families from theCanary Islandsfor settlements in New Spain north of theRio Grandein the modern-day U.S. state ofTexas[1](→Canarian Americans).
- February 24(February 13 O.S.) – In the city ofReshtinPersia,Russian and Afghani leaders sign a peace treaty, with General Vasily Levashev for Russia and Muhammad Saidal Khan for Afghanistan.[2]
- February 25–James Oglethorpe,a member of the British House of Commons, begins service as theChairman of the Gaols Committeeto investigate the conditions of Britain's jails and prisons after the death inFleet Prisonof his friend, Robert Castell. The Oglethorpe Committee's report propels Oglethorpe to fame and leads to the beginning of British penal reforms.[3]
- March 5–Abdallah of Moroccobecomes the newSultan of Moroccoupon the death of his half-brother,Abu'l Abbas Ahmad.Sultan Abdallah reigns for five years before being deposed for the first time, then returns to the throne five more times between 1736 and 1757.
- March 19–John of Nepomuk(Jan Nepomucký) ofBohemiais canonized byPope Benedict XIIImore than 300 years after being tortured and drowned in 1393 by order of King Wenceslaus IV; John becomes patron saint of Roman Catholics in theCzech Republic.
- March 23–Johann Sebastian Bach'sFirst Köthen Funeral musicpremieres atSt. Jakob, Köthen,in honor of the funeral of his former employerLeopold, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen.The next morning, Bach's funeral cantataKlagt, Kinder, klagt es aller Welt,BWV 244apremieres at St. Jakob, marking the same occasion.
April–June[edit]
- April 3–Benjamin Franklin,aged 23, writes the essay "A Modest Enquiry Into the Nature and Necessity of Paper Currency" and later applies the economic principles to backing of paper money used in the United States.[4]
- April 15–Johann Sebastian Bach'sSt Matthew Passion,BWV 244b is performed again, atSt. Thomas Church, Leipzig.[5]
- April 26– For the first time in its history, theBritish House of Commonsis adjourned for lack of aquorum.On January 5,1640,it had first fixed the number of members necessary — 40 — for parliamentary business to be transacted.[6]
- May 8– A fire breaks out inside the fully walled town ofHaigerwithin theHoly Roman Empire(in the modern-day state of Hesse in Germany) and destroys all the buildings.
- May 12– Six English pirates, includingMary Critchett,seize control of the sloopJohn and Elizabethwhile being transported to America to complete their criminal sentences. They overpower their captors but are later captured inChesapeake Bayby HMSShorehamand hanged in August.
- May 17–Caroline, Queen Consortbecomes the first person to rule Great Britain as regent under theRegency Acts,beginning service as the acting monarch when her husbandKing George IIdeparts Britain for Germany, where he is theElector of Hanover.Caroline rules until George's return in October.[7]
- June 1–Diederik Durvenbecomes the newGovernor-Generalof theDutch East Indies(modern-day Indonesia) upon the death ofMattheus de Haan.
- June 8– TheBotanic Gardens of Pamplemousses,one of the most popular tourist attractions on the island republic ofMauritius,are started by Pierre Barmond, who sets aside thousands of acres for the purpose of preservation of the islands flora. The gardens come to occupy 97 square miles or 251 square kilometers.
July–September[edit]
- July 25– Seven of the original eightLords Proprietorof theProvince of Carolinasell their shares back to the British crown. The 1710 division of the Province is made permanent and the area is reorganized into the Royal Colonies ofNorth CarolinaandSouth Carolina.
- July 27– A fire that breaks out on this day inIstanbul[8]destroys 12,000 houses and kills 7,000 inhabitants.
- July 30–Baltimore, Marylandis founded.
- August 1– TheComet of 1729,possibly the largestcometbased on theabsolute magnitude,on record, is discovered by Fr.Nicolas Sarrabat,a professor of mathematics atMarseille.
- September 29– TheBattle of Damghanbegins as the Persian Safavid Army, commanded by GeneralNader Khan Afsharconfronts a larger force of rebel Afghan troops commanded by the EmirAshraf Hotak.
October–December[edit]
- October 5– After seven days of battle, the Persians under Nader Khan Afshar make a daring attack through the center of the Emir Ashraf's battalions, killing 12,000 of the Afghans and forcing the remainder to flee, bringing an end to the Battle of Damghan.
- November 9– TheTreaty of Sevilleis signed betweenGreat Britain,France,Spainand theDutch Republic.[9]
- November 29
- TheNatchez revolt,the worst Native American massacre to take place onMississippisoil, occurs whenNatchez peoplekill 138 Frenchmen, 35 French women, and 56 children atFort Rosalie(near modern-dayNatchez, Mississippi).
- The first (wooden)Putney Bridgeis completed, as the only fixed crossing of theRiver ThamesbetweenLondon BridgeandKingston,England.
- December 2–George Frideric Handel's famous operaLotariois given its first performance, premiering at the King's Theatre in London.
- December 12– Under the pretense of a peace offering, theYazooandKoroawarriors enter the French settlement atFort St. Pierre(near modern-dayVicksburg, Mississippi) and kill most of the inhabitants.[10]
Date unknown[edit]
- The third oldest settlement inMississippi,Port Gibson,is founded by French settlers.
- Jonathan Swift(anonymously) publishes his satireA Modest Proposal.[11]
Births[edit]
- January 12
- Lazzaro Spallanzani,Italian biologist (d.1799)
- Edmund Burke,Irish statesman and philosopher (d.1797)
- January 22–Gotthold Ephraim Lessing,German author and philosopher (d.1781)
- February 26–Anders Chydenius,Finnish economist, liberal politician and Lutheran priest (d.1803)[12]
- May 2–Catherine the Great,born Sophie of Anhalt-Zerbst, empress regnant of Russia (d.1796)[13]
- July 4–George Leonard,American lawyer, jurist and politician (d.1819)
- August 10–William Howe, 5th Viscount Howe,British general (d.1814)
- September 6–Moses Mendelssohn,German-Jewish philosopher (d.1786)
- September 15–Mikiel'Ang Grima,Maltesesurgeon(d.1798)
- October 6–Sarah Crosby,EnglishMethodistpreacher, the first female (d. 1804)
- November 17–Maria Antonia Ferdinanda of Spain,Queen consort of Sardinia (d.1785)
- November 21–Josiah Bartlett,second signer of theUnited States Declaration of Independence(d.1795)
- November 12–Louis Antoine de Bougainville,French navigator and military commander (d.1811)
- November 22–Helena Dorothea von Schönberg,German industrialist (d.1799)
- November 24–Alexander Suvorov,Russian general (d.1800)
- date unknown
- David Barclay of Youngsbury,English merchant, businessman and banker (d.1809)
- Samuel Barrington,British admiral (d.1800)
- Mary Woffington,Irish socialite (d.1811)[14]
Deaths[edit]
- January 11–Thomas of Cori,Italian Friar Minor and preacher (b.1655)
- January 19
- William Congreve,English playwright (b.1670)[15]
- Lorenzo Cozza,Italian Catholic cardinal (b.1654)
- January 30–Lothar Franz von Schönborn,Archbishop of Mainz (b.1655)
- January 31–Jacob Roggeveen,Dutch explorer (b.1659)
- February 11–Solomon Stoddard,pastor of the Congregationalist Church in Northampton, Massachusetts (b.1643)
- February 17–John Ernest IV, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld(b.1658)
- March 2–Francesco Bianchini,Italian philosopher, scientist (b.1662)
- March 15–Elisabeth Eleonore of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel,Duchess consort of Saxe-Meiningen (b.1658)
- March 21–John Law,Scottish economist (b.1671)
- March 18–Michael Bernhard Valentini,German naturalist (b.1657)
- March 21–Elżbieta Sieniawska,politically influential Polish magnate (b.1669)
- April 12–Louis-Guillaume Pécour,French dancer and choreographer (b.1653)
- March 6–Sir William Lowther, 1st Baronet, of Swillington,British politician (b.1663)
- March 26–Simon de la Loubère,French diplomat (b.1642)
- May 4–Louis-Antoine, Cardinal de Noailles,French bishop (b.1651)
- May 17–Samuel Clarke,English philosopher (b.1675)[16]
- June 4–Sir John Delaval, 3rd Baronet,English politician (b.1654)
- June 12–John Williams,American clergy (b.1664)
- June 27–Élisabeth Jacquet de La Guerre,French harpsichordist and composer (b.1665)
- July 16–Johann David Heinichen,German composer (b.1683)
- July 30–Thomas Tufton, 6th Earl of Thanet,British politician (b.1644)
- August 5–Thomas Newcomen,English inventor (b.1663)
- August 31–John Blackadder,Scottish soldier (b.1664)
- September 1–Richard Steele,Irish writer and politician (b.1672)[17]
- September 3–Jean Hardouin,French scholar (b.1646)
- September 7–William Burnet,British Governor of New York and New Jersey (b.1688)
- October 9–Richard Blackmore,English physician and writer (b.1654)[18]
- October 16–Johann Heinrich Ernesti,German philosopher, theologian (b.1652)
- October 30–William Conolly,Irish politician (b.1662)
- November 8–Joshua Oldfield,English Presbyterian divine (b.1656)
- November 11–John Benedict,Connecticut politician and deacon (b.1649)
- December–Doamna Marica Brâncoveanu,princess consort ofWallachia(b.1661)
- December 1–Giacomo F. Maraldi,French-Italian astronomer (b.1665)
- December 13–Anthony Collins,English philosopher (b.1676)[19]
- December 22–Michel Baron,French actor (b.1653)
- December 26–Honoré Tournély,French theologian (b.1658)[20]
- December 27–Olimpia Giustiniani,Italian noblewoman (b.1641)
- date unknown–Anastasia Markovych,Ukrainian Hetmana
References[edit]
- ^Gilbert R. Cruz,Let There Be Towns: Spanish Municipal Origins in the American Southwest, 1610-1810(Texas A&M University Press, 1996) p60
- ^Martin Sicker,The Islamic World in Decline: From the Treaty of Karlowitz to the Disintegration of the Ottoman Empire(Greenwood Press, 2001) p57
- ^Thomas D. Wilson,The Oglethorpe Plan: Enlightenment Design in Savannah and Beyond(University of Virginia Press, 2015)
- ^Lester C. Olson,Benjamin Franklin's Vision of American Community: A Study in Rhetorical Iconology(University of South Carolina Press, 2004) p117
- ^Mark A. Peters,Compositional Choices and Meaning in the Vocal Music of J. S. Bach(Lexington Books, 2018) p168
- ^Thomas Francis Moran,The Theory and Practice of the English Government(Longmans, Green, and Company, 1903) pp 264-265
- ^"Regents (England and France)", inThe Manual of Dates, A Dictionary of Reference to All the Most Important Events in the History of Mankind to be Found in Authentic Records,by George H. Townsend (Frederick Warne & Company, 1877) p805
- ^Yıldız, Kenan."Istanbul Fires During the Ottoman Period".History of Istanbul.RetrievedApril 30,2021.
- ^William L. R. Cates(1863).The Pocket Date Book.Chapman and Hall.
- ^George Edward Milne,Natchez Country: Indians, Colonists, and the Landscapes of Race in French Louisiana(University of Georgia Press, 2015) p185
- ^Williams, Hywel (2005).Cassell's Chronology of World History.London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.ISBN0-304-35730-8.
- ^Pelo, June."Anders Chydenius".Archivedfrom the original on October 30, 2007.RetrievedDecember 9,2020.
- ^"Catherine the Great | Biography, Facts, & Accomplishments".Encyclopedia Britannica.RetrievedMarch 22,2019.
- ^Highfill, Philip H.; Burnim, Kalman A.; Langhans, Edward A. (1993).A Biographical Dictionary of Actors, Actresses, Musicians, Dancers, Managers and Other Stage Personnel in London, 1660-1800.Vol. 16. Carbondale:Southern Illinois University Press.p. 225.ISBN978-0-8093-1803-2.
- ^"William Congreve | English dramatist".Encyclopedia Britannica.RetrievedAugust 23,2018.
- ^Medallic Illustrations of the History of Great Britain and Ireland to the Death of George II.Trustees of the British Museum. 1911. p. 2.
- ^"Parish Church of St Peter, Carmarthen".BritishListedBuildings.RetrievedSeptember 24,2018.
- ^Albert Rosenberg (1953).Sir Richard Blackmore: A Poet and Physician of the Augustan Age.University of Nebraska Press. pp. 158–160.
- ^Charles Bradlaugh (1956).Half-hours with the Freethinkers.J. Watts. p. 46.
- ^John McClintock; James Strong (1889).Cyclopædia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature.Harper & Brothers. p. 500.
Further reading[edit]
- John Blair;J. Willoughby Rosse (1856)."1729".Blair's Chronological Tables.London:H.G. Bohn.hdl:2027/loc.ark:/13960/t6349vh5n– via Hathi Trust.