1733
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1733(MDCCXXXIII) was acommon year starting on Thursdayof theGregorian calendarand acommon year starting on Mondayof theJulian calendar,the 1733rd year of theCommon Era(CE) andAnno Domini(AD) designations, the 733rd year of the2nd millennium,the 33rd year of the18th century,and the 4th year of the1730sdecade. As of the start of 1733, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Events[edit]
January–March[edit]
- January 13–Borommarachathirat VbecomesKing of Siam(nowThailand) upon the death ofKing Sanphet IX.
- January 27–George Frideric Handel's classic opera,Orlandois performed for the first time, making its debut at the King's Theatre in London.
- February 12– British colonistJames OglethorpefoundsSavannah, Georgia.[1]
- March 21– TheMolasses Actis passed by British House of Commons, which reinforces the negative opinions of the British by American colonists.[2]The Act then goes to the House of Lords, which consents to it on May 4 and it receives royal assent on May 17.
- March 25–EnglishreplacesLatinandLaw Frenchas the official language of English and Scottish courts following the enforcement of theProceedings in Courts of Justice Act 1730.
April–June[edit]
- April 6
- After British Prime MinisterRobert Walpole's proposedexcise tax billresults in rioting over the imposition of additional taxes and the use of government agents to collect them, Walpole informs the House of Commons that he will withdraw the legislation.[3]
- Royal Colony of North CarolinaCommissioners John Watson, Joshua Grainger, Michael Higgins and James Wimble begin selling lots for the town of New Carthage (which is later renamed and is nowWilmington, North Carolina), on the east side of theCape Fear River.[4]
- May 1– Thecanton systemis first introduced inPrussia.
- May 17– TheMolasses Actreceivesroyal assentand begins to go into effect on June 24.
- May 26– The introduction of John Kay'sFlying Shuttlewhich revolutionized the textile industry and marked the beginning of the Industrial Revolution.
- May 29– The right of Canadians to keepIndianslavesis upheld atQuebec.
- June 12– AtSchloss Salzdahlum,Prince Frederick of Prussia,the 21-year-old heir to the throne reluctantly marriesDuchess Elisabeth Christineof Brunswick-Bevern in order to avoid prosecution for desertion from the Prussian Army and to be guaranteed the throne. Despite the unhappy marriage Frederick and Elisabeth later reign as King and Queen Consort of Prussia.
- June 15– TheDanish West India Companybuys the island ofSaint CroixfromFrancefor 750,000livres.
July–September[edit]
- July 15– A hurricane off of the coast of theFlorida Keyswrecks at least 17 Spanish ships.
- July 30– The firstFreemasonslodge, theGrand Lodge of Massachusetts,opens in what will become the United States of America.[5]
- August 19– InWarsawasStanislas Leszczynskiappears to be on the verge of being elected King of Poland, Russia, Austria and Saxony signLöwenwolde's Treaty(named for Russian diplomatKarl Gustav von Löwenwolde), pledging to go to war to placeFrederick Augustus,son of the lateKing Augustus II,on the throne.[6]
- September 12–Stanislas Leszczynski,who had beenKing of Polandfrom 1704 to 1709 until being driven from the throne by King Augustus II, is returned to office by the vote of the Sejm.[7]Russia and Austria protest the election, since King Stanislaus is backed by France and Sweden.
- September 26– TheTreaty of Turinis signed inTurinas a secret agreement between KingLouis XV of Franceand KingCharles Emmanuel III of Sardinia.[8]
October–December[edit]
- October 5– The election ofAugustus III,to succeed his father asKing of Poland,sparks theWar of the Polish Succession.
- October 10–Francedeclares war onAustriaandSaxony.
- October 24– TheBattle of Kirkukstarts which will lead to the defeat of theOttomanarmy under generalTopal Osman Pasha.
- November 23– The1733 slave insurrection on St. Johnbegins: Slaves fromAkwamurebelagainst their owners in theDanish West Indies.
- December 19– Unsuccessful in capturingBaghdadfrom theOttoman Empire,Persia's ruler Nader Shah signs the Treaty of Baghdad with the Ottoman Governor, Ahmad Khan Pasha, with the Turks and the Iranians agreeing to restore the boundary between the two empires to the lines before the 1732 Ottoman invasion of Iran.[9]
- December 25– TheMolasses Actgoes into full effect.
Births[edit]
- January 22–Philip Carteret,British Naval Officer (d.1796)
- January 24–Benjamin Lincoln,major generalin theContinental Armyduring theAmerican Revolutionary War,and politician (d.1810)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Priestley.jpg/110px-Priestley.jpg)
- March 13–Joseph Priestley,English scientist and minister (d.1804)
- May 4–Jean-Charles de Borda,French mathematician, physicist, political scientist, and sailor (d.1799)
- July 27–Jeremiah Dixon,English surveyor and astronomer (d.1779)
- September 5–Christoph Martin Wieland,German poet and writer (d.1813)
- September 18–George Read,American lawyer and signer of theDeclaration of Independence(d.1798)
- October 14–François Sébastien Charles Joseph de Croix, Count of Clerfayt,Austrian field marshal (d.1798)
- October 15–Lisa Eriksdotter,Finnish visionary
- November 16–Siraj ud-Daulah,the last independent ruler ofBengalof undivided India (d.1757)
- November 20–Philip Schuyler,general in theAmerican Revolution,United States SenatorfromNew York,father ofAngelica Schuyler ChurchandElizabeth Schuyler Hamilton(d.1804)
- undated–Johanna Löfblad,Swedish actor and singer (d.1811)
Deaths[edit]
- January 17–George Byng, 1st Viscount Torrington,English Royal Navy admiral (b.1663)
- January 21–Bernard Mandeville,Dutch-born English economic philosopher (b.1670)
- January 22–Lovisa von Burghausen,Swedish memoirist (b.1698)
- January 25–Gilbert Heathcote,Mayor of London (b.1652)
- January 27–Thomas Woolston,English theologian (b.1668)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/A%C5%ADgust_Mocny._%D0%90%D1%9E%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%BD%D1%8B_%28H._Rodakowski%2C_XIX%29.jpg/110px-A%C5%ADgust_Mocny._%D0%90%D1%9E%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%BD%D1%8B_%28H._Rodakowski%2C_XIX%29.jpg)
- February 1– KingAugustus II the Strongof Poland (b.1670)
- February 2–Robert Price (judge),British judge and politician (b.1653)
- February 16–Ulrika Eleonora Stålhammar,Swedish officer (b.1683)
- March 4–Claude de Forbin,French naval commander (b.1656)
- April 14–Ippolito Desideri,Italian tibetologist (b.1684)
- April 19–Elizabeth Hamilton, Countess of Orkney,mistress ofWilliam III of England(b.1657)
- April 30–Rodrigo Anes de Sá Almeida e Meneses, 1st Marquis of Abrantes,Portuguese diplomat (b.1676)
- May 1–Nicolas Coustou,French artist (b.1658)
- May 3–Sir Richard Cox, 1st Baronet,England (b.1650)
- May 10–Barton Booth,English actor (b.1681)
- May 18–Georg Böhm,German organist (b.1661)
- June 23–Johann Jakob Scheuchzer,Swiss scholar (b.1672)
- July 12–Anne-Thérèse de Marguenat de Courcelles,French salon holder (b.1647)
- August 16–Matthew Tindal,English deist (b.1657)
- August 24–Pierre-Étienne Monnot,French artist (b.1657)
- September 12–François Couperin,French composer (b.1668)
- October 19–Sir Thomas Molyneux, 1st Baronet,Irish politician (b.1661)
- October 25–Giovanni Girolamo Saccheri,Italian mathematician (b.1667)
- October 31–Eberhard Louis, Duke of Württemberg,(b.1676)
- November 11–Willem Adriaan van der Stel,Dutch colonial administrator (b.1664)
- December 2–Gerard Hoet,Dutch painter (b.1648)
References[edit]
- ^"Historical Events for Year 1733 | OnThisDay.com".Historyorb.com.RetrievedJune 21,2016.
- ^"The Molasses Act: A Brief History",Journal of the American Revolution
- ^David F. Burg,A World History of Tax Rebellions: An Encyclopedia of Tax Rebels, Revolts, and Riots from Antiquity to the Present(Taylor & Francis, 2004)
- ^Chris E. Fonvielle, Jr.,Historic Wilmington & the Lower Cape Fear(Historical Publishing Network, 2007) p18
- ^"Boston Masons Organize First Grand Lodge in America".massmoments.org.August 2005.RetrievedFebruary 6,2019.
- ^"The imperial heritage of Peter the Great in the foreign policy of his early successors", by E. V. Anisimov, inImperial Russian Foreign Policy,ed. by Hugh Ragsdale (Cambridge University Press, 1993) p30
- ^Thomas Carlyle,History of Friedrich the Second, Called Frederick the Great(Harper & Brothers, 1858) p372
- ^Douglas M. Gibler,International Military Alliances, 1648-2008,(SAGE Publications, 2008) p.85
- ^Kaveh Farrokh,Iran at War, 1500-1988(Bloomsbury Publishing, 2011) pp110-113