1750
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1750(MDCCL) was acommon year starting on Thursdayof theGregorian calendarand acommon year starting on Mondayof theJulian calendar,the 1750th year of theCommon Era(CE) andAnno Domini(AD) designations, the 750th year of the2nd millennium,the 50th year of the18th century,and the 1st year of the1750sdecade. As of the start of 1750, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
| 1750 by topic |
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to1750.
Various sources, including theIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,use the year 1750 as a baseline year for the end of thepre-industrial era.[1][2][3]
1750 is commemorated as the year that started theindustrial revolution,although the underpinnings of the industrial revolution could have started earlier.
Events[edit]
January–March[edit]
- January 13– TheTreaty of MadridbetweenSpainandPortugalauthorizes a largerBrazilthan had theTreaty of Tordesillasof1494,which originally established the boundaries of the Portuguese and Spanish territories in South America.
- January 24– A fire inIstanbuldestroys 10,000 homes.[4]
- February 15– After Spain and Portugal agree that theUruguay Riverwill be the boundary line between the two kingdoms' territory in South America, the Spanish Governor orders the Jesuits to vacate seven Indian missions along the river (San Angel, San Nicolas, San Luis, San Lorenzo, San Miguel, San Juan and San Borja).[5]
- March 5– The Murray-Kean Company, a troupe of actors from Philadelphia, gives the first performance of a play announced in advance in a newspaper, presentingRichard IIIat New York City's Nassau Street Theatre.[6]
- March 20– The first number ofSamuel Johnson'sThe Ramblerappears.
April–June[edit]
- April 7–Maveeran Alagumuthu Kone,apolygarinTamil Naduraise slogans launches a rebellion againstCompany rule in Indiadue to his opposition to theEast India Company's tax collection policies.
- April 13–Dr. Thomas Walkerand five other men (Ambrose Powell, Colby Chew, William Tomlinson, Henry Lawless and John Hughes) cross through theCumberland Gap,a mountain pass through theAppalachian Mountains,to become the first white people to venture into territories that had been inhabited exclusively by various Indian tribes.[7]On April 17, Walker's party continues through what is nowKentuckyand locates theCumberland River,which Walker names in honor ofPrince William, Duke of Cumberland.
- April 14
- A group of West African slaves, bound for the Americas, successfully overpowers the crew of the British slave shipSnow Ann,imprisons the survivors, and then navigates the vessel back toCape LopezinGabon.[8]Upon regaining their freedom, the rebels leave the survivors on the Gabonese coast.
- TheViceroy of New Spain,Juan Francisco de Güemes,issues a notice to the missionaries inNuevo Santander(which includes parts of what are now the U.S. state ofTexas,includingSan Antonio,and the Mexican state ofTamaulipas) to work peacefully to convert the indigenousKarankawa peopleto Roman Catholicism.[9]
- April 25– TheAcadiansettlement inBeaubassin,Nova Scotia,is burnt by the French army, and the population is forcibly relocated, after France and Great Britain agree that theMissaguash Rivershould be the new boundary between peninsular British Nova Scotia and the mainland remnant of French Acadia (nowNew Brunswick)[10]
- May 16– Two weeks after police in Paris arrest six teenagers for gambling in the suburb ofSaint-Laurent,rioting breaks out when a rumor spreads that plainclothes policemen are hauling off small children between the ages of five to ten years old, in order to provide blood to an ailing aristocrat.[11]Over the next two weeks, rioting breaks out in other sections of Paris. Police are attacked, including one who is beaten to death by the mob, until order is restored and police reforms are announced.[12]
- June 19– At a time when mountain climbing is still relatively uncommon,Eggert Ólafssonand Bjarni Pálsson scale their first peak, the 4,892 foot (1,491 m) high Icelandic volcano,Hekla.[13]
- June 24– Parliament passes Britain'sIron Act,designed to restrict American manufactured goods by prohibiting additional ironworking businesses from producing finished goods. At the same time, import taxes on raw iron from America are lifted in order to give British manufacturers additional material for production.[14]By 1775, the North American colonies have surpassed England and Wales in iron production and have become the world's third largest producer of iron.
- June 29– An attempt inLimato begin a native uprising against Spanish colonial authorities in theViceroyalty of Peruis discovered and thwarted.[15]One of the conspirators, Francisco Garcia Jimenez, escapes toHuarochiríand kills dozens of Spaniards on July 25.
July–September[edit]
- July 9– TravellerJonas Hanwayleaves St. Petersburg to return home, viaGermanyand theNetherlands.Later the same year, Hanway reputedly becomes the first Englishman to use anumbrella(a French fashion).
- July 11–Halifax,Nova Scotiais almost completely destroyed by fire.[16]
- July 31–José Itakes over the throne ofPortugalfrom his deceased father, João V. King José Manuel appoints theMarquis of Pombalas his Chief Minister, who then strips theInquisitionof its power.
- August 8– In advance of theProvince of Georgiachanging in status from a corporate-owned American settlement to a British colony, Royal Assent is given to an act that lifts the province's ban on slavery; effective January 1, "it shall and may be lawful to import or bring Black Slaves or Negroes in to the Province of Georgia of America and to keep and to use the same therein".[17]
- August 20– French astronomerNicolas-Louis de Lacaille,by way of the Foreign Minister, theMarquis de Puisieulxand Netherlands ambassador toParisMattheus Lestevenon,sends a letter that ultimately persuades the States-General of the Dutch Republic to allow and partially finance Lacaille's stellar trigonometry mission to theCape of Good Hope.The expedition departsLorienton October 21[18][19]
- September 30–Crispus Attucks,an African-American slave who will later become the first person killed in theBoston Massacreof 1770, escapes from theFramingham, Massachusettsestate of slaveowner William Brown.[20][21]In an unsuccessful attempt to recapture the fugitive, Brown runs an advertisement on October 2 in theBoston Gazette,but Attucks eludes recapture.
October–December[edit]
- October 5–Treaty of Madrid:SpainandGreat Britainsign a treaty temporarily eliminating their hostility over their colonies in North and South America.[22]In addition to both sides dropping their claims for damages against each other, Spain agrees to pay theSouth Sea Company£100,000 for damage claims.
- October 14– TheLouvre Museumis created inParisfour years after art critic Lafond de Saint-Yenne calls on the King to allow the display of the royal art collection to the general public.Abel-François Poisson,the Marquis de Marigny, arranges for the display of 110 of the Crown's paintings at thePalais du Luxembourg.[23]
- November 11– Ariot breaks outinLhasaafter the murder of the regent ofTibet.
- November 18–Westminster Bridgeis officially opened inLondon.[24]
- December 3– What is described later as "The first documented presentation of amusicalin New York "[25]takes place one block east ofBroadway,at theNassau StreetTheatre, when a resident company of actors stagesThe Beggar's Opera.
- December 25–PrussiaandRussiabreak off diplomatic relations after the Russians refuse to stop assisting theElectorate of Saxony.[26]Five years later, the two Empires fight theSeven Years' War.
- December 29– Two physicians inJamaica,Dr. John Williams and Dr. Parker Bennet, fight a duel "with swords and pistols" after having had an argument the day before about the treatment ofbilious fever.Both are mortally wounded during the fight.[27]
Date unknown[edit]
- Hannah Snellreveals her sex to herRoyal Marinescompatriots.
- The King ofDahomeyhas income of 250,000 pounds from the overseas export of slaves.
- Maruyama OkyopaintsThe Ghost of Oyuki.
- Britainproduces c. 2% of the entire world's output of industrial goods, before theIndustrial Revolutionbegins.[citation needed]
- Galley slaveryis abolished in Europe.[28]
- World population:791,000,000
- Africa:106,000,000
- Asia:502,000,000
- Europe:163,000,000
- Latin-America:16,000,000
- Northern America:2,000,000
- Oceania:2,000,000
Births[edit]
- January 24–Nicolas Bergasse,French lawyer (d.1832)
- January 24–Helen Gloag,Scottish-born slave Empress ofMorocco(d.1790)
- March 16–Caroline Herschel,German astronomer (d.1848)
- April–Joanna Southcott,British religious fanatic (d.1814)
- April 17–François de Neufchâteau,French statesman, intellectual figure (d.1828)
- May 2–John André,British Army officer of theAmerican Revolutionary War(d.1780)
- May 20–Stephen Girard,French-American banker, fourth richest American of all time (d.1831)
- May 23–Adamson Tannehill,American general and politician (d.1820)
- May 28–Diogo de Carvalho e Sampayo,Portuguese diplomat, scientist (d.1807)
- May 31–Karl August von Hardenberg,Prussianpolitician (d.1822)
- June 6–William Morgan,British statistician, actuary (d.1833)
- July 5–Aimé Argand,Swiss physicist, inventor (d.1803)
- July 9–Louise Marie Thérèse Bathilde d'Orléans,last princess of Condé (d.1822)
- July 25–Henry Knox,military officer of theContinental Armyand later theUnited States Army,1stUnited States Secretary of War(b.1806)
- August 18–Antonio Salieri,Italian composer (d.1825)
- September 26–Cuthbert Collingwood, 1st Baron Collingwood,British admiral (d.1810)
- October 7–Abraham Woodhull,Patriot spy during the American Revolutionary War (d.1826)
- October 25–Marie Le Masson Le Golft,French naturalist (b.1826)
- October 31–Leonor de Almeida Portugal, 4th Marquise of Alorna,Portuguese painter and poet (d.1839)
- November 6–Carlo Aurelio Widmann,Venetian nobleman and admiral (d.1798)[29]
- November 7–Friedrich Leopold zu Stolberg-Stolberg,German poet (d.1819)
- November 10–Tipu Sultan,Sultan ofMysore(d.1799)
- December 23–Frederick Augustus I of Saxony(d.1827)
- date unknown
- Toypurina,Medicine woman of the Tongva nation and rebel leader (d.1799)
- Adwaita,Oldest tortoise (d.2006) (alleged birth year; awaitingC-14 verification)
- Urszula Zamoyska,Polish noblewoman and socialite (d.1808)
- Elizabeth Ryves,Irish writer and translator (d.1797)
- Moulvi Syed Qudratullah, Bengali judge (d.1839)[30]
Deaths[edit]
- January 16–Ivan Trubetskoy,Russian field marshal (b.1667)
- January 22–Franz Xaver Josef von Unertl,Bavarian politician (b.1675)
- January 23–Ludovico Antonio Muratori,Italian historian and scholar (b.1672)
- January 26–Albert Schultens,Dutch philologist (b.1686)
- January 29–Sophia Schröder,Swedish soprano (b.1712)
- February 7–Algernon Seymour, 7th Duke of Somerset(b.1684)
- February 8–Aaron Hill,English writer (b.1685)
- February 19–Jan Frans van Bredael,Flemish painter (b.1686)
- March 6–Domenico Montagnana,Italian luthier (b.1686)
- March 29–James Jurin,British mathematician, doctor (b.1684)
- April 7–George Byng, 3rd Viscount Torrington,British Army general (b.1701)
- May 3–John Willison,Scottish minister, writer (b.1680)
- May 17–Georg Engelhard Schröder,Swedish artist (b.1684)
- May 28–Emperor Sakuramachiof Japan (b.1720)
- June 15–Marguerite de Launay, baronne de Staal,French author (b.1684)
- July 15–Vasily Tatishchev,Russian statesman, ethnographer (b.1686)
- July 28
- Johann Sebastian Bach,German composer (b.1685)
- Conyers Middleton,English minister (b.1683)
- July 31– KingJohn V of Portugal(b.1689)
- August 8–Charles Lennox, 2nd Duke of Richmond,English aristocrat, philanthropist and cricket patron (b.1701)
- August 12–Rachel Ruysch,Dutch painter (b.1664)
- September 15–Charles Theodore Pachelbel,German composer (b.1690)
- October 3
- Georg Matthias Monn,Austrian composer (b.1717)
- James MacLaine,Irish highwayman (b.1724)
- October 16–Sylvius Leopold Weiss,German composer, lutenist (b.1687)
- November 1–Gustaaf Willem van Imhoff,DutchGovernor-General of the Dutch East Indies(b.1705)
- December 1–Johann Gabriel Doppelmayr,German mathematician, astronomer, and cartographer (b.1671)
- December 13–Philemon Ewer,English shipbuilder (b.1702)
- December 16
- Nasir Jang Mir Ahmad,son of Turkic noble Nizam-ul-Mulk (b.1712)
- Nasir Jung,Head of Hyderabad State (b.1712)
References[edit]
- ^Butler, James H. (Summer 2012)."The NOAA Annual Greenhouse Gas Index".National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.RetrievedMay 11,2013.
IPCC takes the pre-industrial era (arbitrarily chosen as the year 1750) as the baseline.
- ^Holderness, B. A. (1976).Pre-industrial England: Economy and Society, 1500-1750.London: Rowman & Littlefield.ISBN0874719100.
- ^Newby, Elisa (2009)."Lecture II — Before the Industrial Revolution"(PDF).Cambridge: Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on October 15, 2009.RetrievedMay 11,2013.
- ^"Fires", inThe New International Encyclopedia(Volume 8) (Dodd, Mead and Company, 1915 p604
- ^R. B. Cunninghame Graham,A Vanished Arcadia, being Some Account of the Jesuits in Paraguay(Haskell House Publishers, 1901, 1968) pp237-238
- ^Heather S. Nathans,Early American Theatre from the Revolution to Thomas Jefferson: Into the Hands of the People(Cambridge University Press, 2003) p30
- ^Henry P. Scalf,Kentucky's Last Frontier(The Overmountain Press, 2000) pp33-34
- ^"Antislavery Movements", by Marie-Annick Gournet, inFrance and the Americas,ed. by Bill Marshall (ABC-CLIO, 2005) p77
- ^Herbert Eugene Bolton,Texas in the Middle Eighteenth Century— Studies in Spanish Colonial History and Administration(University of California Press, 1915) p303
- ^A. J. B. Johnston,Endgame 1758: The Promise, the Glory, and the Despair of Louisbourg's Last Decade(University of Nebraska Press, 2007) p60
- ^"Child Abduction Panic", inOutbreak!: The Encyclopedia of Extraordinary Social Behavior,ed. by Hilary Evans and Robert E. Bartholomew (Anomalist Books, LLC, 2009) pp83-84
- ^Henri Martin,The Decline of the French Monarchy(Walker, Fuller and Company, 1866) p395
- ^Halldór Hermannsson,Islandica: An Annual Relating to Iceland and the Fiske Icelandic Collection in Cornell University Library(Cornell University Library, 1922) p23
- ^Kevin Hillstrom and Laurie Collier Hillstrom,The Industrial Revolution in America(ABC-CLIO, 2005) pp4-5
- ^Alcira Duenas,Indians and Mestizos in the "Lettered City"(University Press of Colorado, 2011)
- ^Cornelius Walford, ed.,The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance(C. and E. Layton, 1876) p52
- ^Christopher C. Meyers,The Empire State of the South: Georgia History in Documents and Essays(Mercer University Press, 2008) p113
- ^Ian S. Glass,Nicolas-Louis De La Caille, Astronomer and Geodesist(Oxford University Press, 2013) pp30-33
- ^Thomas Maclear,Verification and Extension of La Caille's Arc of Meridian at the Cape of Good Hope(Mowry and Barclay, 1838) p58
- ^"Crispus Attucks— First martyr of the American Revolution", by Lerone Bennett, Jr.,Ebonymagazine (July 1968) p87
- ^KaaVonia Hinton,The Story of the Underground Railroad(Mitchell Lane Publishers, 2010) p24
- ^Max Savelle,Empires to Nations: Expansion in America, 1713-1824(University of Minnesota Press, 1974) p131
- ^"The First Transfer at the Louvre in 1750: Andrea del Sarto'sLa Charite",by Gilberte Emile-Male, inIssues in the Conservation of Paintings(Getty Publications, 2004) p278
- ^Weinreb, Ben; Hibbert, Christopher (1995).The London Encyclopaedia.Macmillan. p. 976.ISBN0-333-57688-8.
- ^John Kenrick,Musical Theatre: A History(Bloomsbury Publishing, 2017) p36
- ^"In a Porcelain Mirror: Reflections of Russia from Peter I to Empress Elizabeth", by Lydia Liackhova, inFragile Diplomacy: Moisson Porcelain for European courts ca. 1710-63(Yale University Press, 2007) p74
- ^Fielding H. Garrison,An Introduction to the History of Medicine: With Medical Chronology, Suggestions for Study and Bibliographic Data(W.B. Saunders Company, 1913) p394
- ^Clear, Todd R.; Cole, George F.; Resig, Michael D. (2006).American Corrections(7th ed.). Thompson.
- ^Widmann, Carlo Aurelio; Chiggiato, Alvise (1995).La nave ben manovrata, ossia, Trattato di manovra.Venice: La Malcontenta. pp. ii–iii.OCLC46795739.
- ^মৌলভী সৈয়দ কুদরত উল্লাহ'র ১৮০ তম মৃত্যুবার্ষিকী আজ.MKantho(in Bengali). February 12, 2019. Archived fromthe originalon February 16, 2019.RetrievedJanuary 10,2022.
Further reading[edit]
- John Blair;J. Willoughby Rosse (1856)."1750".Blair's Chronological Tables.London:H.G. Bohn.hdl:2027/loc.ark:/13960/t6349vh5n– via Hathi Trust.